Upgrading Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Gangliogliom je vzácným primárním nádorem mozku. Predilekčně se vyskytuje supratentoriálně, v temporálním laloku (> 70 %). Nejčastějším klinickým projevem jsou farmakorezistentní epileptické záchvaty. Jeho vzácná, anaplastická, forma je definována histologickými známkami anaplazie v gliální složce nádoru. Pacientka s gangliogliomem WHO grade 1 podstoupila na našem pracovišti několik operačních výkonů pro postupnou progresi základního onemocnění. Z histologických vyšetření je patrný vývoj nádoru a jeho zvrat v anaplastickou formu (WHO grade 3), jehož chování odpovídalo glioblastomu IDH wild-type. Současné molekulárně-genetické profilování nádorů mozku je základem pro lepší predikci biologického a klinického chování nádoru a potažmo stanovení strategie jejich sledování a léčby.
Ganglioglioma is a rare primary brain tumor. It is commonly located supratentorialy, in the temporal lobe (>70%). The main clinical manifestation is a drug-resistant epileptic seizures. A rare, anaplastic, form is considered based on histological anaplastic signs of the glial component. Our patient with WHO grade 1 ganglioglioma underwent several surgeries for the gradual neoplasm progression. The histological examination shows the tumor development and its gradual up-grading into an anaplastic form (WHO grade 3), of which biology corresponded with the IDH wild-type glioblastoma. Current molecular-genetic tumor profiling is underpinnings for predilection of the biologic and clinic behavior and also for the assessment of follow-up and treatment strategy.
- Klíčová slova
- upgrading nádoru,
- MeSH
- gangliogliom * diagnóza patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory mozku diagnóza patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- bezpečnost MeSH
- elektrárny zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- jaderná energie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- radiační ochrana MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- MeSH
- akademie a ústavy dějiny organizace a řízení využití MeSH
- atomové reaktory dějiny využití MeSH
- bezpečnost dějiny normy zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- elektrárny přístrojové vybavení statistika a číselné údaje využití MeSH
- jaderná energie zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vzdělávání odborné - rekvalifikace metody normy MeSH
- zákonodárství jako téma normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Retina, ISSN 0275-004X September 2007
15 s. : il. ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- oftalmologické chirurgické výkony metody trendy využití MeSH
- vitrektomie metody trendy využití MeSH
- Publikační typ
- sborníky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
- NLK Obory
- oftalmologie
BACKGROUND: The pathological stage of prostate cancer with high-risk prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, but otherwise favorable and/or intermediate risk characteristics (clinical T-stage, Gleason Grade group at biopsy [B-GGG]) is unknown. We hypothesized that a considerable proportion of such patients will exhibit clinically meaningful GGG upgrading or non-organ confined (NOC) stage at radical prostatectomy (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2010-2015) we identified RP-patients with cT1c-stage and B-GGG1, B-GGG2, or B-GGG3 and PSA 20-50 ng/ml. Rates of GGG4 or GGG5 and/or rates of NOC stage (≥ pT3 and/or pN1) were analyzed. Subsequently, separate univariable and multivariable logistic regression models tested for predictors of NOC stage and upgrading at RP. RESULTS: Of 486 assessable patients, 134 (28%) exhibited B-GGG1, 209 (43%) B-GGG2, and 143 (29%) B-GGG3, respectively. The overall upgrading and NOC rates were 11% and 51% for a combined rate of upgrading and/or NOC stage of 53%. In multivariable logistic regression models predicting upgrading, only B-GGG3 was an independent predictor (odds ratio [OR]: 5.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.21-14.19; p < 0.001). Conversely, 33%-66% (OR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.42-3.95; p = 0.001) and >66% of positive biopsy cores (OR: 4.85; 95% CI: 2.84-8.42; p < 0.001), as well as B-GGG2 and B-GGG3 were independent predictors for NOC stage (all p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In cT1c-stage patients with high-risk PSA baseline, but low- to intermediate risk B-GGG, the rate of upgrading to GGG4 or GGG5 is low (11%). However, NOC stage is found in the majority (51%) and can be independently predicted with percentage of positive cores at biopsy and B-GGG.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty * patologie chirurgie MeSH
- prostata patologie chirurgie MeSH
- prostatektomie metody MeSH
- prostatický specifický antigen * MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- stupeň nádoru MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Technical limitations of ureteroscopic (URS) biopsy has been considered responsible for substantial upgrading rate in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). However, the impact of tumor specific factors for upgrading remain uninvestigated. METHODS: Patients who underwent URS biopsy were included between 2005 and 2020 at 13 institutions. We assessed the prognostic impact of upgrading (low-grade on URS biopsy) versus same grade (high-grade on URS biopsy) for high-grade UTUC tumors on radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) specimens. RESULTS: This study included 371 patients, of whom 112 (30%) and 259 (70%) were biopsy-based low- and high-grade tumors, respectively. Median follow-up was 27.3 months. Patients with high-grade biopsy were more likely to harbor unfavorable pathologic features, such as lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.001) and positive lymph nodes (LNs; p < 0.001). On multivariable analyses adjusting for the established risk factors, high-grade biopsy was significantly associated with worse overall (hazard ratio [HR] 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-2.75; p = 0.018), cancer-specific (HR 1.94; 95% CI, 1.07-3.52; p = 0.03), and recurrence-free survival (HR 1.80; 95% CI, 1.13-2.87; p = 0.013). In subgroup analyses of patients with pT2-T4 and/or positive LN, its significant association retained. Furthermore, high-grade biopsy in clinically non-muscle invasive disease significantly predicted upstaging to final pathologically advanced disease (≥pT2) compared to low-grade biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: High tumor grade on URS biopsy is associated with features of biologically and clinically aggressive UTUC tumors. URS low-grade UTUC that becomes upgraded to high-grade might carry a better prognosis than high-grade UTUC on URS. Tumor specific factors are likely to be responsible for upgrading to high-grade on RNU.
- MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk * patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory močového měchýře * chirurgie MeSH
- nádory močovodu * chirurgie patologie MeSH
- nefroureterektomie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- ureteroskopie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: We aimed to explore the utility of prostate specific antigen (PSA) isoform [- 2] proPSA and its derivatives for prediction of pathological outcome after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: Preoperative blood samples were prospectively and consecutivelyanalyzed from 472 patients treated with RP for clinically localized prostate cancerat four medical centers. Measured parameters were PSA, free PSA (fPSA), fPSA/PSA ratio, [- 2] proPSA (p2PSA), p2PSA/fPSA ratio and Prostate Health Index (PHI)(p2PSA/fPSA)*√PSA]. Logistic regression models were fitted to determine the accuracy of markers for prediction of pathological Gleason score (GS) ≥7, Gleason score upgrading, extracapsular extension of the tumor (pT3) and the presence of positive surgical margin (PSM). The accuracy of predictive models was compared using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). RESULTS: Of 472 patients undergoing RP, 339 (72%) were found to have pathologic GS ≥ 7, out of them 178 (53%) experienced an upgrade from their preoperative GS = 6. The findings of pT3 and PSM were present in 132 (28%) and 133 (28%) cases, respectively. At univariable analysis of all the preoperative parameters, PHI was the most accurate predictor of pathological GS ≥7 (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, p<0.001), GS upgrading (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, p<0.003), pT3 disease (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02, p<0.007) and the presence of PSM (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02, p<0.002). Adding of PHI into the base multivariable model increased significantly the accuracy for prediction of pathological GS by 4.4% to AUC = 66.6 (p = 0.015) and GS upgrading by 5.0% to AUC = 65.9 (p = 0.025), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative PHI levels may contribute significantly to prediction of prostate cancer aggressiveness and expansion of the tumor detected at final pathology.
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty krev patologie chirurgie MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- předoperační období MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- prostatektomie * metody MeSH
- prostatický specifický antigen krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stupeň nádoru MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Race/ethnicity may predispose to less favorable prostate cancer characteristics in intermediate risk prostate cancer (IR PCa) patients. We tested this hypothesis in a subgroup of IR PCa patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: We relied on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results 2004-2016. The effect of race/ethnicity was tested in univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses predicting upstaging (pT3+/pN1) and/or upgrading (Gleason Grade Group [GGG] 4-5) at RP. RESULTS: Of 20,391 IR PCa patients, 15,050 (73.8%) were Caucasian, 2857 (14.0%) African-American, 1632 (8.0%) Hispanic/Latino and 852 (4.2%) Asian. Asian patients exhibited highest age (64 year), highest PSA (6.8 ng/ml) and highest rate of GGG3 (31.9%). African-Americans exhibited the highest percentage of positive cores at biopsy (41.7%) and the highest proportion of NCCN unfavorable risk group membership (54.6%). Conversely, Caucasians exhibited the highest proportion of cT2 stage (35.6%). In univariable analyses, Hispanic/Latinos exhibited the highest rates of upstaging/upgrading among all race/ethnicities, in both favorable and unfavorable groups, followed by Asians, Caucasians and African-Americans in that order. In multivariable analyses, Hispanic/Latino race/ethnicity represented an independent predictor of higher upstaging and/or upgrading in favorable IR PCa (odds ratio [OR] 1.27, p < 0.01), while African-American race/ethnicity represented an independent predictor of lower upstaging and/or upgrading in unfavorable IR PCa (OR 0.79, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Race/ethnicity predisposes to differences in clinical, as well as in pathological characteristics in IR PCa patients. Specifically, even after full statistical adjustment, Hispanic/Latinos are at higher and African-Americans are at lower risk of upstaging and/or upgrading.
- MeSH
- etnicita * MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty patologie chirurgie MeSH
- prostatektomie * metody MeSH
- rasové skupiny * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- stupeň nádoru MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Východiska: Nízkostupňové gliomy WHO grade II (LGG) se v dospělé populaci nejčastěji projevují mezi 20. a 45. rokem života epileptickým záchvatem. Prezentujeme kazuistiky 2 pacientů, u kterých ložiska LGG zasahovala do elokventních oblastí, v nichž by další pokračování neurochirurgického resekčního výkonu znamenalo poškození kognitivních a neurologických funkcí pacienta. Po operaci byli pacienti sledováni v pravidelných intervalech klinických kontrol na neurochirurgické ambulanci a pomocí zobrazovacích vyšetření (MRI, MRS a PET). U obou pacientů došlo k objemové progresi ložisek bez možnosti další neurochirurgické intervence, která by zajistila radikalitu výkonu. Soubor pacientů a metody: Vzhledem k riziku i up-gradingu nádoru (overexprese EGFR a VEGF) byli oba pacienti indikováni ke kurativní kombinované léčbě zevní radioterapií s potenciací temozolomidem (Temodal®) a následné adjuvantní chemoterapii. Výsledky: U obou pacientů po dokončení kombinované léčby došlo na MRI k výrazné objemové regresi ložisek nádorů a v dalším odstupu 3 měsíců byly na MRI oba případy hodnocené bez známek nádorového rezidua. Závěr: Indikace kombinované léčby může stabilizovat progresi LGG, uchránit pacienta od up-gradingu nádoru mozku do stupně IV, a může tak výrazně prodloužit celkové přežití pacienta (OS) i dobu do progrese (TTP). Oba pacienti jsou nadále sledováni i z hlediska prevence duplicitního nádorového onemocnění nervové tkáně.
Background: Low-grade gliomas WHO II (LGG) are mostly detected in patients with neurological symptomatology between 20 and 45 years of age very often as secondary epilepsy. We present two cases in which low-grade gliomas attacked neurological zones. Neurosurgical resection was subtotal because of the risk of the damage in neurocognitive functions in both these patients. After the operation, both patients were followed at neurosurgery department in regular intervals using different imaging methods (MRI, MRS and PET). After resections, the MRI detected the enlargement of the volumes of the tumor residua in both patients. Patients and methods: Owing to the risk of up-grading to high-grades glial tumors (overexpression of EGFR and VEGF), both patients were indicated for curative treatment by external beam radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy (Temodal®) and adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: After the end of this treatment, the MRI proved considerable partial regressions in both patients. Moreover, three months later, the MRI did not prove any residual disease. Conclusion: Radiotherapy combined with the administration of Temodal should prolong the OS and TTP in patients with a high risk of up-grading of low-grade gliomas of the brain. Both the patients are in a follow-up program, also because of the risk of duplicite brain tumor.
- Klíčová slova
- nádorové onemocnění nervové tkáně, gliomy, grading nádoru, chemoterapie,
- MeSH
- adjuvantní chemoterapie metody využití MeSH
- dakarbazin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genetické testování metody využití MeSH
- gliom diagnóza chirurgie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody využití MeSH
- nádory centrálního nervového systému farmakoterapie chirurgie radioterapie MeSH
- nádory podle histologického typu MeSH
- neurochirurgické výkony metody využití MeSH
- pozitronová emisní tomografie metody využití MeSH
- radioterapie metody využití MeSH
- supratentoriální nádory farmakoterapie chirurgie radioterapie MeSH
- temozolomid MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH