cultivars Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Řada pacientů alergických na pyl břízy v oblastech střední a severní Evropy trpí po požití čerstvých jablek projevy orálního alergického syndromu. Tento typ alergické reakce na jablka způsobuje zkřížená reaktivita IgE protilátek mezi hlavním alergenem břízy Bet v 1 a hlavním alergenem jablka Mal d 1. Je známo, že závažnost alergické reakce na jablka závisí nejen na specifické senzibilizaci pacienta, ale je závislá i na jablečné odrůdě. Výběr jablečných odrůd se sníženým obsahem Mal d1 může přispět ke snížení rizika vzniku klinických potíží u polinotiků s alergickou reakcí na jablka a může pomoci se zařazením některých jablek do stravy. U pacientů s prokázanou alergií na jablka byla hodnocena alergenicita vybraných 17 odrůd jablek kožními testy metodou prick to prick. Pro laboratorní vyšetření, test aktivace bazofilů, byla použita vylisovaná jablečná šťáva. Intenzita alergické reakce na jednotlivé odrůdy byla potvrzena SDS-PAGE elektroforézou a imunitní reakcí krevního séra metodou Western blot. V naší práci jsme potvrdili, že různé odrůdy jablek obsahují odlišné množství alergenu Mal d1. U odrůd Boskoopské, Florina, Topaz a Angold byla prokázána nejnižší reaktivita, lze je zařadit mezi kultivary s nízkou alergenicitou. Nejvyšší alergenicita byla zjištěna u odrůd Hetlina a Resista.
Many birch pollen sensitized patients in Central and Northern Europe suffer from oral allergy symptoms after eating fresh apples. This type of apple allergy is caused by cross reactivity of IgE antibodies against the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 with Mal d 1. It is known, that severity of allergic reaction to apples was not only related to the specific sensitivity of the individual, but also largely depended on the apple cultivar. Selection of apple cultivars could help for reduction of symptoms in patient with birch pollen-apple allergy and might offer Mal d1 reactive patients a safe way to reintroduce apples to their diets. Using 17 selected apple cultivars, the allergenicity was studied by prick to prick tests in patients. Pressed apple juice was used for laboratory evaluation, basophil activation test. Intensity of patient’s allergic reaction to particular cultivars was confirmed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and immunity reaction of blood serum by Western blot method. We demonstrated, that different cultivars of apples have different amount of Mal d 1. Cultivars Boskoop, Florina, Topaz and Angold were classified as cultivars with low allergenicity. Hetlina and Resista apples showed the highest allergenicity.
- Klíčová slova
- jablečné odrůdy, Mal d 1, prick to prick, BAT, immunoblotting,
- MeSH
- antigeny rostlinné izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- bazofily imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- bříza imunologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu metody využití MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
- kožní testy metody využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ovoce škodlivé účinky účinky léků MeSH
- potravinová alergie diagnóza MeSH
- pyl imunologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- western blotting metody využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- analýza potravin * MeSH
- anthokyaniny MeSH
- chléb analýza MeSH
- jedlá semena MeSH
- karotenoidy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mouka MeSH
- nutriční hodnota * MeSH
- potravní vláknina MeSH
- proteiny MeSH
- pšenice MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Fusarium toxins, secondary metabolites of toxinogenic Fusarium species, are found in a range of cereal grains. In this study the occurrence of the most commonest Fusarium toxins, namely nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, fusarenon-X, 3- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, HT-2 and T-2 toxins and zearalenone, in various barley cultivars harvested in 2005-2008 was monitored. The impact of weather, locality, fungicide treatment and barley cultivar (hulless or covered) on contamination was evaluated. The transfer of these mycotoxins into malt was assessed. RESULTS: The most prevalent toxin was DON, which was found in 83% of samples (maximum level 180 µg kg(-1)), while HT-2 was detected in 62% of samples (maximum level 716 µg kg(-1)). Using analysis of covariance, weather was found to be the key factor in all years (P < 0.001). A relationship between cultivar and contamination was confirmed only for HT-2 (P < 0.001) and T-2 (P = 0.037), with higher levels of these toxins being observed in hulless cultivars. With the exception of NIV (P = 0.008), no significant relationship was found between fungicide treatment and contamination. No distinct trend regarding DON levels in malt was found, with both decreases and increases occurring. CONCLUSION: The results show an inter-annual variation in mycotoxin occurrence in barley cultivars as well as differences in contamination of malt produced from fungicide-treated and untreated barley.
- MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- Fusarium chemie MeSH
- ječmen (rod) klasifikace mikrobiologie MeSH
- jedlá semena mikrobiologie MeSH
- mykotoxiny analýza MeSH
- počasí MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
- průmyslové fungicidy farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Yield losses caused by pests, including aphids, can be substantial in cereals. Breeding for resistance against aphids is therefore desirable for enhancing the economic and environmental sustainability of cereal production. The aim of our study was to reveal the degree of antibiosis against Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Homoptera: Aphididae), in four cultivars of spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ('Alicia', 'Odeta', 'Libertina', 'Astrid'), and two cultivars of emmer, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübler) Thell. ('Rudico', 'Tapiruz') (both Poales: Poaceae) under controlled laboratory conditions. Using age-stage, two-sex life table, we quantified responses of M. dirhodum to each cultivar and to project population growth. The spring wheat and emmer cultivars varied in their suitability to M. dirhodum. The cultivar most susceptible to M. dirhodum was the emmer cultivar 'Rudico'; the projected population size of M. dirhodum on this cultivar was one order of magnitude larger than those on other cultivars. The most resistant cultivar was the spring wheat cultivar 'Libertina'. Since emmer is commonly used as a gene source for breeding T. aestivum, we advocate that care be taken to avoid the transmission of genes responsible for suitability to aphids from emmer to T. aestivum.
- MeSH
- antibióza MeSH
- jedlá semena MeSH
- mšice * MeSH
- pšenice MeSH
- šlechtění rostlin MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Cadmium (Cd) is classified as a serious pollutant due to its high toxicity, high carcinogenicity, and widespread presence in the environment. Phytoremediation represents an effective low-cost approach for removing pollutants from contaminated soils, and a crop with significant phytoremediation potential is flax. However, significant differences in Cd accumulation and tolerance were previously found among commercial flax cultivars. Notably, cv. Jitka showed substantially higher tolerance to elevated Cd levels in soil and plant tissues than cv. Tábor. Here, significant changes in the expression of 14 proteins (related to disease/defense, metabolism, protein destination and storage, signal transduction, energy and cell structure) were detected by image and mass spectrometric analysis of two-dimensionally separated proteins extracted from Cd-treated cell suspension cultures derived from these contrasting cultivars. Further, two proteins, ferritin and glutamine synthetase (a key enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis), were only up-regulated by Cd in cv. Jitka, indicating that Cd tolerance mechanisms in this cultivar may include maintenance of low Cd levels at sensitive sites by ferritin and low-molecular weight thiol peptides binding Cd. The identified changes could facilitate marker-assisted breeding for Cd tolerance and the development of transgenic flax lines with enhanced Cd tolerance and accumulation capacities for phytoremediating Cd-contaminated soils.
- MeSH
- 2D gelová elektroforéza metody MeSH
- kadmium farmakologie MeSH
- len metabolismus MeSH
- proteom účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- proteomika metody MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- viabilita buněk MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Festulolium are hybrids between fescue (Festuca) and ryegrass (Lolium) species and combine high seed yield of ryegrasses with abiotic stress tolerance of fescues. Chromosomes of Festuca and Lolium present in Festulolium freely pair and recombine, which results in highly variable progeny where every single plant has a unique chromosome constitution. Thus, the stability of the genomic composition in Festulolium cultivars is an important issue. In this work, we used in situ hybridization to examine the genomic composition (understood as the proportion of parental genomes present) over 3 consecutive generations of propagation via outcrossing (the first one being the generation used for cultivar registration) of 3 Festulolium cultivars. Our analysis revealed that the genome composition largely differs among the plants from individual cultivars but appears to be relatively stable over the generations. A gradual shift in the genome composition towards Lolium observed in the early generations of hybrids appears to reach a plateau where the proportions of parental genomes become stabilized. Nevertheless, the proportion remains unbalanced to a certain extent (always in favor of the Lolium genome) in each cultivar. Our observations indicate a possibility to modulate genomic composition in hybrids by breeders' selection without a compromise on stability.
The total phenolic content, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, antioxidant capacity and α-amylase inhibitory activity of black (Aydin Siyahi), purple (Kadife Kemer) and white (Trabzon Kadife) eggplants grown in Turkey were subjected to a comparative investigation. The black cultivar exhibited the highest total phenolic (17,193 and 6552 mg gallic acid equivalent/kg fw), flavonoid (3019 and 1160 quercetin equivalent/kg fw) and anthocyanin (1686 and 6167 g delphinidin-3-O-glucoside equivalent/kg fw) contents in crude extracts of the peel and pulp. The majority of the caffeic acid was identified in the ester (2830 mg/kg fw) and ester-bound (2594 mg/kg fw) forms in the peel of 'Kadife Kemer' and in the glycoside form (611.9 mg/kg fw) in 'Aydin Siyahi', as well as in the pulp of these two eggplants. 'Kadife Kemer' (purple eggplant) contained the majority of the chlorogenic acid in free form (27.55 mg/kg fw), compared to 'Aydin Siyahi' in the ester (7.82 mg/kg fw), glycoside (294.1 mg/kg dw) and ester-bound (2.41 mg/kg fw) forms. The eggplant cultivars (peel and pulp, mg/kg fw) exhibited a relatively high delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside concentration in the peel of 'Aydin Siyahi' (avg. 1162), followed by 'Kadife Kemer' (avg. 336.6), and 'Trabzon Kadife' (avg. 215.1). The crude phenolic extracts of the eggplants exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity values (peel and pulp, μmoL Trolox equivalent/kg fw) of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 8156 and 2335) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC, 37,887 and 17,648). The overall results indicate that black and purple eggplants are the cultivars with greater potential benefits in terms of their phenolics and antioxidant values than the white eggplant.
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakty MeSH
Hormonal dynamics after Plasmodiophora brassicae infection were compared in two Brassica napus cultivars-more resistant SY Alister and more sensitive Hornet, in order to elucidate responses associated with efficient defense. Both cultivars responded to infection by the early transient elevation of active cytokinins (predominantly cis-zeatin) and auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in leaves and roots, which was longer in Hornet. Moderate IAA levels in Hornet roots coincided with a high expression of biosynthetic gene nitrilaseNIT1 (contrary to TAA1, YUC8, YUC9). Alister had a higher basal level of salicylic acid (SA), and it stimulated its production (via the expression of isochorismate synthase (ICS1)) in roots earlier than Hornet. Gall formation stimulated cytokinin, auxin, and SA levels-with a maximum 22 days after inoculation (dai). SA marker gene PR1 expression was the most profound at the time point where gall formation began, in leaves, roots, and especially in galls. Jasmonic acid (JA) was higher in Hornet than in Alister during the whole experiment. To investigate SA and JA function, SA was applied before infection, and twice (before infection and 15 dai), and JA at 15 dai. Double SA application diminished gall formation in Alister, and JA promoted gall formation in both cultivars. Activation of SA/JA pathways reflects the main differences in clubroot resistance.
- MeSH
- aminohydrolasy genetika MeSH
- Brassica napus růst a vývoj metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- cyklopentany analýza MeSH
- cytokininy analýza MeSH
- intramolekulární transferasy genetika MeSH
- kořeny rostlin růst a vývoj metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové analýza MeSH
- listy rostlin růst a vývoj metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci rostlin parazitologie MeSH
- odolnost vůči nemocem MeSH
- oxylipiny analýza MeSH
- Plasmodiophorida patogenita MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin analýza MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny genetika MeSH
- vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most valuable cereal crops for human consumption. Its grain storage proteins define bread quality, though they may cause food intolerances or allergies in susceptible individuals. Herein, we discovered a diversity of grain proteins in three Ukrainian wheat cultivars: Sotnytsia, Panna (both modern selection), and Ukrainka (landrace). Firstly, proteins were isolated with a detergent-containing buffer that allowed extraction of various groups of storage proteins (glutenins, gliadins, globulins, and albumins); secondly, the proteome was profiled by the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Using multi-enzymatic digestion, we identified 49 differentially accumulated proteins. Parallel ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography separation followed by direct mass spectrometry quantification complemented the results. Principal component analysis confirmed that differences among genotypes were a major source of variation. Non-gluten fraction better discriminated bread wheat cultivars. Various accumulation of clinically relevant plant proteins highlighted one of the modern genotypes as a promising donor for the breeding of hypoallergenic cereals.
- MeSH
- 2D gelová elektroforéza MeSH
- albuminy chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- chléb analýza MeSH
- gliadin chemie genetika MeSH
- globuliny chemie genetika MeSH
- gluteny chemie genetika MeSH
- jedlá semena chemie genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obilninové proteiny chemie klasifikace MeSH
- proteom genetika MeSH
- pšenice chemie genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH