Utilization rate
Dotaz
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- MeSH
- glukoneogeneze MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- potraviny MeSH
- proteiny MeSH
- tuky MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
This study suggests an approach for the comparison and evaluation of particular compartments with modest experimental setup costs. A glucose level prediction model was used to evaluate the compartment's glucose transport rate across the blood capillary membrane and the glucose utilization rate by the cells. The glucose levels of the blood, subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle tissue, and visceral fat were obtained in experiments conducted on hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats. After the blood glucose level had undergone a rapid change, the experimenter attempted to reach a steady blood glucose level by manually correcting the glucose infusion rate and maintaining a constant insulin infusion rate. The interstitial fluid glucose levels of subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle tissue, and visceral fat were evaluated to determine the reaction delay compared with the change in the blood glucose level, the interstitial fluid glucose level predictability, the blood capillary permeability, the effect of the concentration gradient, and the glucose utilization rate. Based on these data, the glucose transport rate across the capillary membrane and the utilization rate in a particular tissue were determined. The rates obtained were successfully verified against positron emission tomography experiments. The subcutaneous tissue exhibits the lowest and the most predictable glucose utilization rate, whereas the skeletal muscle tissue has the greatest glucose utilization rate. In contrast, the visceral fat is the least predictable and has the shortest reaction delay compared with the change in the blood glucose level. The reaction delays obtained for the subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscle tissue were found to be approximately equal using a metric based on the time required to reach half of the increase in the interstitial fluid glucose level.
- MeSH
- glukosa analýza metabolismus MeSH
- hypertriglyceridemie MeSH
- kapilární permeabilita fyziologie MeSH
- kosterní svaly metabolismus MeSH
- krevní glukóza analýza metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- nitrobřišní tuk metabolismus MeSH
- podkožní tuk metabolismus MeSH
- statistické modely MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
... This figure appears as -- Figure 2a in the manuscript summarizing National -- Blood Collection and Utilization ... ... In this supplemental issue, declining trends in blood collection and utilization are examined relative ... ... Basavaraju -- 1599 Supplemental findings from the National Blood Collection and -- Utilization Surveys ... ... Asia-Pacific GST, Canadian GST/HST and European VAT will be applied at the appropriate rates. ... ... For more information on current tax rates, please go to www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/tax-vat. ...
Transfusion, ISSN 0041-1132 Vol. 57, No. 2S, June 2017
strana 1585-1633 : ilustrace ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- krevní transfuze MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- hematologie a transfuzní lékařství
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have gradually entered the Czech market as alternatives to vitamin K antagonists and parenteral anticoagulants since 2008. Considering the eventual changes, the aim was to evaluate drug use and expenditure patterns on anticoagulants in the Czech Republic. A retrospective utilization study was conducted retrieving data from the State Institute for Drug Control database, including reports on drug supplies from distributors with anatomical therapeutic chemical classification (ATC) codes B01AA, B01AB, B01AE, B01AF, and B01AX. The utilization on national level was expressed as the ratio of the number of defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DDD/TID). Expenditures on all anticoagulants were also assessed. Data was analyzed using PASW (version 18.0). Between January 2007 and December 2017, the national anticoagulant utilization rate increased continuously from 14.15 to 27.67 DDD/TID. The use of DOACs was 0.002 DDD/TID in 2008, increased to 6.04 DDD/TID in 2017. Warfarin utilization, after a small decrease in 2008, has shown nearly stable levels in the recent years (70.9% of all anticoagulants; mean 11.55 DDD/TID over the last 5 years), while its increase was halted by the spread of DOACs utilization (p < 0.05). In 2017, over half of the expenditures (51.1%) were due to oral anticoagulants, whereof 47.6% was related to DOACs. The results reflected a growing utilization and increasing costs of all anticoagulants, especially in DOACs at the expense of warfarin. Still, additional information regarding patient persistence and prescribing patterns is needed for a better understanding of oral anticoagulant utilization.
- MeSH
- antikoagulancia aplikace a dávkování ekonomika MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- hodnocení spotřeby léčiv trendy MeSH
- lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění ekonomika trendy MeSH
- lékové předpisy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náklady na léky trendy MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- výdaje na zdravotnictví trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
