BACKGROUND: A high-quality research identifying the best physiotherapeutic approach for the improvement of balance in people with multiple sclerosis is missing. This study compared aspects of balance improvement such as therapy specificity to balance, therapy method and category, country, intensity and medical conditions. METHODS: A multicentric randomised rater-blinded controlled trial comprised three different physiotherapy programs (Czech and Italian outpatient or inpatient programs). All patients received 20 therapy sessions. Experimental group underwent balance specific physiotherapy (it was Motor Program Activating Therapy in the Czech cohort and Sensory-motor Integration Training in the Italian cohort), control group underwent non-balance specific physiotherapy (it was Vojta reflex locomotion in the Czech cohort and conventional dynamic strengthening exercises in the Italian cohort, respectively). Static balance was evaluated by Berg Balance Scale and dynamic balance was assessed by Timed Up-and-Go Test. RESULTS: A total of 149 patients entered the study. Physiotherapy significantly improved static balance (p < 0.0001, increase by mean 2.6 points (95% confidence interval 2.0-3.5) in BBS score). Balance specific approach had a higher effect than non-specific balance approach (increase in BBS by 1.9 points, 95% confidence interval 0.9-3.7 points). The intensity of the physiotherapy significantly influenced static balance (BBS by 2.7 points higher in the inpatient setting, p= 0.007). Dynamic balance was also improved (TUG decrease by -0.8 s (95% CI -1.4 - -0.1s, p = 0.011)); the balance specificity had no impact. The level of disability played the most important role (p= 0.022). CONCLUSION: Although the overall changes in static and dynamic balance were statistically significant, they were quite small in a clinical sense. A small statistically significant difference between balance specific and non-specific treatment was found. It seems that a high intensity of the therapy is critical to maximize the effectiveness.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Single-Blind Method MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Postural Balance physiology MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Multiple Sclerosis rehabilitation MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Exercise Therapy methods MeSH
- Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
Electrochemical conversion of fesoterodine to one of its oxidation products was evaluated with the application of the wall-jet flow cell. A traditional, "static" mode of electrolysis was compared with the "dynamic" mode of cell performance. For statistical assessment of the data, experiments were planned and performed with the application of design of experiments approach, namely Taguchi L18 design. After screening phase, the experimental settings were broadened or adjusted according to the results and optimization was performed. All of the samples were electrolysed with the use of chronoamperometric method in a three electrode system. The electrolysed samples were analysed using UHPLC-PDA-QDA method. The chromatographic run was performed in gradient elution with the application of C8 column. The response was expressed as % area of the main peak found with the PDA detection method whereas QDA detector was used in positive SIM mode for structural confirmation. All data obtained for both screening and optimization were treated together and linear models were adjusted. The use of large-surface glassy carbon electrode along with pH~7 were found to be the most significant factors influencing electrochemical oxidation of fesoterodine in both modes. The major differences were identified in terms of voltage applied to the electrodes which yielded the highest amounts of oxidation product. Evolution of electrochemical methods may serve as complementary technique in stress degradation studies in pharmaceutical industry.
This case study describes the experimental determination of displacements and stresses on a composite model of a pelvis that was modified to represent a healthy intact pelvic ring. The modified model was stressed statically up to 1750 N to simulate standing on one leg and also cyclically to model walking. For two different model settings in the loading machine the values of displacements and stresses at the pelvic ring were determined. The two different settings correspond to two different loading vectors applied on the pelvic ring, boundary conditions and degrees of freedom. The experimentally determined values of displacements in both settings are very similar and in accordance with the knowledge on the behaviour of a real human pelvis. The modified model is thus suitable for testing of newly developed implants for pelvis treatment and experimental determination of displacements and stresses in pelvic ring which are caused by application of implants.
- MeSH
- Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pelvis * MeSH
- Pelvic Bones * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Objectives: The medially spherical GMK Sphere (Medacta International AG, Castel San Pietro, Switzerland) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was previously shown to accommodate lateral rollback while pivoting around a stable medial compartment, aiming to replicate native knee kinematics in which some coronal laxity, especially laterally, is also present. We assess coronal plane kinematics of the GMK Sphere and explore the occurrence and pattern of articular separation during static and dynamic activities. Methods: Using pulsed fluoroscopy and image matching, the coronal kinematics and articular surface separation of 16 well-functioning TKAs were studied during weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing, static, and dynamic activities. The closest distances between the modelled articular surfaces were examined with respect to knee position, and proportions of joint poses exhibiting separation were computed. Results: Overall, 1717 joint poses were analyzed. At a 1.0 mm detection threshold, 37 instances of surface separation were observed in the lateral compartment and four medially (p < 0.001). Separation was activity-dependent, both laterally and medially (p < 0.001), occurring more commonly during static deep flexion in the lateral compartment, and during static rotation in the medial compartment. Lateral separation occurred more frequently than medial during kneeling (7/14 lateral vs 1/14 medial; p = 0.031) and stepping (20/1022 lateral vs 0/1022 medial; p < 0.001). Separation varied significantly between individuals during dynamic activities. Conclusion: No consistent association between closest distances of the articular surfaces and knee position was found during any activity. Lift-off was infrequent and depended on the activity performed and the individual knee. Lateral separation was consistent with the design rationale. Medial lift-off was rare and mostly in non-weight-bearing activities.Cite this article: S. Key, G. Scott, J.G. Stammers, M. A. R. Freeman†, V. Pinskerova, R. E. Field, J. Skinner, S. A. Banks. Does lateral lift-off occur in static and dynamic activity in a medially spherical total knee arthroplasty? A pulsed-fluoroscopic investigation. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:207-215. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.85.BJR-2018-0237.R1.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The severity of metabolic syndrome is usually determined according to static variables (blood glucose, insulin level, body mass index etc.) The most important classification is dynamic and prognostic classification which can be used to determine the ability to decrease elevated metabolite and hormone levels or to lose weight. Different mathematical approaches were used to determine these phenomena: 1. Mathematical modelling e.g. (Bergman minimal model or glycation model). 2. Predictive calculations using multiple regression (using static and dynamic parameters to determine weight loss in obesity treatment). 3. One day starvation test (finding very variable hormone and metabolic changes in obese patients). We can conclude There are 3 types of metabolic parameters: A. Static (basic) description, B. Functional (actual) description, C. Dynamic-stability describing variables. Mathematical modelling is a complicated method needing many blood samples. It is very invasive for patients and it is difficult to be repeated. Predictive importance can have also repeated measured metabolic data which are able to classify the stability (fixation) of metabolic state. Some basic parameters and simple dynamic tests like one day starvation test can be used in prognostic classification of patients who are able to change their fixed metabolic state.
This study attempted to compare the muscle fiber morphological responses to dynamic electrical muscle stimulation (DEMS) and dynamic hydraulic stimulation (DHS) in rats under hindlimb suspension (HLS). DEMS at 1 Hz, 50 Hz and 100 Hz for 10 min/day, 5 days/week were introduced to the animals' right quadriceps. Static and 2 Hz DHS were introduced to the right tibiae of other animal groups on a "10 min on - 5 min off - 10 min on" loading regime for 5 days/week. In the end of the 4-week experiments, histological changes in the corresponding soleus, gastrocnemius and quadriceps of the stimulated sites were examined. Compared to age-matched, HLS led to muscle atrophy and strongly reduced muscle wet weights and averaged cross-sectional fiber areas. Among the tested DEMS frequencies, the averaged cross-sectional quadriceps fiber area in the 50 Hz group was 29 % larger than the 100 Hz group. In contrast, difference in the muscle fiber response to the static and 2 Hz DHS was not observed in either soleus or gastrocnemius. Muscle fiber morphological responses to the active DEMS was in a load frequency dependent manner under disuse condition. Relatively passive compressions, either via static or 2Hz DHS, were unable to induce any difference in the muscle fiber responses under functional disuse.
- MeSH
- Electric Stimulation methods MeSH
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal physiology MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Stress, Mechanical * MeSH
- Random Allocation MeSH
- Organ Culture Techniques MeSH
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- Muscle Contraction physiology MeSH
- Hindlimb Suspension methods physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
Chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite composites based on scallop shells (CP12, CP14 and CP21) were prepared with different chitosan: nanohydroxyapatite ratios (1:2, 1:4 and 2:1, respectively). Nanohydroxyapatite (P), chitosan(C) and their composites were characterized by means of TGA, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, SEM, Zeta potential and FTIR. The BET surface area ranged between 189 and 512 m2/g. Static adsorption of Hg+2 was tested for the effect of adsorbent dosage, pH, time and initial Hg+2 concentrations indicating that maximum static adsorption capacity was confirmed by CP12 (111.6 mg/g). Static adsorption well fitted with Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Pseudo-second order kinetic models. CP12 was selected for dynamic adsorption of Hg+2 considering the effect of bed height, flow rate and the effect of Hg+2 concentrations. Maximum dynamic adsorption capacity was confirmed at bed height of 3 cm, 2.0 mL/min flow rate and 300 mg/L as Hg+2 concentration with breakthrough time (tb) and exhaustion time (te) of 9 and 21 h. Yoon-Nelson and Thomas models best described the experimental Hg+2 breakthrough curve model. After static adsorption, EDTA solution confirmed the maximum desorption efficiency. The validity of CP12 was tested through three cycles of column dynamic adsorption-desorption.
- MeSH
- Adsorption MeSH
- Water Pollutants, Chemical chemistry isolation & purification MeSH
- Chitosan chemistry isolation & purification MeSH
- Durapatite chemistry MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
- Nanocomposites chemistry MeSH
- Mercury chemistry isolation & purification MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Fröhlich model describes emission of electromagnetic field in the interior of biological cells by oscillating polar units, now mostly identified with microtubule filaments. Central element of this theory is the system of rate equations for the quantum occupancy numbers n i of collective oscillation modes. These equations describe both linear and nonlinear properties of the system; presence of the latter can lead to condensation of the incoming energy into the lowest frequency mode - a phenomenon deemed to be of major importance for cell's biochemistry, because the excited mode can engage in chemical reactions while the major part of the system remains near the equilibrium, not exposed to energetic stress. This paper explores, using a simple model, the influence of strong static electric field created by mitochondria flanking the microtubules on nonlinear interactions and, in turn, on occupancy numbers. The computed results show that simultaneous presence of both sufficient metabolic pumping and adequately elevated static electric field is necessary for the full unfolding of the hallmark properties of the Fröhlich model. It is suggested that cancer-related mitochondrial dysfunction leading to metabolic transformation has additional adverse effect mediated by diminution of static fields which in turn reduces the nonlinear processes in the Fröhlich systems, essential for energy condensation in the fundamental mode.
