light pollution Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Posouzení možných vlivů rušivého světla na obyvatelstvo v obytné zástavbě. Zobjektivizování reálné situace, odezvy obyvatelstva, možnosti nápravných opatření včetně doporučení.
Evaluation of possible impact of interfering light induced by eye catchers on population in near house building. Objectification of actual situation, responses of inhabitants, possibility of remedial measure including recommendation.
- Klíčová slova
- umělé osvětlení, veřejné osvětlení, hygienické limity,
- MeSH
- environmentální zdraví MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- městské obyvatelstvo MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- ochrana veřejného zdraví MeSH
- osvětlení * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- světelné znečištění MeSH
- světlo * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- urbanizace MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * normy prevence a kontrola škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zdraví ve městech MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Light pollution is increasing worldwide and significantly affects animal behavior. In birds, these effects include advancement of morning activity and onset of dawn song, which may affect extra-pair paternity. Advanced dawn song of males may stimulate females to engage in extra-pair copulations, and the earlier activity onset may affect the males' mate guarding behavior. Earlier work showed an effect of light at night on extra-pair behavior, but this was in an area with other anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we present a two-year experimental study on effects of light at night on extra-pair paternity of great tits (Parus major). Previously dark natural areas were illuminated with white, red, and green LED lamps and compared to a dark control. In 2014, the proportion of extra-pair young in broods increased with distance to the red and white lamps (i.e., at lower light intensities), but decreased with distance to the poles in the dark control. In 2013, we found no effects on the proportion of extra-pair young. The total number of offspring sired by a male was unaffected by artificial light at night in both years, suggesting that potential changes in female fidelity in pairs breeding close to white and red light did not translate into fitness benefits for the males of these pairs. Artificial light at night might disrupt the natural patterns of extra-pair paternity, possibly negates potential benefits of extra-pair copulations and thus could alter sexual selection processes in wild birds.
- MeSH
- barva * MeSH
- osvětlení škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Passeriformes fyziologie MeSH
- sexuální chování zvířat účinky záření MeSH
- světlo škodlivé účinky MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
The evolution of damage to building materials has been estimated for the 21st century, with a particular focus on aluminum, zinc, copper, plastic, paint, and rubber in urban areas. We set idealized air pollution and climates to represent London and Prague across the period 1950-2100. Environmental parameters were used to estimate future recession, corrosion, and loss of properties through published damage or dose-response functions. The 21st century seems to provide a less aggressive environment for stone and metals than recent times. Improvements in air quality are the most relevant drivers for this amelioration. Changes in climate predicted for the 21st century do not alter this picture. On the other hand, polymeric materials, plastic, paint, and rubber might show slightly increased rates of degradation, to some extent the result of enhanced oxidant concentrations, but also the possibility of contributions from more solar radiation.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- fotolýza účinky léků MeSH
- guma chemie MeSH
- hliník chemie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik metody trendy MeSH
- konstrukční materiály analýza normy MeSH
- měď chemie MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- nátěrové hmoty analýza normy MeSH
- oxidancia farmakologie MeSH
- plastické hmoty chemie MeSH
- předpověď MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- zinek chemie MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Londýn MeSH
Fluxes of CO2 and isoprenoids were measured for the first time in Stipa tenacissima L (alfa grass), a perennial tussock grass dominant in the driest areas of Europe. In addition, we studied how those fluxes were influenced by environmental conditions, leaf ontogeny and UV radiation and compared emission rates in two contrasting seasons: summer when plants are mostly inactive and autumn, the growing season in this region. Leaf ontogeny significantly affected both photosynthesis and isoprenoids emission. Isoprene emission was positively correlated with photosynthesis, although a low isoprene emission was detected in brown leaves with a net carbon loss. Moreover, leaves with a significant lower photosynthesis emitted only monoterpenes, while at higher photosynthetic rates also isoprene was produced. Ambient UV radiation uncoupled photosynthesis and isoprene emission. It is speculated that alfa grass represent an exception from the general rules governing plant isoprenoid emitters.
- MeSH
- butadieny MeSH
- fotosyntéza fyziologie MeSH
- hemiterpeny MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- monoterpeny MeSH
- oxid uhličitý MeSH
- pentany MeSH
- rostliny MeSH
- terpeny analýza MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
- ultrafialové záření * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Artificial light at night decreases blood pressure and heart rate in rats. Are these changes in heart rate accompanied by changes in protein expression in the heart's left ventricle? What is the main finding and its importance? Five weeks of artificial light at night affected protein expression in the heart's left ventricle in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Artificial light at night decreased expression of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase, angiotensin II receptor type 1 and endothelin-1. ABSTRACT: Artificial light at night (ALAN) affects the circadian rhythm of the heart rate in normotensive Wistar rats (WT) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) through the autonomic nervous system, which regulates the heart's activity through calcium handling, an important regulator in heart contractility. We analysed the expression of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA2) and other selected regulatory proteins involved in the regulation of heart contractility, angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1 R), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in the left ventricle of the heart in WT and SHR after 2 and 5 weeks of ALAN with intensity 1-2 lx. Expression of SERCA2 was decreased in WT (control: 0.53 ± 0.07; ALAN: 0.46 ± 0.10) and SHR (control: 0.72 ± 0.18; ALAN: 0.56 ± 0.21) after 5 weeks of ALAN (P = 0.067). Expression of AT1 R was significantly decreased in WT (control: 0.51 ± 0.27; ALAN: 0.34 ± 0.20) and SHR (control: 0.38 ± 0.07; ALAN: 0.23 ± 0.09) after 2 weeks of ALAN (P = 0.028) and in SHR after 5 weeks of ALAN. Expression of ET-1 was decreased in WT (control: 0.51 ± 0.27; ALAN: 0.28 ± 0.12) and SHR (control: 0.54 ± 0.10; ALAN: 0.35 ± 0.23) after 5 weeks of ALAN (P = 0.015). ALAN did not affect the expression of TH in WT or SHR. In conclusion, ALAN suppressed the expression of SERCA2, AT1 R and ET-1, which are important for the regulation of heart contractility, in a strain-dependent pattern in both WT and SHR.
- MeSH
- endoplazmatické retikulum metabolismus MeSH
- hypertenze * MeSH
- krevní tlak MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- srdeční komory * MeSH
- světelné znečištění MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In this study, a simple and low-cost method to synthesize iron(III) oxide nanopowders in large quantity was successfully developed for the photocatalytic degradation of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Two visible light-active iron(III) oxide samples (MG-9 calcined at 200 °C for 5 h and MG-11 calcined at 180 °C for 16 h) with a particle size of 5-20 nm were prepared via thermal decomposition of ferrous oxalate dihydrate in air without any other modifications such as doping. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The samples exhibited similar phase composition (a mixture of α-Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3), particle size distribution (5-20 nm), particle morphology, and degree of agglomeration, but different specific surface areas (234 m2 g-1 for MG-9 and 207 m2 g-1 for MG-11). The results confirmed higher photocatalytic activity of the catalyst with higher specific surface area. The highest photocatalytic activity of the sample to decompose MC-LR was observed at solution pH of 3.0 and catalyst loading of 0.5 g L-1 due to large amount of MC-LR adsorption, but a little iron dissolution of 0.0065 wt% was observed. However, no iron leaching was observed at pH 5.8 even though the overall MC-LR removal was slightly lower than at pH 3.0. Thus, the pH 5.8 could be an appropriate operating condition for the catalyst to avoid problems of iron contamination by the catalyst. Moreover, magnetic behavior of γ-Fe2O3 gives a possibility for an easy separation of the catalyst particles after their use.
Gender-related differences regarding susceptibility to chemical exposure to neurotoxicants have not received sufficient attention. Although a significant number of epidemiological studies on the neurodevelopmental effects of metal exposure have been published in the last twenty years, not many of these studies have considered the possible gender-specific effects of such exposure. This review is focused on studies in which the gender differences in pre- and/or postnatal exposures to five metals (mercury, lead, manganese, cadmium, and arsenic) and neurodevelopment were evaluated. A significant number of experimental and epidemiological studies on brain effects of exposure to neurotoxic substances has been published, however not many of them have considered the possible gender-specific effects of such exposure. Subtle and less subtle differences exist in brain function. They exist due to effects of sex hormones as well as to effects that sex hormones exert on the uterus during development, leading to persisting epigenetic markers. Recent human and animal studies suggest that gender dimorphic profiles are emerging in terms of neurotoxicity, moreover that gender differences in neurotoxicity are more widespread than one may expect. If a risk factor is underestimated in one gender, or if gender specific symptoms are not recognized, timely treatment may be delayed. Knowing that one gender is more vulnerable to poisoning helps to carry out a more effective prevention strategy, that is more efficient than the global approaches. In addition, it has significant consequences on public health concerns and outcomes. Our work is complemented by a critical analysis of some previously published studies.
- MeSH
- arsen toxicita MeSH
- centrální nervový systém MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- krev účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- neurologické manifestace * MeSH
- olovo toxicita MeSH
- otrava arsenem MeSH
- otrava nervového systému rtutí MeSH
- otrava olovem MeSH
- otrava MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prenatální poškození MeSH
- teratogeneze MeSH
- těžké kovy * toxicita MeSH
- výzkum * MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
