Úvod a cíl práce: Přítomnost mezizubní papily hraje významnou roli v celkovém estetickém výsledku ošetření, a to hlavně ve viditelných oblastech, jako je papila mezi horními středními řezáky. Cílem této studie bylo sledování faktorů daných kostním podkladem, které mohou ovlivnit vzhled této papily. Metodika: Byla vyšetřena skupina 50 probandů ve věku 20–30 let, se zdravým parodontem. Stav interdentální papily mezi horními centrálními řezáky byl vyhodnocen podle klasifikace navržené Nordlandem and Tarnowem. Z intraorálního snímku byly pomocí počítačového programu změřeny vzdálenosti mezi kostním septem a bodem kontaktu a mezizubní vzdálenost v oblasti cemento-sklovinné hranice. Výsledky: Po analýze dat z měření byla prokázána statisticky signifikantní závislost mezi přítomností mezizubní papily a vzdáleností bodu kontaktu od kostního septa (p < 0,0001). Prokázána byla i závislost přítomnosti papily a mezizubní vzdálenosti (p < 0,0001). Z daných výsledků byla určena hodnota predikce přítomnosti papily pro oba faktory. Závěr: Přítomnost mezizubní papily je ovlivněna různými faktory, ke kterým patří i vzdálenost bodu kontaktu a kostního septa a mezizubní vzdálenost. Změna těchto vzdáleností může ovlivnit celkový estetický výsledek ošetření.

Background: The appearance of interdental papillae plays an important role in the final aesthetic outcome, especially in exposed region as is interdental papilla between central upper incisors. The aim of this study, is to determine factors associated with bone morphology, which can influence the appearance of this papilla. Materials and methods: 50 subjects in the range of 20–30 years of age with healthy periodontal tissues were examined. Presence of interdental papilla between central maxillary incisors was determined using classification proposed by Nordland and Tarnow. Intraoral radiographs were utilized to measure distance from contact point to the crest of bone and interdental distance at the level of cementoenamel junction using a computer programme. Results: Statistically significant correlation between papilla presence and distance from the contact point to the crest of bone (p < 0,0001) was found. Also significant relationship between papilla presence and interdental distance (p < 0,0001) was found. The value of prediction of papilla presence for both factors was inferred from data analysis. Conclusion: Presence of interdental papilla is influenced by various factors, including distance from contact point to the crest of bone and interdental distance. Modification of these distances can influence the final aesthetic outcome.

• Klíčová slova
• interdentální papila, black triangle, mezizubní papila,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• estetika stomatologická * MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Distance-based detection (DbD) on paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs) has emerged as a promising, cost-effective, simple, and instrumentation-free assay method. Broadening the applicability of a new way of immobilization of reagent for DbD on μPADs (DμPADs) is presented, employing an ion exchange (IE) interaction of an anionic metallochromic reagent, 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-[N-n-propyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)amino]phenol (5-Br-PAPS), on the anion-exchange filter paper. The IE DμPADs demonstrate superiority over standard cellulose filter paper in terms of the degree of reagent immobilization, detection sensitivity, and clear detection endpoints due to the strong retention of 5-Br-PAPS. The study investigated various parameters influencing DbD, including 5-Br-PAPS concentrations (0.25-1 mM), buffer types (acetic acid-Tris, MES), buffer concentrations (20-500 mM), and auxiliary complexing agents (acetic, formic, and glycolic acids). Subsequently, the performance of 17 metals (Ag+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, La2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Ti2+, Zn2+, Al3+, As3+, Fe3+, and V4+) was evaluated, with color formation observed for 12 metals. Additionally, the paper surface was examined using SEM and SEM-EDX to verify the suitability of certain areas in the detection channel for reagent immobilization and metal binding. This method demonstrates quantitation limits of metals in the low μg mL-1 range, showing great potential for the rapid screening of toxic metals commonly found in herbal supplements and cosmetics regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Thus, it holds promise for enhancing safety and regulatory compliance in product quality assessment. Furthermore, this method offers a cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and user-friendly approach for the rapid visual quantification of heavy metals for in-field analysis, eliminating the need for complex instrumentation.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Aim: The aim of our research was to find out the position (and its changes over a period of time) of continuing education on the personal work values scale of general nurses working in hospitals in the Czech Republic. Methods: The research was designed as a comparative study (comparison of results from the years 2006, 2011 and 2016). The data were obtained through a questionnaire using Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation. However, the theory was adapted to reflect current conditions of care-givers who work within a multidisciplinary team. The questionnaire aimed at distinguishing the order of the selected factors of working environment, which subsequently created the scale of personal values. 3081 respondents took part in the research in 2006, 1992 respondents in 2011, and 1751 respondents in 2016. The comparative analysis data were processed with the Euclidean distance model and non-parametric tests. Results: In 2006, the possibility to engage in continuing education occupied 8th place on the scale of personal preferences (out of 16), in 2011 it ranked 10th, and 12th in 2016. The research results reveal a long-term tendency towards a decrease of personal preferences regarding continuing education. The decrease was statistically significant between the years 2006 and 2011 and the year 2016 (p < 0.001). The results indicate that with an increasing age the preference for continuing education decreases (p < 0.001). A statistically significant reduction in the preference for continuing education was found in nurses aged approx. 45 years. Conclusions: Highly professional, effective and good quality education (and subsequent continuing education) is essential for the provision of safe and good quality care. A nurse in a managerial position should encourage staff nurses to continually learn irrespective of their age. Only this may lead to a high quality care for patients.

• MeSH
• kontinuální vzdělávání zdravotních sester organizace a řízení   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odborné všeobecné sestry * výchova   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• zdravotní sestry v klinické praxi výchova   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Aim: The aim of our research was to find out the position (and its changes over a period of time) of continuing education on the personal work values scale of general nurses working in hospitals in the Czech Republic. Methods: The research was designed as a comparative study (comparison of results from the years 2006, 2011 and 2016). The data were obtained through a questionnaire using Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation. However, the theory was adapted to reflect current conditions of care-givers who work within a multidisciplinary team. The questionnaire aimed at distinguishing the order of the selected factors of working environment, which subsequently created the scale of personal values. 3081 respondents took part in the research in 2006, 1992 respondents in 2011, and 1751 respondents in 2016. The comparative analysis data were processed with the Euclidean distance model and non-parametric tests. Results: In 2006, the possibility to engage in continuing education occupied 8th place on the scale of personal preferences (out of 16), in 2011 it ranked 10th, and 12th in 2016. The research results reveal a long-term tendency towards a decrease of personal preferences regarding continuing education. The decrease was statistically significant between the years 2006 and 2011 and the year 2016 (p < 0.001). The results indicate that with an increasing age the preference for continuing education decreases (p < 0.001). A statistically significant reduction in the preference for continuing education was found in nurses aged approx. 45 years. Conclusions: Highly professional, effective and good quality education (and subsequent continuing education) is essential for the provision of safe and good quality care. A nurse in a managerial position should encourage staff nurses to continually learn irrespective of their age. Only this may lead to a high quality care for patients.

• MeSH
• kontinuální vzdělávání zdravotních sester MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• nemocnice MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

MOTIVATION: Understanding the architecture and function of RNA molecules requires methods for comparing and analyzing their 3D structures. Although a structural alignment of short RNAs is achievable in a reasonable amount of time, large structures represent much bigger challenge. However, the growth of the number of large RNAs deposited in the PDB database calls for the development of fast and accurate methods for analyzing their structures, as well as for rapid similarity searches in databases. RESULTS: In this article a novel algorithm for an RNA structural comparison SETTER (SEcondary sTructure-based TERtiary Structure Similarity Algorithm) is introduced. SETTER uses a pairwise comparison method based on 3D similarity of the so-called generalized secondary structure units. For each pair of structures, SETTER produces a distance score and an indication of its statistical significance. SETTER can be used both for the structural alignments of structures that are already known to be homologous, as well as for 3D structure similarity searches and functional annotation. The algorithm presented is both accurate and fast and does not impose limits on the size of aligned RNA structures. AVAILABILITY: The SETTER program, as well as all datasets, is freely available from http://siret.cz/hoksza/projects/setter/.

• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• konformace nukleové kyseliny * MeSH
• RNA chemie   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza RNA metody   MeSH
• sekvenční seřazení metody   MeSH
• software * MeSH
• výpočetní biologie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Úvod: Vzdelávanie v ošetrovateľstve prechádza periodickými zmenami v dôsledku neustálej inovácie vzdelávacieho procesu. Inovácia sa neuskutočňuje len v kontexte vzdelávania, ale aj v prospech študentov. Cieľ: Načrtnúť možnosti aplikácie myšlienkových máp do vzdelávania v ošetrovateľstve. Metodika: Rozvoj jednotlivých pojmov pri tvorbe ošetrovateľskej mapy prebiehal postupne podľa zvolenej metodiky, pričom boli študenti kontinuálne facilitovaní a vedení zo strany vyučujúceho počas vyučovacieho procesu. Pre spracovanie máp bol využitý MS Office 365 v aplikácii MS Word. Výsledky: Príspevok prezentuje štyri myšlienkové mapy vplyvu makronutrientov vo výžive a fyzickej aktivity na kardiovaskulárny systém spracované študentmi Ošetrovateľstva a Verejného zdravotníctva. Ich význam vo vzdelávaní bol založený na konštruktivistickom prístupe medzi učiteľom a študentom, ktorý posúval študenta od zapamätania k logickému premýšľaniu a učiteľa k strategickej výučbe predmetu. Naše skúsenosti potvrdzujú i výsledky štúdií, ktoré prezentujú myšlienkovú mapu ako inovatívnu metódu zmysluplného učenia, získavania informácií a sebahodnotenia. Záver: Myšlienkovú mapu možno považovať za alternatívnu výučbovú stratégiu, ktorá umožňuje študentom rozvíjať schopnosti, organizovať a zoskupovať informácie zmysluplným spôsobom.

Introduction: Nursing education undergoes periodic changes due to the constant innovation of the educational process. Innovation takes place not only in the context of education, but also for the benefit of students. Goal: Point out the possibilities of applying thought maps to nursing education. Methodology: The development of individual concepts in the creation of the nursing map took place gradually according to the chosen methodology, while the students were continuously facilitated and guided by the teacher during the teaching process. MS Office 365 in MS Word was used for maping. Results: The paper presents four mind maps of the influence of macronutrients in nutrition and physical activity on the cardiovascular system prepared by students of Nursing and Public Health. Their importance in education was based on a constructivist approach between teacher and student, which moved the student from memory to logical thinking and the teacher to strategic teaching of the subject. Our experience is also confirmed by the results of studies that present a mind map as an innovative method of meaningful learning, information acquisition and self-evaluation.Conclusion: A mind map can be considered as an alternative learning strategy that allows students to develop skills, organize and group information in a meaningful way.

• MeSH
• distanční studium MeSH
• kardiovaskulární systém MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapy jako téma MeSH
• myšlení MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• problémově orientovaná výuka metody   MeSH
• studium ošetřovatelství vysokoškolské * metody   MeSH
• učení MeSH
• vzdělávací modely MeSH
• živiny MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

PURPOSE: Ion beam radiotherapy offers enhances dose conformity to the tumor volume while better sparing healthy tissue compared to conventional photon radiotherapy. However, the increased dose gradient also makes it more sensitive to uncertainties. While the most important uncertainty source is the patient itself, the beam delivery is also subject to uncertainties. Most of the proton therapy centers used cyclotrons, which deliver typically a stable beam over time, allowing a continuous extraction of the beam. Carbon-ion beam radiotherapy (CIRT) in contrast uses synchrotrons and requires a larger and energy-dependent extrapolation of the nozzle-measured positions to obtain the lateral beam positions in the isocenter, since the nozzle-to-isocenter distance is larger than for cyclotrons. Hence, the control of lateral pencil beam positions at isocenter in CIRT is more sensitive to uncertainties than in proton radiotherapy. Therefore, an independent monitoring of the actual lateral positions close to the isocenter would be very valuable and provide additional information. However, techniques capable to do so are scarce, and they are limited in precision, accuracy and effectivity. METHODS: The detection of secondary ions (charged nuclear fragments) has previously been exploited for the Bragg peak position of C-ion beams. In our previous work, we investigated for the first time the feasibility of lateral position monitoring of pencil beams in CIRT. However, the reported precision and accuracy were not sufficient for a potential implementation into clinical practice. In this work, it is shown how the performance of the method is improved to the point of clinical relevance. To minimize the observed uncertainties, a mini-tracker based on hybrid silicon pixel detectors was repositioned downstream of an anthropomorphic head phantom. However, the secondary-ion fluence rate in the mini-tracker rises up to 1.5 × 105 ions/s/cm2 , causing strong pile-up of secondary-ion signals. To solve this problem, we performed hardware changes, optimized the detector settings, adjusted the setup geometry and developed new algorithms to resolve ambiguities in the track reconstruction. The performance of the method was studied on two treatment plans delivered with a realistic dose of 3 Gy (RBE) and averaged dose rate of 0.27 Gy/s at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT) in Germany. The measured lateral positions were compared to reference beam positions obtained either from the beam nozzle or from a multi-wire proportional chamber positioned at the room isocenter. RESULTS: The presented method is capable to simultaneously monitor both lateral pencil beam coordinates over the entire tumor volume during the treatment delivery, using only a 2-cm2 mini-tracker. The effectivity (defined as the fraction of analyzed pencil beams) was 100%. The reached precision of (0.6 to 1.5) mm and accuracy of (0.5 to 1.2) mm are in line with the clinically accepted uncertainty for QA measurements of the lateral pencil beam positions. CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that the performance of the method for a non-invasive lateral position monitoring of pencil beams is sufficient for a potential clinical implementation. The next step is to evaluate the method clinically in a group of patients in a future observational clinical study.

• MeSH
• celková dávka radioterapie MeSH
• ionty MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metoda Monte Carlo MeSH
• plánování radioterapie pomocí počítače MeSH
• protonová terapie * MeSH
• radioterapie těžkými ionty * MeSH
• uhlík MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

(1) Background: Breathing economy during endurance sports plays a major role in performance. Poor breathing economy is mainly characterized by excessive breathing frequency (BF) and low tidal volume (VT) due to shallow breathing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a 4 week intervention based on the Wim Hof breathing method (WHBM) would improve breathing economy during exercise in adolescent runners. (2) Methods: 19 adolescent (16.6 ± 1.53 years) middle- and long-distance runners (11 boys and 8 girls) participated in the study. Participants were randomly divided into experimental (n = 11) and control groups (n = 8). The study was set in the transition period between competitive race seasons and both groups had a similar training program in terms of running volume and intensity over the course of the study. The experimental group performed breathing exercises every day (~20 min/day) for 4 weeks. The control group did not perform any kind of breathing exercise. The breathing exercises consisted of three sets of controlled hyperventilation and consecutive maximum breath holds. Before and after the intervention, participants performed incremental cycle ergometer testing sessions consisting of two minute stages at 1, 2, 3, and 4 W·kg-1 with breath-by-breath metabolic analysis. During the testing sessions, BF, VT, and minute ventilation (VE) were assessed and compared. (3) Results: There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in BF, VT, or VE between experimental and control groups before or after the intervention. A nonsignificant small-to-large effect for an increase in VE and BF in both groups following the 4 week intervention period was observed, possibly due to a reduction in training volume and intensity owing to the down period between competitive seasons. (4) Conclusions: The 4 week intervention of WHBM did not appear to alter parameters of breathing economy during a maximal graded exercise test in adolescent runners.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A neutral marker of the EOF can gain a nonzero effective mobility because of its possible interaction with a charged complexing agent, such as a chiral selector in CE. We determined effective mobilities of four compounds often used as EOF markers (dimethyl sulfoxide, mesityl oxide, nitromethane, and thiourea) in the BGE-containing sulfated β-CD (60 g/L). All the compounds studied were measurably mobilized by their interaction with the selector. The highest effective mobility (-3.0·10(-9) m(2) s(-1) V(-1)) was observed for thiourea and the lowest (-1.5·10(-9) m(2) s(-1) V(-1)) for dimethyl sulfoxide and nitromethane. The mobilities were determined by a new two-detector pressure mobilization method (2d method), which we propose, and the results were confirmed by standard CE measurements. In the 2d method, one marker zone is situated in the BGE containing the charged selector, while the second marker zone is surrounded with a selector-free BGE, which prevents its complexation. The initial distance between the two marker zones equals the capillary length from the inlet to the first detector. After a brief voltage application, the final distance between the marker zones is determined based on known capillary length from the first to the second detector. The difference between these two distances determines the effective mobility.

• MeSH
• aceton chemie   MeSH
• beta-cyklodextriny chemie   MeSH
• chemické modely * MeSH
• dimethylsulfoxid chemie   MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární metody   MeSH
• elektrolyty chemie   MeSH
• elektroosmóza metody   MeSH
• hexanony chemie   MeSH
• methan analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• nitroparafiny chemie   MeSH
• thiomočovina chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In the last decade, organoids became a tremendously popular technique in developmental and cancer biology for their high pathophysiological relevance to in vivo models with the advantage of easier manipulation, real-time observation, potential for high-throughput studies, and reduced ethical issues. Among other fundamental biological questions, mammary organoids have helped to reveal mechanisms of mammary epithelial morphogenesis, mammary stem cell potential, regulation of lineage specification, mechanisms of breast cancer invasion or resistance to therapy, and their regulation by stromal microenvironment. To exploit the potential of organoid technology to the fullest, together with optimal organoid culture protocols, visualization of organoid architecture and composition in high resolution in three dimensions (3D) is required. Whole-mount imaging of immunolabeled organoids enables preservation of the 3D cellular context, but conventional confocal microscopy of organoid cultures struggles with the large organoid sample size and relatively long distance from the objective to the organoid due to the 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds the organoid. We have overcome these issues by physical separation of single organoids with their immediate stroma from the bulk ECM. Here we provide a detail protocol for the procedure, which entails single organoid collection and droplet-based staining and clearing to allow visualization of organoids in the greatest detail.

• MeSH
• barvení a značení MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• organoidy * MeSH
• prsy MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH