The paper presents philosophical thematization of space in relation to sporting and motor activities, which specifically define the horizon of potential possibilities of man. Philo- sophically thematized space represents a space and time-related structure dependent on the physical facticity of human existence, which leads to the origination of a specific space for life referred to as “space for me”. Through this process emerges a specific type of space – security, safety, home, which is formed by original archetypal structures. The rejection to phenomenologically thematize the topic of space may result in illusion that “my space” is “space for all”. The explication of the interactions represents a predisposition for method- ological formation of relations of intersubjective phenomena and mutual space, where the social life is present. This context includes the axiological dimension of the phenomenon of sport, which creates global space for free human life – in the context of postmodern world, which respects the plurality of individual axiological spaces in specific subcultures (mountain climbers, cyclists, runners, skateboardists, snowboardists, golf players, etc.).

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokomoce fyziologie   MeSH
• osobní prostor MeSH
• prostorové chování fyziologie   MeSH
• sporty fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The loss of control of cell proliferation, apoptosis regulation and contact inhibition leads to tumor development. While benign tumors are restricted to their primary space, i.e. where these tumors first originate, the metastatic tumors not only disseminate- facilitated by hypoxia-driven neovascularization- to distant secondary sites but also show substantial changes in metabolism, tissue architectures, gene expression profiles and immune phenotypes. All these alterations result in radio-, chemo- and immune-resistance rendering these metastatic tumor cells refractory to therapy. Since the beginning of the transformation, these factors- which influence each other- are incorporated to the developing and metastasizing tumor. As a result, the complexities in the heterogeneity of tumor progressively increase. This space-time function in the heterogeneity of tumors is generated by various conditions and factors at the genetic as well as microenvironmental levels, for example, endogenous retroviruses, methylation and epigenetic dysregulation that may be etiology-specific, cancer associated inflammation, remodeling of the extracellular matrix and mesenchymal cell shifted functions. On the one hand, these factors may cause de-differentiation of the tumor cells leading to cancer stem cells that contribute to radio-, chemo- and immune-resistance and recurrence of tumors. On the other hand, they may also enhance the heterogeneity under specific microenvironment-driven proliferation. In this editorial, we intend to underline the importance of heterogeneity in cancer progress, its evaluation and its use in correlation with the tumor evolution in a specific patient as a field of research for achieving precise patient-tailored treatments and amelioration of diagnostic (monitoring) tools and prognostic capacity.

• MeSH
• extracelulární matrix MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové kmenové buňky MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí genetika   MeSH
• nádory * genetika   MeSH
• patologická angiogeneze MeSH
• proliferace buněk genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NLK Obory
• hyperbarická a letecká medicína

The ability of human cells to adapt to space radiation is essential for the well-being of astronauts during long-distance space expeditions, such as voyages to Mars or other deep space destinations. However, the adaptation of the microbiomes should not be overlooked. Microorganisms inside an astronaut's body, or inside the space station or other spacecraft, will also be exposed to radiation, which may induce resistance to antibiotics, UV, heat, desiccation, and other life-threatening factors. Therefore, it is essential to consider the potential effects of radiation not only on humans but also on their microbiomes to develop effective risk reduction strategies for space missions. Studying the human microbiome in space missions can have several potential benefits, including but not limited to a better understanding of the major effects space travel has on human health, developing new technologies for monitoring health and developing new radiation therapies and treatments. While radioadaptive response in astronauts' cells can lead to resistance against high levels of space radiation, radioadaptive response in their microbiome can lead to resistance against UV, heat, desiccation, antibiotics, and radiation. As astronauts and their microbiomes compete to adapt to the space environment. The microorganisms may emerge as the winners, leading to life-threatening situations due to lethal infections. Therefore, understanding the magnitude of the adaptation of microorganisms before launching a space mission is crucial to be able to develop effective strategies to mitigate the risks associated with radiation exposure. Ensuring the safety and well-being of astronauts during long-duration space missions and minimizing the risks linked with radiation exposure can be achieved by adopting this approach.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Despite the fact that metabolic studies played a prominent role in the early history of developmental biology research, the field of developmental metabolism was largely ignored following the advent of modern molecular biology. Metabolism, however, has recently re-emerged as a focal point of biomedical studies and, as a result, developmental biologists are once again exploring the chemical and energetic forces that shape growth, development and maturation. In May 2017, a diverse group of scientists assembled at the EMBO/EMBL Symposium 'Metabolism in Time and Space' to discuss how metabolism influences cellular and developmental processes. The speakers not only described how metabolic flux adapts to the energetic needs of a developing organism, but also emphasized that metabolism can directly regulate developmental progression. Overall, and as we review here, this interdisciplinary meeting provided a valuable forum to explore the interface between developmental biology and metabolism.

• MeSH
• buněčný cyklus MeSH
• imunita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolismus * MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• vývoj rostlin MeSH
• vývojová biologie * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

A hallmark of oocyte development in mammals is the dependence on the translation and utilization of stored RNA and proteins rather than the de novo transcription of genes in order to sustain meiotic progression and early embryo development. In the absence of transcription, the completion of meiosis and early embryo development in mammals relies significantly on maternally synthesized RNAs. Post-transcriptional control of gene expression at the translational level has emerged as an important cellular function in normal development. Therefore, the regulation of gene expression in oocytes is controlled almost exclusively at the level of mRNA and protein stabilization and protein synthesis. This current review is focused on the recently emerged findings on RNA distribution related to the temporal and spatial translational control of the meiotic progression of the mammalian oocyte.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• meióza MeSH
• oocyty cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• oogeneze MeSH
• proteosyntéza * MeSH
• RNA analýza   genetika   MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Many women experience giving birth as a negative or even as a traumatic event. Birth space and its occupants are fundamentally interconnected with negative and traumatic experiences, highlighting the importance of the social space of birth. AIM: To explore experiences of women who have had a negative or traumatic birth to identify the value, sense and meaning they assign to the social space of birth. METHODS: A feminist standpoint theory guided the research. Secondary discourse analysis of 51 qualitative data sets/transcripts from Dutch and Czech Republic postpartum women and 551 free-text responses of the Babies Born Better survey from women in the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Spain, and the Czech Republic. FINDINGS: Three themes and associated sub-themes emerged: 1. The institutional dimension of social space related to staff-imposed boundaries, rules and regulations surrounding childbirth, and a clinical atmosphere. 2. The relational dimension of social space related to negative women-healthcare provider interactions and relationships, including notions of dominance, power, authority, and control. 3. The personal dimension of social space related to how women internalised and were affected by the negative social dimensions including feelings of faith misplaced, feeling disconnected and disembodied, and scenes of horror. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that improving the quality of the social space of birth may promote better birth experiences for women. The institutional, relational, and personal dimensions of the social space of birth are key in the planning, organisation, and provision of maternity care.

• MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poporodní období MeSH
• porod MeSH
• porodnictví * MeSH
• služby zdravotní péče o matku * MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vedení porodu škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Omentální torze je vzácnou náhlou příhodou břišní. Vzácně je diagnostikována předoperačně, neboť podle své lokalizace v dutině břišní svým klinickým průběhem poměrně přesně imituje jiné a častější diagnózy, které jsou důvodem operační revize. V této práci autoři prezentují případ omentální torze s nekrotizací části předstěry v pravém podžebří, imitující akutní cholecystitidu. Stav byl vyřešen laparoskopickou resekcí s dobrým pooperačním průběhem.

Omental torsion is a rare cause of abdominal emergency. Due to its clinical presentation and according to its localisation it is seldom diagnosed preoperatively as it imitates other more common diagnoses leading to surgical revision quite precisely. In this case report the authors present omental torsion with partial omental necrotisation in the right upper quadrant, imitating acute cholecystitis. The condition was managed by laparoscopic resection with a good clinical course postoperatively.

• Klíčová slova
• torze omenta,
• MeSH
• akutní bolest břicha etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci peritonea chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   komplikace   MeSH
• omentum * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• torzní deformity * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   komplikace   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

The major mission of the cell division cycle is a faithful and complete duplication of the genome followed by an equal partitioning of chromosomes to subsequent cell generations. In this review, we discuss the advances in our understanding of how mammalian cells control the fidelity of these fundamental processes when exposed to diverse genotoxic insults. We focus on the most recent insights into the molecular pathways that link the sites of DNA lesions with the cell cycle machinery in specific phases of the cell cycle. We also highlight the potential of a new technology allowing direct visualization of molecular interactions and redistribution of checkpoint proteins in live cell nuclei, and document the emerging significance of live-cell imaging for elucidation of the spatio-temporal organization of the DNA damage response network.

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• buněčné jádro metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčný cyklus * MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• checkpoint kinasa 2 MeSH
• DNA genetika   MeSH
• G1 fáze MeSH
• G2 fáze MeSH
• genom MeSH
• jaderné proteiny fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely genetické MeSH
• oprava DNA * MeSH
• poškození DNA * MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny buněčného cyklu fyziologie   MeSH
• S fáze MeSH
• signální transdukce * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

BACKGROUND: Medical emergencies frequently occur in commercial airline flights, but valid data on causes and consequences are rare. Therefore, optimal extent of onboard emergency medical equipment remains largely unknown. Whereas a minimum standard is defined in regulations, additional material is not standardized and may vary significantly between airlines. METHODS: European airlines operating aircrafts with at least 30 seats were selected and interviewed with a 5-page written questionnaire including 81 items. Besides pre-packed and required emergency medical material, drugs, medical devices, and equipment lists were queried. If no reply was received, airlines were contacted up to three times by email and/or phone. Descriptive analysis was used for data interpretation. RESULTS: From a total of 305 European airlines, 253 were excluded from analysis (e.g., no passenger transport). 52 airlines were contacted and data of 22 airlines were available for analysis (one airline was excluded due to insufficient data). A first aid kit is available on all airlines. 82% of airlines (18/22) reported to have a "doctor's kit" (DK) or an "Emergency Medical Kit" (EMK) onboard. 86% of airlines (19/22) provide identical equipment in all aircraft of the fleet, and 65% (14/22) airlines provide an automated external defibrillator. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas minimal required material according to European aviation regulations is provided by all airlines for medical emergencies, there are significant differences in availability of the additional material. The equipment of most airlines is not sufficient for treatment of specific emergencies according to published in-flight medical guidelines (e.g., for CPR or acute myocardial infarction).

• MeSH
• letadla MeSH
• letecké a kosmické lékařství * MeSH
• letectví * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhlé příhody MeSH
• první pomoc MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH