bioindicators
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
Correlative imaging of cutaneous tumors provides additional information to the standard histopathologic examination. However, the joint progress in the establishment of analytical techniques, such as Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in clinical practice is still limited. Their combination provides complementary information as it is also shown in our study in terms of major biotic (Ca, Mg, and P) and trace (Cu and Zn) elements. To elucidate changes in the elemental composition in tumors, we have compiled a set of malignant tumors (Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Malignant Melanoma, and Epithelioid Angiosarcoma), one benign tumor (Pigmented Nevus) and one healthy-skin sample. The data processing was based on a methodological pipeline involving binary image registration and affine transformation. Thus, our paper brings a feasibility study of a practical methodological concept that enables us to compare LIBS and LA-ICP-MS results despite the mutual spatial distortion of original elemental images. Moreover, we also show that LIBS could be a sufficient pre-screening method even for a larger number of samples according to the speed and reproducibility of the analyses. Whereas LA-ICP-MS could serve as a ground truth and reference technique for preselected samples.
- MeSH
- bazocelulární karcinom diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- laserová terapie MeSH
- lasery MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melanom diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- nádory kůže * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- pigmentový névus diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- spektrální analýza metody MeSH
- spinocelulární karcinom diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The northern part of James Ross Island is the largest deglaciated area in the Antarctic Peninsula region with a unique ecosystem created during the Late Glacial. This research aims to evaluate the degree of contamination of the locality with toxic metals (As, Hg, Cd, and Pb) through bioindicators in the aquatic environment-colonies of cyanobacteria and algae. For this purpose, bottom lake sediments of Big Lachman Lake were studied for contents of Fe, As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, as well as samples of cyanobacterial mat, in which Fe, As, Hg, Cd, and Pb were determined. Metal contents were determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. The contents of metals in sediments did not differ from the usual values in the area of the Antarctic Peninsula. The bioaccumulation of metals in cyanobacterial mat was evaluated by calculating enrichment factors (the calculation to Fe as a reference element). According to this method, moderate pollution of Big Lachman Lake was confirmed for Hg and Cd.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- geologické sedimenty chemie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- jezera chemie MeSH
- kadmium analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- olovo analýza MeSH
- rtuť * analýza MeSH
- sinice * MeSH
- těžké kovy * analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Antarktida MeSH
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in central nervous system infections. We analysed the levels of 8 different MMPs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 89 adult patients infected with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus and compared them with the levels in a control group. MMP-9 was the only MMP that showed significantly increased CSF levels in TBE patients. Serum MMP-9 levels were subsequently measured in 101 adult TBE patients at various time points during the neurological phase of TBE and at follow-up. In addition, serum MMP-9 was analysed in 37 paediatric TBE patients. Compared with control levels, both paediatric and adult TBE patients had significantly elevated serum MMP-9 levels. In most adult patients, serum MMP-9 levels peaked at hospital admission, with higher serum MMP-9 levels observed in patients with encephalitis than in patients with meningitis. Elevated serum MMP-9 levels were observed throughout hospitalisation but decreased to normal levels at follow-up. Serum MMP-9 levels correlated with clinical course, especially in patients heterozygous for the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs17576 (A/G; Gln279Arg) in the MMP9 gene. The results highlight the importance of MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of TBE and suggest that serum MMP-9 may serve as a promising bioindicator of TBE in both paediatric and adult TBE patients.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida * diagnóza mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- matrixová metaloproteinasa 9 genetika MeSH
- viry klíšťové encefalitidy * genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Bioindication has become an indispensable part of water quality monitoring in most countries of the world, with the presence and abundance of bioindicator taxa, mostly multicellular eukaryotes, used for biotic indices. In contrast, microbes (bacteria, archaea and protists) are seldom used as bioindicators in routine assessments, although they have been recognized for their importance in environmental processes. Recently, the use of molecular methods has revealed unexpected diversity within known functional groups and novel metabolic pathways that are particularly important in energy and nutrient cycling. In various habitats, microbial communities respond to eutrophication, metals, and natural or anthropogenic organic pollutants through changes in diversity and function. In this review, we evaluated the common trends in these changes, documenting that they have value as bioindicators and can be used not only for monitoring but also for improving our understanding of the major processes in lotic and lentic environments. Current knowledge provides a solid foundation for exploiting microbial taxa, community structures and diversity, as well as functional genes, in novel monitoring programs. These microbial community measures can also be combined into biotic indices, improving the resolution of individual bioindicators. Here, we assess particular molecular approaches complemented by advanced bioinformatic analysis, as these are the most promising with respect to detailed bioindication value. We conclude that microbial community dynamics are a missing link important for our understanding of rapid changes in the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, and should be addressed in the future environmental monitoring of freshwater ecosystems.
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Agentury pro zdravotnický výzkum MZ ČR
Nestr.
Během posledního desetiletí byla objasněna zásadní role mikroRNA (malé RNA s 20-22 nukleotidy) jako perspektivních biomarkerů a/nebo kauzálních faktorů kardiovaskulárních onemocnění. MikroRNA regulují posttranskripční expresi genů, a tím významně zasahují do metabolismu cholesterolu, funkce endoteliálních buněk, hladkých svalových buněk a makrofágů. Tím se podílejí na regulaci vzniku a progrese aterosklerózy. Na základě výsledků našich pilotních studií je záměrem předkládaného projektu analyzovat (i) vybrané cirkulující mikroRNA, které se podílejí na regulaci exprese genů, (ii) jejich cílových proteinů/klinických parametrů a (iii) genetické polymorfismy ve vztahu k ateroskleróze u pacientů se závažnou hypercholesterolémií, léčených lipoproteinovou aferézou. Předpokládáme, že robustní změny v homeostáze lipidů, navozené lipoproteinovou aferézou, umožní dále objasnit úlohu vybraných cirkulujících mikroRNA, účastnících se řízení exprese genů a tvorby cílových proteinů v procesu aterogeneze.; Over past decade, the crucial role of microRNAs (small RNA molecules of 20-22 nucleotides) as perspective biomarkers, main players of the cardiovascular disease or both, has become widely recognized. By controlling the post-transcriptional gene expression, several miRNAs have been shown to modulate the cholesterol metabolism, function of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, thereby regulating the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Based on our pilot studies we intend to analyze (i) selected circulating microRNAs mostly involved in regulation of genes, (ii) their target proteins/clinical parameters and (iii) genetic polymorphisms related to atherosclerosis in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia under lipoprotein apheresis treatment. We expect that robust changes of lipid homeostasis, induced by lipoprotein apheresis, might bring further insights into the role of selected circulating microRNAs mostly involved in regulation of genes and their target proteins related to the crucial atherogenic mechanisms.
- MeSH
- ateroskleróza etiologie komplikace MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- hyperlipoproteinemie typ II diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipoproteiny LDL terapeutické užití MeSH
- mikro RNA analýza škodlivé účinky MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický MeSH
- separace krevních složek MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- genetika, lékařská genetika
- vnitřní lékařství
- kardiologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR
Precise data regarding feeding habits of necrobiont species are a key element of food web and evolutionary ecology. They can also be used to assess the utility and value of those species for forensic entomology, where obligatory necrophagous species in particular are considered good bioindicators of postmortem or preappearance interval. However, the feeding habits of many species are known only from anecdotal field observations, often reduced to vaguely defined categories-predatory, necrophagous, or omnivorous. To address this issue, we designed a simple, in vitro behavioral experiment allowing the quantification of food preferences. Next, we applied it on Necrophila (Calosilpha) brunnicollis (Kraatz, 1877), which is a common carrion beetle of East Asia with unresolved food preferences. The results suggest that this species is preferentially necrophagous, thus valuable for forensic research. Importantly, however, our experimental design allowed us to reveal that it also readily feeds on larvae of Diptera, although they compose a minor proportion of its diet. This methodology can be applied to other species, and it could provide evidence for future decision making in forensic research.
- MeSH
- brouci * MeSH
- forenzní entomologie metody MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- posmrtné změny MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
We report details of the first seven equine cases of confirmed West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Austria. The cases presented during summer and autumn of 2016 (n = 2), 2017 (n = 3) and 2018 (n = 2). All horses showed gait abnormalities and 6 of 7 horses exhibited fasciculations and/or tremors, and we provide video recordings of these. Three horses also showed cranial nerve involvement. Following rapid improvement, three horses were discharged. Four horses were euthanized due to the severity of clinical signs and subjected to neuropathological examination. West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 nucleic acid was detected in 5 of 7 horses, and WNV-specific neutralizing antibodies in all 7 horses. In addition, serologic evidence of WNV infection was found in two out of fourteen in-contact horses. Horses may be considered a sentinel species for human WNV infections, integrating human and veterinary medicine and thus contributing to the one health concept.
- MeSH
- fatální výsledek MeSH
- koně MeSH
- nemoci koní diagnóza virologie MeSH
- sentinelové organismy MeSH
- virus západního Nilu fyziologie MeSH
- západonilská horečka komplikace diagnóza veterinární virologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Rakousko MeSH
Carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) seem to be suitable bioindicators of the environmental impacts of novel agrotechnologies, including deployment of the genetically engineered (GE) crops. In this article, we describe our effort to employ carabids in the environmental risk assessment (ERA). GE maize MON88017, its near-isogenic hybrid nontreated or treated with the soil insecticide chlorpyrifos, and two reference hybrids were used to compare three different ways how to utilize carabids in ERA. The analysis of abundance of all captured carabids or of the most abundant carabid species did not disclose any differences between the treatments. The analysis based on the categories of functional traits revealed distinct features of some treatments and proved suitable for ERA because it permitted field data transportability in spite of different species compositions. Our results indicate that GE maize has no detrimental environmental effect. On the other hand, we found significant trends toward lower abundance and lower species number (including analysis of all carabid species together) in plots treated with the insecticide, and some tendencies to higher abundance and higher species number in plots sown with the reference hybrid PR38N86. Using functional group indicators allows identification of unintended changes in ecological functions of agroecosystem and comparability across geographies. We recommend data evaluation at the level of the categories of functional traits in ERA of GE crops and other agricultural practices.
The increasing content of platinum group metal particles emitted into the environment by car traffic is gradually attracting the attention of the scientific community. However, the methods for the determination of platinum group metals in environmental matrices are either costly or suffer from low sensitivity. To facilitate the use of less sensitive, but significantly cheaper, devices, the preconcentration of platinum group metals is employed. For platinum, a multitude of preconcentration approaches have been published. On the contrary, the preconcentration approaches for palladium are still rare. In this work, the development, optimization, and testing of a new approach is described; it is based on a preconcentration of palladium on octadecyl modified silica gel together with the complexing agent dimethylglyoxime, and it is then analyzed with the high-resolution continuum-source atomic absorption spectrometry. For comparison, a newly developed sorbent, QuadraSil™ TA, with a high affinity for platinum group metals was also tested. The preconcentraiton approach was tested on the lichen Hypogymnia physodes, which served as a bioindicator of palladium emissions. The case study site was a mid-sized city in central Europe: Brno, Czech Republic. The dry "bag" monitoring technique was used to collect the palladium near roads with a large span of traffic density. The developed analytical approach confirmed an increasing concentration of palladium with increasing exposure time and intensity of the traffic. Consequently, a simple relationship between the amount of bioaccumulated palladium and traffic density was established.
- MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza MeSH
- lišejníky chemie MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- palladium analýza chemie MeSH
- platina analýza MeSH
- silikagel MeSH
- spektrofotometrie atomová metody MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
The greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis) is a flagship species for the protection of hibernation and summer maternity roosts in the Western Palearctic region. A range of pathogenic agents is known to put pressure on populations, including the white-nose syndrome fungus, for which the species shows the highest prevalence and infection intensity of all European bat species. Here, we perform analysis of blood parameters characteristic for the species during its natural annual life cycle in order to establish reference values. Despite sexual dimorphism and some univariate differences, the overall multivariate pattern suggests low seasonal variation with homeostatic mechanisms effectively regulating haematology and blood biochemistry ranges. Overall, the species displayed a high haematocrit and haemoglobin content and high concentration of urea, while blood glucose levels in swarming and hibernating bats ranged from hypo- to normoglycaemic. Unlike blood pH, concentrations of electrolytes were wide ranging. To conclude, baseline data for blood physiology are a useful tool for providing suitable medical care in rescue centres, for studying population health in bats adapting to environmental change, and for understanding bat responses to stressors of conservation and/or zoonotic importance.
- MeSH
- Chiroptera krev fyziologie MeSH
- hematokrit normy MeSH
- hematologické testy normy MeSH
- hibernace MeSH
- podnebí MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- sentinelové organismy fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Arktida MeSH
