• MeSH
• ambulantní monitorování metody   přístrojové vybavení   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• chůze MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH

Cíl: Zhodnotit celkovou aktivitu žen v těhotenství s nízkým rizikem, přeložit dotazník Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) a sledovat fyzickou aktivitu těhotnych žen pomocí tohoto dotazníku v brazilské populaci. Typ studie: Průřezová kvantitativní studie zahrnující 305 žen mezi 16 a 40 lety s nízkým rizikem těhotenství. Pracoviště: Ministerstvo veřejného zdraví, Státní univerzita v Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazílie. Metodika: Použili jsme upravenou verzi dotazníku PPAQ pro posouzení úrovně fyzické aktivity a energetického výdeje. Výsledky: Zjištěn byl vysoký počet nedostatečně aktivních těhotných žen. Nižší výdej energie byl pozorován zejména ve třetím trimestru u těhotných žen s nižší úrovní vzdělání a svobodných žen.

Objective: To evaluate the total activity performed by women with low-risk pregnancy as well as translate and pursue a cross-cultural adaptation of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) to the Brazilian reality. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional quantitative study including 305 women between 16 and 40 years of age with low-risk pregnancies. Setting: The Department of Public Health, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. Methods: We applied an adapted version of PPAQ to assess the levels of physical activity and the intensity in the metabolic equivalent task (MET), which could be distinguished as follows: sedentary (< 1.5 METs), light (1.5–3.0 METs), moderate activity (3.0–6.0 METs), and vigorous activity (>6.0 METs). The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare energy expenditure (MET) with socio-demographic variables. Results: More than half of the participants performed activities that were classified as light (51.4%). If we group the activities that were categorized as sedentary and light, this value increases to 74.7%, showing a high prevalence of insufficiently active pregnant women. Lower energy expenditure was observed in the third gestational trimester among pregnant women with lower educational level, single women, and mixed-race women (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a prevalence of physical inactivity during the three trimesters of pregnancy. The results validate PPAQ for the Brazilian population to serve as a basis for future public policies focused on combating the health problems of mother–infant pairs.

• MeSH
• činnosti denního života MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• druhý trimestr těhotenství MeSH
• energetický metabolismus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• první trimestr těhotenství MeSH
• sedavý životní styl MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• těhotenství * MeSH
• třetí trimestr těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• těhotenství * MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH

Based on a collapsing procedure and Rasch analysis, a Rasch-based optimal categorization procedure has been introduced for the determination of the categorization of a test or scale. As a result of the Rasch-based optimal categorization, the number of response categories could be reduced, which may be a threat to the internal structure of a measure. Using three available data sets (two data sets from one study with N = 480 and third set from another study with N = 219), this study examined the differences among the structures of exercise barrier scale constructs when a different number of response categories is used. Specifically, two models of exercise barrier constructs were compared using the structural equation modeling. The results suggest that the collapsing of categories has no effect on the structure of the latent variables. In addition, the results suggest that the collapsed num- ber of categories provides a slightly better model-data fit statistics. Two consequences for the no-impact finding are: (a) a better categorization may help eliminate systematic error related to response categories and (b) the range of ability, or between-subject variance, was still maintained. More studies are needed to determine these possible explanations’ contributions. The analysis of the internal structure illustrated in this study should be a part of the Rasch-based optimal categorization procedure.

• Klíčová slova
• kategorizace odpovědí, validita, faktorová analýza, teorie položkových odpovědí,
• MeSH
• cvičení psychologie   MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• osobnostní dotazník normy   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• péče o sebe psychologie   MeSH
• psychometrie metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Východiska: Mladší dospělost je z vývojového hlediska považována za dynamické období (fázi intenzivního rozvoje), kdy u jedince dochází k přeměně od nezralé ke zralé osobnosti. V případě vysokoškolského studia je jedinec vystaven požadavkům vyplývajících z vývojové fáze, kterou prochází, ale i stresu spojeného s nároky a požadavky studia. Strategie zvládání stresu jsou způsoby zpracování stresu, které nastupují plánovitě - neplánovitě, vědomě - nevědomě při vzniku stresové situace s cílem dosažení redukce stresu. Efektivní copingové strategie (CS) se podílejí na výsledné tělesné i duševní pohodě a přispívají k životní spokojenosti jedince. Důležitý faktor, který může ovlivnit tělesné i duševní zdraví a životní spokojenost vysokoškolských studentů, představuje pohybová aktivita (PA), která je spjata s aktivním životním stylem. Determinující vztah CS a PA byl vyplývajícím předmětem bádání. Cíle: Prioritou studie je zjistit, zda existuje vztah mezi úrovní PA a preferovanými copingovými strategiemi u jedinců v mladší dospělosti na vybraných fakultách. Metodika: Ke kategorizaci úrovně PA byl využit standardizovaný dotazník International Physical Activity Questionnaire (krátká verze), ke zjištění preferencí CS standardizovaný Dotazník zvládání stresu (SVF 78). Cílovou skupinu zahrnovalo 511 studentů Univerzity Palackého (UP) v Olomouci s průměrným věkem 22,5 let. Výsledky: Vyšší výskyt používání pozitivních strategií byl zaznamenán u jedinců s vyšší úrovní PA. U pozitivních strategií bylo naměřeno statisticky významných rozdílů většinou mezi jedinci s vysokou a nízkou úrovní PA, nebo vysokou a žádnou PA. U negativních strategií a klesající PA nebyla prokázána přímo úměrná tendence. Významný rozdíl byl zaznamenán pouze u strategie Rezignace mezi nízkou a střední PA (p = 0,017; d = 0,40). Závěry: Přímo úměrný vztah mezi úrovní PA a CS existuje, ovšem nebyl vždy prokázán. Z výsledků vyplývá, že by PA mohla být u jedinců potenciálním prostředkem, který k efektivitě a účinnosti zvolené strategie může přispívat, bezpodmínečně spjat s ní ale není.

Background: From the developmental perspective, younger adulthood is a dynamic period characterized by intensive development including the transition of an individual from an immature to a mature state. As far as higher education is concerned, individuals are exposed not only to development-related requirements and conditions of their study. Stress coping strategies are stress processing approaches which can be planned or unplanned and used consciously or unconsciously when a stressful situation arises to reduce or eliminate stress. Effective coping strategies (CS) affect the resulting physical and mental well-being as well as contribute to the overall life satisfaction of an individual. An equally important factor that can affect thy physical and mental health of university students is physical activity (PA), which is associated an active lifestyle. For this reason, the determining relationship between CS and PA was the subject of the research. Objective: The priority of the study was to identify and compare the level of PA in younger adults at selected faculties with respect to the reported CS. Methods: The PA level was categorized by means of the standardized International Physical Activity Questionnaire, while the CS preferences were examined by the Streßverarbeitungsfragebogen (Stress Coping Questionnaire - SVF 78). The target group included 511 students from Palacký University Olomouc with an average age of 22.5 years. Results: A higher use of positive strategies was observed primarily in individuals with a higher PA level. In the case of positive strategies, statistically significant differences were measured mostly between individuals with a high and low level of PA or between those with high and no activity. Negative strategies and decreasing PA were not shown to be directly proportional. A significant difference was observed only in the resignation strategy between low and medium PA (p = 0.017; d = 0.40). Conclusions: The study focused on searching for a directly proportional relationship between CS and the level of PA. However, this was not confirmed in all cases. It can be summarized that PA is a potential instrument for the target group that can increase the effectiveness of a specific strategy to a certain extent but is not necessarily linked to it.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• psychický stres MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH

Východiska: Období adolescence je důležitou životní etapou, během které se vytváří pozitivní vztah k pohybovým aktivitám (PA). Je velice důležité zkoumat, jak žáci k PA přistupují, neboť PA je nedílnou součástí zdravého životního stylu. V oblasti psychologie zdraví v kontextu s PA bývá využíván koncept self-efficacy, neboli sebeúčinnost. Lidé s vyšší self-efficacy mají vyšší sebedůvěru a nebojí se životních výzev a tato sebedůvěra pramení z přesvědčení jedince, že má kontrolu nad děním kolem sebe. Ve vztahu k PA nám úroveň self-efficacy podává validní informaci o tom, jak žáci k PA přistupují. Cíle: Prioritou studie je zjistit úroveň obecné self-efficacy a self-efficacy ve vztahu k PA u žáků na druhém stupni základních škol a na středních školách. Dále se snažíme zjistit vztah mezi obecnou self-efficacy a self-efficacy ve vztahu k PA u této věkové skupiny. Také nás zajímá, se kterými otázkami budou mít žáci největší nesouhlas, tedy nejnižší sebedůvěru a jejich rozdíly v závislosti na pohlaví a typu (druhý stupeň základní/střední) školy. Metodika: Ke kategorizaci úrovně self-efficacy byla použita standardizovaná česká verze Dotazníku obecné vlastní efektivity (DOVE) vycházející z anglického originálu General self-efficacy scale. Dále byl použit Dotazník vlastní efektivity pro oblast PA (DOPA) v originále Physical exercise self-efficacy scale. Skupinu respondentů tvořilo 825 chlapců a 1040 dívek ve věku od 12 do 19 let. Výsledky: Skóre českých žáků odpovídá nízké self-efficacy v oblasti PA. V obecné vlastní efektivitě se čeští žáci pohybují mírně pod průměrným skóre ve srovnání s mezinárodním skóre. Statisticky významné rozdíly mezi dívkami a chlapci byly zjištěny pouze na středních školách, a to jak v celkovém skóre self-efficacy ve vztahu k PA (DOPA), tak také v celkovém výsledku dotazníku DOVE pro obecnou self-efficacy, přičemž chlapci dosáhli v obou případech vyššího skóre. Na základních školách významné rozdíly v celkovém skóre v obou dotaznících zjištěny nebyly. Závěry: Úroveň obecné self-efficacy a self-efficacy pro oblast PA u českých žáků je pod průměrným skórem v obou dotaznících. Chlapci na středních školách měli signifikantně vyšší úroveň self-efficacy než dívky.

Background: Adolescence is an important period of life during which a positive relationship with physical activity (PA) is formed. It is very important to investigate how students approach PA, as PA is an integral part of a healthy lifestyle. In the field of health psychology, the concept of self-efficacy is often used in the context of PA. People with higher self-efficacy have higher self-esteem and are not afraid of life's challenges; this self-confidence stems from the individual's belief that he or she is in control of what is going on around them. The level of self-efficacy in relation to PA gives us valid information about how students approach PA. Objective: The priority of the study is to find out the level of general self-efficacy and self-efficacy in relation to PA in primary and secondary school students. Furthermore, we seek to determine the relationship between general self-efficacy and self-efficacy in relation to PA in this age group. We are also interested in which issues pupils will disagree with the most, i.e., have the lowest self-efficacy, and their differences depending on gender and type (second level primary/middle) of school. Methods: To categorize the level of self-efficacy, a standardized Czech version of the General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (DOVE) was used, based on the original General Self-Efficacy Scale. The second questionnaire used was the Czech version of Physical Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (DOPA). The measured group consisted of 825 boys and 1040 girls aged 12 to 19 years. Results: The Czech pupils' scores correspond to low self-efficacy in PA and in general self-efficacy the Czech pupils are slightly below average score of both questionnaires. There was a statistically significant difference between girls and boys only in secondary schools, both in the overall PA self-efficacy score (DOPA) and in the overall DOVE questionnaire score for general self-efficacy, with boys scoring higher in both cases. In primary schools, there were no significant differences in overall scores on either questionnaire. Conclusions: The level of general self-efficacy and self-efficacy for PA in Czech pupils is below the average score in both questionnaires. Boys in secondary schools had a significantly higher level of self-efficacy than girls.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sebeuplatnění MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To assess to what extent eight behavioural health risks related to breakfast and food consumption and five behavioural health risks related to physical activity, screen time and sleep duration are present among schoolchildren, and to examine whether health-risk behaviours are associated with obesity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional design as part of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (school year 2007/2008). Children's behavioural data were reported by their parents and children's weight and height measured by trained fieldworkers. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed. SETTING: Primary schools in Bulgaria, Lithuania, Portugal and Sweden; paediatric clinics in the Czech Republic. SUBJECTS: Nationally representative samples of 6-9-year-olds (n 15 643). RESULTS: All thirteen risk behaviours differed statistically significantly across countries. Highest prevalence estimates of risk behaviours were observed in Bulgaria and lowest in Sweden. Not having breakfast daily and spending screen time ≥2 h/d were clearly positively associated with obesity. The same was true for eating 'foods like pizza, French fries, hamburgers, sausages or meat pies' >3 d/week and playing outside <1 h/d. Surprisingly, other individual unhealthy eating or less favourable physical activity behaviours showed either no or significant negative associations with obesity. A combination of multiple less favourable physical activity behaviours showed positive associations with obesity, whereas multiple unhealthy eating behaviours combined did not lead to higher odds of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a categorization based on international health recommendations, individual associations of the thirteen health-risk behaviours with obesity were not consistent, whereas presence of multiple physical activity-related risk behaviours was clearly associated with higher odds of obesity.

• MeSH
• adherence pacienta * MeSH
• chování dětí * MeSH
• dieta škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
• fyziologie výživy dětí * MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• podpora zdraví * MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• rodiče MeSH
• sedavý životní styl MeSH
• snídaně MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• výživa - přehledy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

PURPOSE: The aim of this article is to systematically review articles and annual reports concerning young peoples' physical activity (PA) and linking this to considerations of the state and national defense. METHOD: A systematic search of the literature included an analysis of publications accessible in global databases and other available books, student papers, and projects. The articles and reports were categorized based on year of publication, methods used, age of respondents, sample size, country, and digital object identifier (DOI). RESULTS: The result of this search is an overview of the extent and manner in which the worldwide scientific community is addressing the current situation and the long-term development of the physical fitness of adolescents. This publication also maps to what extent professional publications and articles are addressing PA from the perspective of the needs of armies and armed forces of various countries around the world. CONCLUSIONS: The article provides a systematic overview of methods used to measure PA, and an overview of articles dealing with assessing PA. The examined articles indicate that from the perspective of not only national defense, but also health and overall quality of life, in particular, we need initiatives to encourage and motivate young people to increase their everyday PA. The research therefore also includes an overview of factors that may considerably influence PA. The results ascertained in this publication will be used, i.a. for investigating a longitudinal defense research project of the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic in which the authors are participating.

• Publikační typ
• systematický přehled MeSH

Sport activity is related with certain social, humane values what provides positive value to it, while doping arouses doubts to this valuation. Nowadays doping as one of cheating forms in sport is more widely discussed because it is opposite to the spirit of sport. Some world level athletes of Lithuania have already encountered the problem of doping, though so far it is given little attention in the country. The world code of anti-doping encourages athletes to actively join educational anti-doping activity, so the problematic question arises: what is the attitude of future Lithuanian teachers of physical education to doping? The purpose of this study is to analyze the attitude of future teachers of physical education to doping. Objectives 1. To find out if any forbidden medical means for improvement of sport results are used by respondents, their friends and acquaintances. 2. To find out at what age respondents learnt about doping and from what sources. 3. To find out which athletes related with doping they know in Lithuania and in the world. 4. To find out the opinion of respondents about the possibilities to use doping and its effect. The research was carried out in 2004, 65 men and 37 women, all of them 3d year students of Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education, participated in the research. The analysis of the results of questionnaire revealed that none of the girls either used or uses any forbidden medical means to improve sport results. 12, 5 % of men used some forbidden medical means earlier, and 3, 57 % still use them. 28, 5 % of men and 18, 92% of women indicated that their friends, acquaintances use doping. The majority of men (76, 79 %) learnt about doping at the age of 15-16; and 14, 29 % - when they were 12-14. The majority of women (43, 24 %) found out about doping when they were 15-16; and the same amount of women (43, 24 %) learnt about it at the age of 17-18. So men found the existence of doping earlier than women did. The men learnt about doping from their friends and coaches, while the main source about doping for women was media. Men indicated more names than women of famous athletes who had used doping. 37, 50 % of men and 40, 54 % of women were among those who did not know any sportsman of Lithuania using doping, and accordingly 2 8, 57 % and 37, 84 % did not know any foreign sportsman using doping. So future teachers of physical education take little interest in events related with doping. The study also revealed that women are more categorical on the issue of doping than men, women know better about the affect and consequences of doping, though even 2/3 of women indicated that they lack knowledge about usage of doping, about educational methods of anti-doping.

• MeSH
• doping ve sportu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sporty MeSH
• tělesná výchova trendy   MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Východiská: Štúdia je zameraná na problematiku vplyvu pohybovej aktivity a morfologického typu nohy na výskyt plochej nohy. Venuje sa popisu tvarov nohy, vývoja nohy, ďalej samotnej plochej nohe, jej jednotlivým typom a etiológii. Metódy: Prieskum bol realizovaný na študentoch Katedry fyzioterapie Fakulty zdravotníckych odborov Prešovskej univerzity v Prešove. Vyšetrených bolo 50 študentov. V prieskume bola hodnotená kvalita klenby nohy a zároveň analyzovaný vplyv vybraných faktorov na výskyt plochej nohy. Stupeň pohybovej aktivity bol hodnotený dotazníkom pohybovej aktivity IPAQ a morfologický typ nohy hodnotiacou škálou podľa Kučeru. Kvalitu klenby nohy sme diagnostikovali plantoskopom, s využitím vizuálnej škály podľa Kapandji. Korelácie medzi parametrami hodnotiacimi kvalitu klenby nohy a sledovanými faktormi boli analyzované Pearsonovým chí- kvadrátovým testom. Výsledky: Výsledky prieskumu poukazujú na prítomnosť vyššieho percenta plochej nohy u mužov. Najfrekventovanejším typom nohy bola egyptská noha. 70 % vzorky bolo zaradených do kategórie vysoký stupeň pohybovej aktivity. Korelačný vzťah sa medzi skúmanými parametrami nepotvrdil. Záver: Výsledky prieskumu nepotvrdzujú vplyv pohybovej aktivity a morfologického typu nohy na výskyt plochej nohy.

Background: The study focuses on the impact of physical activity and morphological type of foot on the prevalence of flat foot. It deals with the description of the shape of the foot, fylogenezis of the foot, flat foot, etiology of flat foot and types of flat foot. Methods: Students of the Department of Physiotherapy at the Faculty of Health Care, University of Prešov were the subjects of the research. A total of 50 student subjects were examined. The research assessed the quality of the arch of the foot as well as analysed the impact of selected factors on the prevalence of the flat foot. The quality was assessed using a diagnostic device - plantoskop and a visual scale according to Kapandji. Level of physical activity was assessed by the questionnaire physical activity IPAQ and morphological type of foot scale assessment by Kucera. Correlations between the parameters assessing the quality of the arch of the foot and the observed factors were analysed using Pearsons chi-squared test. Results: The research results suggest a higher prevalence of flat foot in males. Egyptian foot was the most frequent type of foot. 70% of the sample was categorized as a high level of physical activity. Correlation between the examined parameters was not confirmed. Conclusion: The results of the survey not confirmed the effect of physical activity and morphological type of foot on the incidence of flat feet.

• Klíčová slova
• morfologický typ nohy,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• plochá noha * MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the evidence regarding rehabilitation interventions targeting optimal physical or cognitive function in adults with a history of cancer and describe the breadth of evidence as well as strengths and limitations across a range of functional domains. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Plus, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. The time scope was January 2008 to April 2019. STUDY SELECTION: Prospective, controlled trials including single- and multiarm cohorts investigating rehabilitative interventions for cancer survivors at any point in the continuum of care were included, if studies included a primary functional outcome measure. Secondary data analyses and pilot/feasibility studies were excluded. Full-text review identified 362 studies for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION: Extraction was performed by coauthor teams and quality and bias assessed using the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Classification of Evidence Scheme (class I-IV). DATA SYNTHESIS: Studies for which the functional primary endpoint achieved significance were categorized into 9 functional areas foundational to cancer rehabilitation: (1) quality of life (109 studies), (2) activities of daily living (61 studies), (3) fatigue (59 studies), (4) functional mobility (55 studies), (5) exercise behavior (37 studies), (6) cognition (20 studies), (7) communication (10 studies), (8) sexual function (6 studies), and (9) return to work (5 studies). Most studies were categorized as class III in quality/bias. Averaging results found within each of the functional domains, 71% of studies reported statistically significant results after cancer rehabilitation intervention(s) for at least 1 functional outcome. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence supporting the efficacy of rehabilitative interventions for individuals with a cancer history. The findings should be balanced with the understanding that many studies had moderate risk of bias and/or limitations in study quality by AAN criteria. These results may provide a foundation for future work to establish clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitative interventions across cancer disease types.

• MeSH
• činnosti denního života MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• únava MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH