lupin Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Lupina je obecný název pro rostliny rodu Lupinus, čeledi bobovitých. Rod zahrnuje 200 až 300 druhů. Semena lupin, známá jako lupinové boby, byly velmi populární v mnoha zemích, protože jsou jedlé. Tyto lupiny jsou označovány jako jedlé lupiny, protože obsahují menší množství jedovatých alkaloidů než odrůdy hořkých lupin. V poslední době jsou varianty sladkých lupin intenzivně pěstovány v mnoha zemích jako levné krmivo pro dobytek. Nicméně, lupiny jsou řazeny mezi jedovaté rostliny pro obsah jejich alkaloidů. Chinolizidinové alkaloidy lupinin, lupinidin (spartein), lupanin a anagyrin, a rovněž tak piperidinový alkaloid ammodendrin, jsou hepatotoxické a teratogenní a představují riziko pro dobytek stejně jako pro lidi. Je diskutováno využití lupiny ve výživě lidí s ohledem na přítomnost lupininových alkaloidů z pohledu nutriční toxikologie.
Lupin is the common name for members of the genus Lupinus in the legume family. The genus comprises between 200-300 species. The seeds of lupins, commonly called lupin beans, were quite popular in many countries, since can be eaten. These lupins are referred to as sweet lupins because they contain smaller amounts of toxic alkaloids than the bitter lupin varieties. Newly bred variants of sweet lupins are grown extensively in many countries as a cheap nourishment and food stock. Nevertheless, lupins belongs to toxic plant for theirs alkaloids content. Quinolizidine alkaloids lupinine, lupinidine (sparteine), lupanine and anagyrine as well as piperidine alkaloid ammodendrine are hepatotoxic and teratogenic and represents hazard for livestock the same way as humans. The usage of lupins in human alimentation is discussed considering lupine alkaloids from the point of view nutritional toxicology.
Old World lupins constitute an interesting model for evolutionary research due to diversity in genome size and chromosome number, indicating evolutionary genome reorganization. It has been hypothesized that the polyploidization event which occurred in the common ancestor of the Fabaceae family was followed by a lineage-specific whole genome triplication (WGT) in the lupin clade, driving chromosome rearrangements. In this study, chromosome-specific markers were used as probes for heterologous fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify and characterize structural chromosome changes among the smooth-seeded (Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus cryptanthus Shuttlew., Lupinus micranthus Guss.) and rough-seeded (Lupinus cosentinii Guss. and Lupinus pilosus Murr.) lupin species. Comparative cytogenetic mapping was done using FISH with oligonucleotide probes and previously published chromosome-specific bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. Oligonucleotide probes were designed to cover both arms of chromosome Lang06 of the L. angustifolius reference genome separately. The chromosome was chosen for the in-depth study due to observed structural variability among wild lupin species revealed by BAC-FISH and supplemented by in silico mapping of recently released lupin genome assemblies. The results highlighted changes in synteny within the Lang06 region between the lupin species, including putative translocations, inversions, and/or non-allelic homologous recombination, which would have accompanied the evolution and speciation.
The effect of dietary inclusion of white lupin seed (WLS) on the milk composition and yield of rabbit does as well as the performance of their litters was studied. Two lactation diets having identical digestible protein (DP):DE ratio and two weaning diets having identical DP:DE ratio were formulated. The first lactation diet (SL) contained soybean meal (SBM; 13.0%) and sunflower meal (5.0%) as the main CP sources, whereas the second lactation diet (LL) was based on WLS (25.0%). As a result, the LL diet had a greater ether extract (EE) content than did the SL diet. The first weaning diet (SW) included SBM (7.0%) as the main CP source, whereas the second weaning diet (LW) diet was based on WLS (12.0%). No additional fat was added to any of the diets. A total of 32 (16 per treatment) Hyplus PS 19 does (4,225 ± 607 g BW, at the second parturition) were fed 1 of the 2 lactation diets. The litters were standardized to 9 kits (564 ± 81 g BW) on the day of birth and were fed 1 of the 2 weaning diets from d 17 to 69 of age. At d 30 of age (weaning), 66 rabbits on each weaning diet (689 ± 71 g BW; 3 per cage) were used to evaluate performance. Feed intake and doe BW were not affected by the dietary treatments. Milk yield tended to be higher between d 1 and 30 of lactation in does fed the LL diet (P = 0.094), a finding that is related to the higher dietary EE content and intake in the LL diet. When expressed per kilogram of metabolic weight, milk output (P < 0.05) and fat output (P < 0.05) were greater in these does. Improved G:F (P < 0.05) between d 1 and 21 of lactation and greater ADG (P = 0.072) and milk efficiency (P < 0.05) of litters was observed in does fed the LL diet. The milk of does fed the LL diet contained less linoleic acid (P < 0.05) and arachidonic acid (C 20:4n-6; P < 0.05) and more oleic acid (P < 0.05), α-linolenic acid (P < 0.05), and eicosapentaenic acid (P < 0.05), with a corresponding increase in the total PUFA n-3:C 20:4n-6 ratio (P < 0.05). The performance of fattening rabbits was not affected by dietary treatment. The number of ill plus dead rabbits caused by digestive disease was lower (P < 0.05) in rabbits fed the LW diet. Therefore, WLS is a suitable dietary CP source for lactating does that can replace traditionally used CP sources without adverse effects on feed intake and milk yield or on the growth and viability of their litters. Due to its fatty acid (FA) composition, the use of WLS in the lactation diet has the potential to improve the milk FA composition of does.
- MeSH
- dieta veterinární MeSH
- fyziologie výživy v mateřství MeSH
- fyziologie výživy zvířat MeSH
- králíci * růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- laktace účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- Lupinus * MeSH
- mastné kyseliny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- mléko chemie fyziologie MeSH
- semena rostlinná * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci * růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
A total of 20 weaned rabbits (33 days old) (10 per treatment) were fed one of two diets that included 150 g of sunflower meal (SF)/kg of diet or 120 g of whole white lupin (WL)/kg of diet for 42 days. The WL diet contained less saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) but more monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) than the SF diet. The WL diet significantly decreased SFA and PUFA content, as well as the PUFA n-6/PUFA n-3 ratio and saturation, atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes in hind leg meat. The fatty acid composition in perirenal fat was similar to that of hind leg meat; however, significantly higher MUFA levels were observed in rabbits fed the WL diet. Thus, feeding rabbits the WL diet affected the fatty acid profile of hind leg meat and perirenal fat in a favourable manner.
- MeSH
- ateroskleróza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dieta veterinární MeSH
- dietní tuky analýza MeSH
- Helianthus MeSH
- kosterní svaly chemie MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Lupinus MeSH
- maso analýza MeSH
- mastné kyseliny analýza MeSH
- nitrobřišní tuk chemie MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- semena rostlinná MeSH
- trombóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zdraví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Jednou z možností pozitivního ovlivnění střevní mikrobioty je konzumace potravin bohatých na prebiotické oligosacharidy. Takovou potravinou jsou i semena sladkých odrůd lupiny bílé obsahující vysoký podíl oligosacharidů rafinózové řady (RSO). Zastoupení těchto látek se může měnit i v závislosti na stanovišti, proto bylo našim cílem stanovit množství RSO v lupině bílé pěstované v České republice. K tomuto účelu byl použit enzymatický test Raffinose/Sucrose/D-Glucose Assay Kit (Megazyme®). Průměrné množství RSO bylo 8 g/100 g lupinové mouky. Vzhledem k tomu, že dostatečnou podporu růstu probiotických bakterií v tlustém střevě zajistí dávka 1 až 2 g RSO/den, konzumace 25 g lupinové mouky denně je zcela dostačující k dosažení prebiotického efektu.
Foods rich in prebiotic oligosaccharides have a positive effect on intestinal microbiota composition. High proportion of prebiotic raffinose series oligosaccharides (RSO) is characteristic for sweet varieties of lupine. Amount of RSO is variable, dependent also on growing habitat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of RSO in lupine grown in Czech Republic. Enzymatic test Raffinose/Sucrose/DGlucose Assay Kit (Megazyme®) was used. Mean content of RSO in lupine meal was 8 g/100 g. A sufficient daily intake of RSO for supporting the growth of probiotic intestinal bacteria is 1–2 g, therefore daily consumption of 25 g lupine flour is sufficient to achieve a prebiotic effect.
- Klíčová slova
- lupina bílá,
- MeSH
- Fabaceae * MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oligosacharidy MeSH
- prebiotika * MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The use of nicotine pouches among children and adolescents has unfortunately become a very common phenomenon in the last few years. Until now, children and teenagers could even purchase nicotine pouches themselves without legal restrictions. Their use is very inconspicuous and difficult for parents, teachers and doctors to identify, which further contributed to their spread. Below I want to demonstrate two different case studies that show opposite sides of the spectrum: Most cases do not proceed as dramatically as the first case study describes, nor as smoothly as in the second case study.
Užívání nikotinových sáčků mezi dětmi i dospívajícími je v posledních několika letech bohužel velmi častým fenoménem. Dosud si nikotinové sáčky dokonce mohly děti i dospívající bez zákonného omezení samy zakoupit. Jejich užívání je velmi nenápadné a pro rodiče, učitele i lékaře těžko identifikovatelné, což dále přispělo k jejich rozšíření. Níže popisujeme dvě rozdílné kazuistiky, které se pohybují na opačných stranách spektra, většina případů neprobíhá ani tak dramaticky jako v kazuistice první, ani však tak bezproblémově a hladce jako v kazuistice druhé.
- Klíčová slova
- nikotinové sáčky, cytisin,
- MeSH
- chinolizidinové alkaloidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nikotin škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
The complete nucleotide sequence of the ssRNA genome of a lupine potyvirus (LP) isolate was determined. It comprised 10,113 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tail. Phylogenetic analysis of CP protein sequences identified pepper veinal mottle virus, narcissus yellow stripe virus, and chili veinal mottle virus as the closest relatives, sharing coat protein amino acid sequence identities of only about 64% with the LP isolate. Thus, LP can be regarded as a member of a newly described potyvirus species, for which the name Lupine mosaic virus (LuMV) is proposed.
- MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genom virový MeSH
- Lupinus virologie MeSH
- nemoci rostlin virologie MeSH
- Potyvirus genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- biopotraviny * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Lupinus * chemie MeSH
- mouka zásobování a distribuce MeSH
- potravinářská technologie MeSH
- potravní vláknina analýza MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny * analýza škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- semena rostlinná * chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
