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Identifying intended or accidental cellular targets for drug delivery systems is highly relevant for evaluating therapeutic and toxic effects. However, limited knowledge exists on the distribution of nano- and micrometer-sized carrier systems at the cellular level in different organs. We hypothesized that clinically relevant carrier materials, differing in composition and size, are able to target distinct myeloid cell subsets that control inflammatory processes, such as macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells. Therefore, we analyzed the biodistribution and in vivo cellular uptake of intravenously injected poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) polymers, PEGylated liposomes and poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) microbubbles in mice, using whole-body imaging (computed tomography - fluorescence-mediated tomography), intra-organ imaging (intravital multi-photon microscopy) and cellular analysis (flow cytometry of blood, liver, spleen, lung and kidney). While the three carrier materials shared accumulation in tissue macrophages in liver and spleen, they notably differed in uptake by other myeloid subsets. Kupffer cells and splenic red pulp macrophages rapidly take up microbubbles. Liposomes efficiently reach dendritic cells in liver, lung and kidney. Polymers exhibit the longest circulation half-life and target endothelial cells in the liver, neutrophils and alveolar macrophages. The identification of such previously unrecognized target cell populations might open up new avenues for more efficient drug delivery.
- MeSH
- cílená molekulární terapie metody MeSH
- liposomy chemie MeSH
- mikrobubliny terapeutické užití MeSH
- myeloidní buňky chemie cytologie MeSH
- myši nahé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nanokapsle aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- orgánová specificita MeSH
- polymery chemie MeSH
- testování materiálů MeSH
- tkáňová distribuce MeSH
- tobolky aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- vnitřnosti chemie cytologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Autoři předkládají neobvyklou kazuistiku krvácení do trávicí trubice způsobeného kolonizací parazita Ascaris lumbricoides. Pacient byl vyšetřován v 11. polní nemocnici Armády České republiky během mise ISAF v Afghánistánu. Je popisován průběh léčení a v diskusi shrnuty možné komplikace výskytu škrkavek v trávicím ústrojí člověka.
The authors describe an unusual case report of bleedinginto digestive tube cause by colonization with Ascaris lumbricoides parasite. The patient was examined in the 11th Field Hospital of the Army of Czech Republic during the IFAF mission in Afghanistan. The course of the disease is described and possible complications caused by the presence of roundworm in the human digestive tract are discussed.
- Klíčová slova
- REMESTYP, ZENTEL, DECARIS,
- MeSH
- albendazol aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Ascaris lumbricoides patogenita MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gastrointestinální krvácení diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- laparotomie MeSH
- levamisol aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- paraziti MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
V článku je popsán případ diagnostiky a léčby echinokokové cysty v pravém a levém laloku jater u 28leté těhotné ženy.
The case diagnosis and treatment of hydatic cyst in the right and left lobe of the liver in a 28 year old pregnant woman is described in the article.
- Klíčová slova
- Zentel,
- MeSH
- cysty etiologie chirurgie radiografie MeSH
- Echinococcus fyziologie patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- echinokokóza jater etiologie radiografie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory jater etiologie radiografie MeSH
- parazitární komplikace těhotenství chirurgie MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- příznaky a symptomy MeSH
- roztoky aplikace a dávkování chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Albendazole (ABZ), a widely used anthelmintic drug, enters the environment mainly via livestock excrements. To evaluate the environmental impact of ABZ, the knowledge of its uptake, effects and metabolism in all non-target organisms, including plants, is essential. The present study was designed to identify the metabolic pathway of ABZ and to test potential ABZ phytotoxicity in fodder plant alfalfa, with seeds and in vitro regenerants used for these purposes. Alfalfa was chosen, as it may meet manure from ABZ-treated animals in pastures and fields. Alfalfa is often used as a feed of livestock, which might already be infected with helminths. The obtained results showed that ABZ did not inhibit alfalfa seed germination and germ growth, but evoked stress and a toxic effect in alfalfa regenerants. Alfalfa regenerants were able to uptake ABZ and transform it into 21 metabolites. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed three new ABZ metabolites that have not been described yet. The discovery of the parent compound ABZ together with the anthelmintically active and instable metabolites in alfalfa leaves shows that the contact of fodder plants with ABZ-containing manure might represent not only a danger for herbivorous invertebrates, but also may cause the development of ABZ resistance in helminths.
Albendazole (ABZ) is one of the most important benzimidazole compounds possessing high activity against the lancet fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum. ABZ sulphoxide (ABZ.SO) is the main molecule present in the bloodstream of an ABZ-treated host. The aim of this study was to characterise the pattern of ex vivo uptake of ABZ and ABZ.SO by lancet flukes and the export of both anthelmintics from these parasites. Transport of these anthelmintics in both living and dead flukes was compared. The adult flukes were collected from mouflons (Ovis musimon) which had been infected naturally. Results showed that more lipophilic ABZ was imported to a higher extent than ABZ.SO, and that significantly higher concentrations of ABZ were detected within living flukes as compared to dead ones. The same pattern was revealed in the study of ABZ and ABZ.SO export from the flukes' bodies. In addition to passive diffusion, active ABZ uptake and active efflux of ABZ and ABZ.SO in D. dendriticum could be assumed.
