Autor se zabývá suicidálním jednáním, při němž bylo jako způsobu použito intoxikace medika- menty. Zjišťuje, že u pacientů, kteří byli po takové intoxikaci hospitalizováni na metabolické jednotce interní kliniky FN Motol, byla ve více než 86 procentech použita psychofarmaka, nejčastěji benzodiazepiny. Poukazuje na to, že terapeutické prostředky se staly způsobem ohrožení života. Zdůrazňuje nutnost posouzení psychického stavu pacienta, dynamiky účinku léku i jeho toxicity při ordinování psychofarmak.

The author discusses suicidal action where intoxication with drugs was used. He finds that in patients who after such intoxication were admitted to the metabolic unit of the Medical Clinic, Faculty Hospital Prague Motol, used in more than 81 % psychopharmaceutical preparations, most frequently benzodiazepines. Attention is drawn to the fact therapeutic preparations threaten life. The author emphasises the necessity to evaluate the patient’s mental condition, the dynamics of action of the drug and its toxicity when prescribing psychopharmaceutical preparations.

• MeSH
• benzodiazepiny MeSH
• lékové předpisy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• otrava diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• pokus o sebevraždu MeSH
• psychotropní léky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Práce seznamuje s technikou paradoxní intence, kterou popsal V. E. Frankl, zakladatel logoterapie. Popisuje mechanizmus působení paradoxní intence, vliv vtipu a humoru na léčbu neuróz. V kazuistikách ukazuje její uplatnění v praxi.

This paper offers an acquainting with a technique of paradoxical intention, which has been described by V. E. Frankl, a founder of the logotherapy. He describes the mechanism of the effects of the technique of paradoxical intention and the influence of the joke and sense of humor on the treatment of neurosis. In case reports it shows its exercising in the practice.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• existencialismus MeSH
• kreativita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychoterapeutické procesy MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy MeSH
• vtip a humor jako téma psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Intention is a proximal predictor of behavior in many theories of behavior change, but intentions to be physically active do not always translate to actual physical activity. Little research has examined intensive longitudinal changes in physical activity and corresponding within-person moderators needed to elucidate the mechanisms, hurdles, and facilitators of individuals' everyday physical activity behaviors. The present study set out to evaluate the possible moderators of the intention-physical activity relationship across within-person and between-person levels, including cross-level interactions. Data comprise the first intensive measurement burst (14 days) of the longitudinal prospective Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment (HAIE) study, with N = 1135 participants (N = 10,030 person-days), aged 18-65. Physical activity was operationalized as step counts measured objectively using Fitbit Charge 3/4 fitness monitor. Intention, barriers to physical activity, and social support for physical activity were measured daily via smartphone surveys. Stable characteristics, i.e., physical activity habit and exercise identity, were measured using an online questionnaire. A multilevel moderation regression model with Bayesian estimator was fitted. At the within-person level, the relation between intention and steps was weaker on days when barriers were more severe than usual for a given person (Estimate = -0.267; CI95 = [-0.340, -0.196]) and social support was below average for a given person (Est = 0.143; CI95 = [0.023, 0.262]). Additionally, the daily intention-behavior relationship was stronger for people with lower average severity of barriers (Est = -0.153; CI95 = [-0.268, -0.052]), higher exercise identity (Est = 0.300; CI95 = [0.047, 0.546]), men (Est = -1.294, CI95 = [-1.854, -0.707]), and older individuals (Est = 0.042, CI95 = [0.017, 0.064]). At the between-person level, only physical activity habit strengthened the intention-behavior link (Est = 0.794; CI95 = [0.090, 1.486]). Our results underscore the need to separate the between-person differences from the within-person fluctuations to better understand the individual dynamics in physical activity behaviors. Personalized interventions aimed at helping individuals translate intentions to actual physical activity could be tailored and become more intensive when there is a higher risk of intention-behavior gap on a given day for a specific individual (i.e., a day with more severe barriers and less social support), by increasing the dosage or deploying more precisely targeted intervention strategies and components. In addition, interventionists should take gender and age into account when tailoring everyday strategies to help individuals act on their intentions.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• úmysl * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cieľom štúdie je overenie psychometrických vlastností škál ARIS – Škály zámeru k aktivizmu a radikalizmu. Škála je tvorená ôsmimi položkami, ktoré sýtia 2 faktory: Zámer k aktivizmu AIS a Zámer k radikalizmu RIS. Škála bola administrovaná študentom (n = 946) vo veku od 14 do 21 rokov. Z celkového počtu respondentov bolo 74,0 % žien. Za účelom overenia nástroja bola použitá konfirmačná faktorová analýza CFA, metódou ML, s posudzovaním fit indexov. Spoľahlivosť nástroja bola overená pomocou koeficientov Cronbachova α a McDonaldova ω. Na základe štatistických analýz bolo zistené, že dáta primerane opisujú model, a výsledky podporili dvojfaktorovú štruktúru slovenskej verzie nástroja, χ2 (58) = 94,406; p < 0,002; RMSEA = 0,052 (90 % CI 0,032–0,071); CFI = 0,981 a TLI = 0,982. Reliabilita nástroja bola vysoká a jednotlivým škálam boli namerané nasledovné hodnoty: AIS: α = 0,840, ω = 0,839; RIS: α = 0,820, ω = 0,818. Na základe výsledkov bolo zistené, že slovenská verzia škály ARIS dosahovala primerané psychometrické vlastnosti pre účely výskumu.

The aim of the study is to verify the psychometric properties of the ARIS scales - The Activism and Radicalism Intention Scales. The scale consists of eight items that saturate 2 factors: Activism Intention AIS and Radicalism Intention RIS. The scale was administered to students (n = 946) aged between 14 to 21 years. Of the total number of respondents, 74.0% were women. In order to verify the tool, a confirmatory factor analysis CFA, using the ML method, was used, with assessment of fit indices. The reliability of the tool was verified using Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω coefficients. Based on statistical analyses, it was found that the data adequately describe the model, and the results supported the two-factor structure of the Slovak version of the tool, χ2 (58) = 94.406; p < 0.002; RMSEA = 0.052 (90% CI 0.032-0.071); CFI = 0.981 a TLI = 0.982. The reliability of the tool was high, and the following values were measured for individual scales: AIS: α = 0.840, ω = 0.839; RIS: α = 0.820, ω = 0.818. Based on the results, it was found that the Slovak version of the ARIS scale achieved adequate psychometric properties for research purposes.

• Klíčová slova
• radikalizmus, extrémizmus, ARIS,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý psychologie   MeSH
• politický aktivismus MeSH
• psychometrie * metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• úmysl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý psychologie   MeSH

Nedostatek zdravotnických pracovníků je v současné době považován za závažný celosvětový problém. Vzhledem k očekávaným demografickým změnám se dá předpokládat ještě jeho další eskalace v budoucnu. Zabránění odchodu zkušených a kvalifikovaných sester z profese může být pro řešení tohoto problému klíčové. V současné době dostupná data naznačují, že důvodem rozhodnutí o změně profese u sester nemusí být pouze nedostatečné finanční ohodnocení nebo individuální charakteristiky sester, ale především velké množství faktorů týkajících se kvality jejich pracovního prostředí. Tyto faktory přitom mají vliv nejen na narůstající fluktuaci sester, ale také negativně ovlivňují kvalitu poskytované zdravotní péče. Řešení kvality pracovního prostředí zdravotnických pracovníků včetně sester se zdá být pro dosažení jejich optimálního počtu v budoucnu zásadní, stejně jako pro dosažení optimální úrovně kvality poskytované péče.

The shortage of healthcare workers is currently considered a serious global problem. This could be further escalated due to theexpected demographic changes in the future. Finding a solution how to prevent qualified and experienced nurses from leavingtheir profession may be critical. Currently available evidence suggests that the main reason for a decision to leave nursing maynot only be the level of remuneration or individual characteristics of nurses, but above all a large number of factors affecting thequality of work environment. Those factors influence not only the increasing nursing turnover but also affect negatively the qualityof the provided health care. Addressing the quality of the work environment seems to be essential in order to achieve optimalnumber of health care workers including nurses in the future, as well as to bring the quality of provided care to the optimal level.

• MeSH
• ekonomika nemocniční organizace a řízení   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• kvalita zdravotní péče ekonomika   klasifikace   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nezaměstnanost klasifikace   trendy   MeSH
• pracoviště klasifikace   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• pracovní uspokojení MeSH
• pracovní výkon klasifikace   MeSH
• pracovní zátěž klasifikace   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• zaměstnanost metody   organizace a řízení   pracovní síly   MeSH
• zdravotní sestry v klinické praxi ekonomika   klasifikace   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• zdravotní sestry ekonomika   klasifikace   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Investment in the behavioral change projects would not be possible without knowing their prerequisites and determinants including intention, moral norms, identity, and place attachment. Therefore, this study aimed at the determination of the effects of place attachment (PAT) (place dependence (PDE), place identity (PID), and place affect (PAF)) and farmers' identity (conservationist identity (CONID) and productivist identity (PROID)) on the moral norms of water conservation (MNWC) as well as the intention of water conservation (IWC) of the Iranian farmers. This was a descriptive-correlational and causal-relational study. The instrument of the study was a questionnaire completed using a cross-sectional survey and face-to-face interviews. Hence, a stratified random sampling method along with a proportionate allocation was used to select 380 farmers. The research findings indicated that the PAT (PDE, PID, and PAF) and CONID had significant positive effects on the MNWC. In addition, MNWC and CONID had significant positive effects on the IWC. However, PROID had a significant negative effect on the MNWC and IWC. In general, it was found that independent variables (PDE, PID, PAF, PROID, and CONID) could predict 39% and 53% of the variance of the MNWC and IWC variables, respectively. Moreover, the social-psychological framework of the study provides practitioners, decision-makers, policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders of the agricultural water management with useful practical and theoretical insights about the practices of behavior changes and social interventions. Finally, it is recommended that government decision-makers should further focus on the increased attractiveness of the rural and agricultural areas to increase PAT, MNWC, and IWC.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mravy MeSH
• ochrana vodních zdrojů * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• úmysl MeSH
• zemědělci * MeSH
• zemědělství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Írán MeSH

The aim of this paper is to explore general practitioners' (GPs) prescribing intentions and patterns across different European regions using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A cross-sectional study was undertaken in selected geographically defined Primary Health Care areas in Cyprus, Czech Republic (CZ), France, Greece, Malta, Sweden and Turkey. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a TPB-based questionnaire. The number of GP participants ranged from 39 to 145 per country. Possible associations between TPB direct measures (attitudes, subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC)) and intention to prescribe were assessed by country. On average, GPs thought positively of, and claimed to be in control of, prescribing. Correlations between TPB explanatory measures and prescribing intention were weak, with TPB direct measures explaining about 25% of the variance in intention to prescribe in Malta and CZ but only between 3% and 5% in Greece, Sweden and Turkey. SN appeared influential in GPs from Malta; attitude and PBC were statistically significant in GPs from CZ. GPs' prescribing intentions and patterns differed across participating countries, indicating that country-specific interventions are likely to be appropriate. Irrational prescribing behaviors were more apparent in the countries where an integrated primary care system has still not been fully developed and policies promoting the rational use of medicines are lacking. Demand-side measures aimed at modifying GPs prescribing behavior are deemed necessary.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• praktičtí lékaři psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• úmysl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Francie MeSH
• Kypr MeSH
• Malta MeSH
• Řecko MeSH
• Švédsko MeSH
• Turecko MeSH

Aim: Breastfeeding and consumption of breast milk positively affect the health of children and mothers. The goal of this research was an analysis of intention to breastfeed in pregnant women and the impact of selected factors on intention to breastfeed. Design:Cross –sectional study. Methods: Research was conducted involving 176 women in the 5th–9thmonth ofpregnancy. We analyzed their intention to breastfeed using the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale (IFI). Among the analyzed factors we included: socio-demographic variables, smoking during pregnancy, women’s attitudes to breastfeeding, and the body image of pregnant women (the Body Image States Scale –BISS). Results:The intention to breastfeed in pregnant women was very high (M = 13.15; SD = 2.6). In the 1stmonth after birth, 85.2% of women plan to breastfeed to the fullest extent, falling to 77.2% in the 3rdmonth, and 62.5% in the 6thmonth. Variables included in linear regression explain 30% of the variation in intention to breastfeed. By hierarchiclinear regression, we identified the attitudeof husband/partner towards breastfeeding (β =1.236;p = 0.001), and impact of breastfeeding on women’s health (β = 0,354;p = 0,035) and body image (β= 0,497;p = 0,000) as significant independent variables determining the intention to breastfeed. Women’s satisfaction with their pregnant body explains 11% of the variation in all analyzed variables. Conclusion: Promoting the health of mothers and their children requires midwives and nurses to perform a range of activities that will engage the husbands/partners of the women, and which will also take account of the body perceptions of pregnant women.

• MeSH
• kojení psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Polypharmacy has a significant impact on patients' health with overall expenditure on over-the-counter (OTC) medicines representing a substantial burden in terms of cost of treatment. The aim of this study, which was conducted within the framework of a European Project funded by the European Union under the Seventh Framework Programme and was entitled OTC-SOCIOMED, was to report on possible determinants of patient behaviour regarding the consumption of medicines, and particularly OTCs, in the context of primary care. METHODS: A multicentre, cross-sectional study was designed and implemented in well-defined primary healthcare settings in Cyprus, the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Malta and Turkey. Patients completed a questionnaire constructed on the basis of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), which was administered via face-to-face interviews. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The percentage of patients who had consumed prescribed medicines over a 6-month period was consistently high, ranging from 79% in the Czech Republic and 82% in Turkey to 97% in Malta and 100% in Cyprus. Reported non-prescribed medicine consumption ranged from 33% in Turkey to 92% in the Czech Republic and 97% in Cyprus. TPB behavioural antecedents explained 43% of the variability of patients' intention to consume medicines in Malta and 24% in Greece, but only 3% in Turkey. Subjective norm was a significant predictor of the intention to consume medicines in all three countries (Greece, Malta and Turkey), whereas attitude towards consumption was a significant predictor of the expectation to consume medicines, if needed. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: This study shows that parameters such as patients' beliefs and influence from family and friends could be determining factors in explaining the high rates of medicine consumption. Factors that affect patients' behavioural intention towards medicine consumption may assist in the formulation of evidence-based policy proposals and inform initiatives and interventions aimed at increasing the appropriate use of medicines.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lékařství statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• léky bez předpisu terapeutické užití   MeSH
• léky na předpis terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• primární zdravotní péče statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• úmysl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH