AIMS: To present a new method of dynamic Purkinje-metry and to verify it by comparison with a commercially available anterior segment optical coherence tomography CASIA2. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A dynamic Purkinje-meter with a movable fixation target was assembled. A coaxial circular pattern formed by infrared LEDs was projected onto the eye and evoked Purkinje images (1st, 3rd, 4th = P1, P3, P4). The measurement was performed on 29 eyes with an implanted toric IOL (intraocular lens), under mydriatic conditions, with reference to the visual axis. The IOL tilt was calculated from the position of a fixation target at the moment of P3 and P4 superposition. The IOL decentration was determined based on the relative position of P1 during on-axis fixation and of P3 and P4 superposition during off-axis fixation. A custom-developed software was used for distance measurements. Using CASIA2, the IOL position was fully calculated by the device. RESULTS: The mean absolute difference between CASIA2 and Purkinje-meter values was 0.6° ± 0.4° for the tilt magnitude and 10° ± 10° for the tilt direction, and 0.11 mm ± 0.08 mm for the decentration magnitude and 16° ± 14° for the decentration direction. There was no statistically significant difference between the values determined by the two methods for the tilt and decentration direction. The differences were statistically significant for the tilt and decentration magnitude. CONCLUSION: The values of IOL tilt and decentration direction are similar for both devices. The values of IOL tilt and decentration magnitude measured by Purkinje-meter are higher than those from CASIA2, but overall, they correspond to the values presented in other published studies.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční čočky * MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie MeSH
• optické zobrazování * přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of generating pseudo-normal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data from potentially abnormal images. These pseudo-normal images are primarily intended for use in an on-the-fly data harmonization technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The methodology was tested on brain SPECT with [123I]Ioflupane. The proposed model for generating a pseudo-normal image was based on a variational autoencoder (VAE) designed to process 2D sinograms of the brain [123I]-FP-CIT SPECT, potentially exhibiting abnormal uptake. The model aimed to predict SPECT sinograms with corresponding normal uptake. Training, validation, and testing datasets were created by SPECT simulator from 45 brain masks segmented from real patient's magnetic resonance (MR) scans, using various uptake levels. The training and validation datasets each comprised 612 and 360 samples, respectively, drawn from 36 brain masks. The testing dataset contained 153 samples based on 9 brain masks. VAE performance was evaluated through brain dimensions, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and specific binding ratio. RESULTS: Mean DSC was 80% for left basal ganglia and 84% for right basal ganglia. The proposed VAE demonstrated excellent consistency in predicting basal ganglia shape, with a coefficient of variation of DSC being less than 1.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that VAE can effectively estimate an individualized pseudo-normal distribution of the radiotracer [123I]-FP-CIT SPECT from abnormal SPECT images. The main limitations of this preliminary research are the limited availability of real brain MR data, used as input for the SPECT data simulator, and the simplified simulation setup employed to create the synthetic dataset.

• MeSH
• jednofotonová emisní výpočetní tomografie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) represents a vasoproliferative disease, especially in newborns and infants, which can potentially affect and damage the vision. Despite recent advances in neonatal care and medical guidelines, ROP still remains one of the leading causes of worldwide childhood blindness. The paper presents a unique dataset of 6,004 retinal images of 188 newborns, most of whom are premature infants. The dataset is accompanied by the anonymized patients' information from the ROP screening acquired at the University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic. Three digital retinal imaging camera systems are used in the study: Clarity RetCam 3, Natus RetCam Envision, and Phoenix ICON. The study is enriched by the software tool ReLeSeT which is aimed at automatic retinal lesion segmentation and extraction from retinal images. Consequently, this tool enables computing geometric and intensity features of retinal lesions. Also, we publish a set of pre-processing tools for feature boosting of retinal lesions and retinal blood vessels for building classification and segmentation models in ROP analysis.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec nedonošený * MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
• retina * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• retinopatie nedonošených * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• dataset MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

An 82-year-old woman with COPD presented to the emergency department with cough, increasing sputum production, wheezing, and worsening shortness of breath for two weeks. On imaging studies, the patient was found to have a right upper lobe spiculated nodule and an endobronchial lesion with near total occlusion of the right lower lobe bronchus with sub-segmental atelectasis. Bronchoscopy with EBUS-TBNA of subcarinal and right hilar lymph nodes revealed lung cancer with clear cell phenotype. Given the predominance of clear cell morphology, the diagnosis of metastatic renal or ovarian cancer was entertained. However, there was no evidence of renal or ovarian lesions on the PET-CT scan, ruling out the possibility. Salivary gland type lung cancer (STLC), which is responsible for less than 1% of all lung cancer cases in adults, was also considered. The two distinct STLCs that may have similar morphologic appearances are hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). The other type of tumour in the lung that demonstrates a clear cell phenotype is perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms or PEComa, which are mesenchymal in origin. Immunohistochemical staining was strongly positive for p63, CK5/6, CK7, CK-LMW, and negative for TTF-1, Napsin A, p16, and CK20. Additional staining, including HMB-45, S-100, and mucicarmine, were also negative. Next-generation sequencing for the salivary gland fusion panel, including EWSR1-ATF1 fusion and EWSR1 gene rearrangement for HCCC and MAML2 gene rearrangements for MEC, was negative. She was diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer favouring squamous cell carcinoma with clear cell phenotype, a rare entity.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom z jasných buněk diagnóza   patologie   genetika   MeSH
• bronchoskopie MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory plic * diagnóza   patologie   genetika   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Endometrióza je chronické zánětlivé onemocnění, které je charakterizováno výskytem endometriální tkáně mimo děložní dutinu. Postihuje 6 % až 10 % žen v reprodukčním věku a je diagnostikováno až u 50 % žen s neplodností. Patofyziologie endometriózy je stále neúplně objasněna. Diagnostika je založena na anamnéze, gynekologickém vyšetření, vaginálním ultrazvuku, magnetické rezonanci, někdy až operační revizi. Terapie endometriózy se zaměřuje na úlevu od bolesti, zlepšení kvality života a léčbu neplodnosti. Léčba může být pouze symptomatická (analgetika), hormonální nebo operační. Chirurg se s endometriózou setká nejčastěji při postižení rektosigmoidea. Při symptomatickém postižení máme k dispozici 3 možnosti: shaving, diskoidní resekci a segmentální resekci. Každý z těchto chirurgických přístupů má svá pozitiva a negativa. Segmentální resekce je nejradikálnějším zákrokem, s nižším výskytem recidiv, ale také vyšším rizikem komplikací. Celkově lze konstatovat, že si léčba tohoto komplexního onemocnění zasluhuje centralizaci, neboť zahrnuje složité rozhodování gynekologa a chirurga ohledně rozsahu chirurgického zákroku a jeho dopadů na pacientku, s níž musí být řádně prodiskutována.

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It affects 6% to 10% of women in reproductive age and is diagnosed in up to 50% of women with infertility. The pathophysiology of endometriosis is still not fully understood. Diagnosis is based on medical history, gynecological examination, vaginal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and sometimes surgical revision. The therapy for endometriosis focuses on pain relief, improving the quality of life and treating infertility. Treatment options include symptomatic relief (analgetics), hormonal therapy, or surgery. Surgeons commonly encounter endometriosis when it affects the rectosigmoid region. When symptomatic, three surgical approaches are available: shaving, discoid resection, and segmental resection. Each of these surgical approaches has its pros and cons. Segmental resection is the most radical procedure, with a lower recurrence rate but also a higher risk of complications. Overall, the treatment of endometriosis involves complex decision-making by gynecologists and surgeons regarding the extent of surgical intervention and its impact on the patient, which must be thoroughly discussed.

PURPOSE: Utility of prostate-specific antigen density (PSAd) for risk-stratification to avoid unnecessary biopsy remains unclear due to the lack of standardization of prostate volume estimation. We evaluated the impact of ellipsoidal formula using multiparametric magnetic resonance (MRI) and semi-automated segmentation using tridimensional ultrasound (3D-US) on prostate volume and PSAd estimations as well as the distribution of patients in a risk-adapted table of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). METHODS: In a prospectively maintained database of 4841 patients who underwent MRI-targeted and systematic biopsies, 971 met inclusions criteria. Correlation of volume estimation was assessed by Kendall's correlation coefficient and graphically represented by scatter and Bland-Altman plots. Distribution of csPCa was presented using the Schoots risk-adapted table based on PSAd and PI-RADS score. The model was evaluated using discrimination, calibration plots and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: Median prostate volume estimation using 3D-US was higher compared to MRI (49cc[IQR 37-68] vs 47cc[IQR 35-66], p < 0.001). Significant correlation between imaging modalities was observed (τ = 0.73[CI 0.7-0.75], p < 0.001). Bland-Altman plot emphasizes the differences in prostate volume estimation. Using the Schoots risk-adapted table, a high risk of csPCa was observed in PI-RADS 2 combined with high PSAd, and in all PI-RADS 4-5. The risk of csPCa was proportional to the PSAd for PI-RADS 3 patients. Good accuracy (AUC of 0.69 and 0.68 using 3D-US and MRI, respectively), adequate calibration and a higher net benefit when using 3D-US for probability thresholds above 25% on DCA. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate volume estimation with semi-automated segmentation using 3D-US should be preferred to the ellipsoidal formula (MRI) when evaluating PSAd and the risk of csPCa.

• MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• klinické rozhodování MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• multiparametrická magnetická rezonance MeSH
• nádory prostaty * patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• prostata * patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• prostatický specifický antigen * krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ultrazvukem navigovaná biopsie metody   MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Zadní skleritida je potenciálně zrak ohrožující zánětlivý proces, který primárně postihuje zadní segment oka. Výskyt tohoto onemocnění není častý, prevalence se pohybuje kolem 2 %. Zánětlivý proces se může šířit na přilehlou cévnatku a způsobovat její ablaci, která vede ke změlčování přední komory oka a na ultrazvukovém vyšetření se projevuje nálezem tzv. T-znaku. Prezentujeme kazuistiku pacienta se subtotální ablací cévnatky v terénu zadní skleritidy. Osmdesátiletý muž přišel na oční oddělení Klaudiánovy nemocnice z důvodu poklesu zrakové ostrosti na levém oku. Při ultrazvukovém vyšetření postiženého oka jsme prokázali subtotální ablaci cévnatky za přítomnosti T-znaku. Pacientovi byla nasazena intenzivní lokální a celková steroidní terapie. Následně byla zaznamenána kladná odpověď na léčbu steroidy s postupnou absorpcí tekutiny, úpravou odchlípení cévnatky a zlepšením zrakové ostrosti levého oka do původních hodnot.

Ulrych R, Mikšíková I, Stěpanov A. Subtotal choroidal ablation in patient with posterior scleritis Posterior scleritis is a potentially sight-threatening, inflammatory process of the sclera that primarily involves the posterior segment of the eye. It is an uncommon condition, affecting between 2.0 and 17.7% of all scleritis patients. The inflammatory spread of posterior scleritis to the choroid can cause choroidal detachments, which then hastens the shallowing of the anterior chamber and T-sign in the B-mode echography. We report our findings in a case with posterior scleritis with subtotal choroidal ablation in the left eye. An 80-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of decrease of the visual acuity in the left eye. B-mode echography showed choroidal detachments and a T-sign in the right eye. The patient received topical and oral steroid therapy. The posterior scleritis responded well to the systemic steroid therapy followed by absorption of the choroidal detachment and improvement of the visual acuity of the left eye of the patient.

• MeSH
• amoxicilin farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• choroidální efuze * etiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody   MeSH
• prednison farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• skleritida * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• ultrasonografie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH

Increasing evidence shows that flaws in machine learning (ML) algorithm validation are an underestimated global problem. In biomedical image analysis, chosen performance metrics often do not reflect the domain interest, and thus fail to adequately measure scientific progress and hinder translation of ML techniques into practice. To overcome this, we created Metrics Reloaded, a comprehensive framework guiding researchers in the problem-aware selection of metrics. Developed by a large international consortium in a multistage Delphi process, it is based on the novel concept of a problem fingerprint-a structured representation of the given problem that captures all aspects that are relevant for metric selection, from the domain interest to the properties of the target structure(s), dataset and algorithm output. On the basis of the problem fingerprint, users are guided through the process of choosing and applying appropriate validation metrics while being made aware of potential pitfalls. Metrics Reloaded targets image analysis problems that can be interpreted as classification tasks at image, object or pixel level, namely image-level classification, object detection, semantic segmentation and instance segmentation tasks. To improve the user experience, we implemented the framework in the Metrics Reloaded online tool. Following the convergence of ML methodology across application domains, Metrics Reloaded fosters the convergence of validation methodology. Its applicability is demonstrated for various biomedical use cases.

• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * MeSH
• sémantika MeSH
• strojové učení MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To develop an Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) ultrasonography score for monitoring disease activity in giant cell arteritis (GCA) and evaluate its metric properties. METHODS: The OMERACT Instrument Selection Algorithm was followed. Forty-nine members of the OMERACT ultrasonography large vessel vasculitis working group were invited to seven Delphi rounds. An online reliability exercise was conducted using images of bilateral common temporal arteries, parietal and frontal branches as well as axillary arteries from 16 patients with GCA and 7 controls. Sensitivity to change and convergent construct validity were tested using data from a prospective cohort of patients with new GCA in which ultrasound-based intima-media thickness (IMT) measurements were conducted at weeks 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24. RESULTS: Agreement was obtained (92.7%) for the OMERACT GCA Ultrasonography Score (OGUS), calculated as follows: sum of IMT measured in every segment divided by the rounded cut-off values of IMTs in each segment. The resulting value is then divided by the number of segments available. Thirty-five members conducted the reliability exercise, the interrater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the OGUS was 0.72-0.84 and the median intrareader ICC was 0.91. The prospective cohort consisted of 52 patients. Sensitivity to change between baseline and each follow-up visit up to week 24 yielded standardised mean differences from -1.19 to -2.16, corresponding to large and very large magnitudes of change, respectively. OGUS correlated moderately with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein and Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (corrcoeff 0.37-0.48). CONCLUSION: We developed a provisional OGUS for potential use in clinical trials.

• MeSH
• arteriae temporales diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• intimomediální šíře tepenné stěny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obrovskobuněčná arteritida * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• ultrasonografie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Segmentation helps interpret imaging data in a biological context. With the development of powerful tools for automated segmentation, public repositories for imaging data have added support for sharing and visualizing segmentations, creating the need for interactive web-based visualization of 3D volume segmentations. To address the ongoing challenge of integrating and visualizing multimodal data, we developed Mol* Volumes and Segmentations (Mol*VS), which enables the interactive, web-based visualization of cellular imaging data supported by macromolecular data and biological annotations. Mol*VS is fully integrated into Mol* Viewer, which is already used for visualization by several public repositories. All EMDB and EMPIAR entries with segmentation datasets are accessible via Mol*VS, which supports the visualization of data from a wide range of electron and light microscopy experiments. Additionally, users can run a local instance of Mol*VS to visualize and share custom datasets in generic or application-specific formats including volumes in .ccp4, .mrc, and .map, and segmentations in EMDB-SFF .hff, Amira .am, iMod .mod, and Segger .seg. Mol*VS is open source and freely available at https://molstarvolseg.ncbr.muni.cz/.

• MeSH
• internet MeSH
• makromolekulární látky MeSH
• mikroskopie * MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * MeSH
• software * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH