cheese Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami MeSH
- průmysl zpracování potravin * MeSH
- sýr * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The basic raw materials for the production of processed cheese are natural cheese which is treated by heat with the addition of emulsifying salts. From a point of view of the melting temperatures used (and the pH-value of the product), the course of processed cheese production can be considered "pasteurisation of cheese." During the melting process, the majority of vegetative forms of microorganisms, including bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, are inactivated. The melting temperatures are not sufficient to kill the endospores, which survive the process but are often weakened. From a microbiological point of view, the biggest contamination problem of processed cheese is caused by gram-positive spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Geobacillus, and Clostridium. Other factors affecting the shelf-life and quality of processed cheese are mainly the microbiological quality of the raw materials used, strict hygienic conditions during the manufacturing process as well as the type of packaging materials and storage conditions. The quality of processed cheese is not only dependent on the ingredients used but also on other parameters such as the value of water activity of the processed cheese, its pH-value, the presence of salts and emulsifying salts and the amount of fat in the product.
Oštiepok is traditional half-fat semi-hard cheese manufactured in Slovak Republic. In this research, we have analyzed the content of macro-elements (calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sodium) and micro-elements (chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc) in Oštiepok cheese samples collected from various parts of Slovak Republic. The analysis of Oštiepok cheese samples (n = 19) was carried out by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The macro-element concentrations in the investigated samples varied quite significantly with the highest values recorded for sodium with its average concentration of 8083 mg kg-1. The second highest macro-element concentration was observed for calcium with the average concentration of 6850 mg kg-1. Average concentration of zinc was 23.2 mg kg-1; iron, 14.1 mg kg-1; and copper, 10.0 mg kg-1. The concentration of macro- and micro-elements varied from sample to sample, but we can conclude that the traditional Oštiepok cheese is a suitable source of some minerals important for human health. Based on the RDA, the exposure amounts of analyzed samples are low, and no element can be referred to as significant since none reaches 15% of the nutrient reference values, according to EC Regulation 1169/2011.
BACKGROUND: The present study examined the influence of eight selected strains of Penicillium nalgiovense as secondary culture on the ripening of soft mould cheese. Ion-exchange chromatography, SDS-PAGE and sensory analysis were used for comparison of P. nalgiovense with common secondary mould culture (Penicillium camemberti). RESULTS: Proteolytic activity was more intensive in the case of the strains of P. nalgiovense in comparison with the control strains of P. camemberti. Some differences in the proportion and amount of free amino acids were observed between the strains of P. nalgiovense during ripening. Lower proteolytic activity of P. nalgiovense was more desirable for sensory properties of cheese, especially in case sample N2. CONCLUSION: This study provides information on the usability of selected strains of P. nalgiovense that could support the development of sensory properties of mould-ripened soft cheese. The cheese with the culture N2 had the best flavour after 35 days of storage. Moreover, this strain showed the lowest bitterness in comparison with the other used P. nalgiovense cultures. The intensity of bitterness of sample N2 was comparable to that of the control sample with P. camemberti. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quality and authenticity control serve as the customers' and manufacturers' insurance, and thus the development of analytical tools providing these tasks represents an important step of each product development. The control of authenticity in food manufacturing is even more important due to the direct influence of its products on the health of the population. This study sought to develop an easy to use and robust method for the authenticity control of cheese products. The method is based on the measurement of infrared spectra of the gas phase obtained by heating of selected cheese under controlled conditions. Two different procedures, that is, treatment of samples in a desiccator and their freeze-drying, were compared, and also various temperatures and heating times were studied. It was found that suitable fingerprint infrared spectra can be obtained by both techniques; however, freeze-drying offered faster analysis times. The sample heating temperature and time were evaluated using advanced statistical approaches, and it was found that suitable results could be obtained using 120 °C heating for 90 min. This method was tested for the authenticity control of two cheese families, Tvaruzky and Romadur, for which four cheese products were evaluated and successfully discriminated for each family. This method can be potentially used as a cheap and easy to use alternative to other commercially available options.
- MeSH
- diskriminační analýza MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami metody MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací metody MeSH
- sýr analýza klasifikace MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
