Maskne je definována jako akné nově vzniklá nebo zhoršená v souvislosti s užíváním ochranných obličejových prostředků (OOP). Je formou mechanické akné vznikající následkem trvalého kontaktu a tření mezi textilií a kůží. Dlouhodobé nošení OOP navíc způsobuje teplé a vlhké mikroklima na kožním povrchu, které modifikuje produkci mazu a vede k narušení mikrobiální rovnováhy. Maskne se vyskytuje na místech krytých ochrannými prostředky nebo v "O" zóně, častěji na bradě než na tvářích. Nejčastěji se jedná o lehké formy akné, na kůži jsou přítomny drobné papulky, komedony a seborrhea. Závažnější projevy (větší papuly, noduly) jsou vždy projevem zhoršení stávajících forem akné. Prvním krokem při léčbě maskne je důsledná edukace pacientů. K samotné terapii mohou být dle závažnosti klinických projevů užity běžné lokální, méně často i celkové léky dle doporučení platných pro vulgární akné.

Maskne is defined as acne, which newly emerged or worsened in connection with a usage of face protection equipment (FPE). It is a form of mechanic acne developed as a result of permanent contact and friction between textiles and skin. A prolonged usage of FPE causes in addition a hot and humid microclimate on a skin surface, which modifies a sebum production and subsequently a microbial balance is impaired. Maskne is situated on an area covered by FPE or in an "O" zone, more often on a chin than on cheeks. Most often mild forms of acne are present with papules, comedones and seborrhoea. More severe forms (big papules, nodules) are caused by worsening of pre-existing forms of acne due to unfavourable usage of FPE. The first step in a treatment of maskne is rigorous education of patients. According to the severity of clinical manifestations common local, or less often systemic medicines are used in compliance with to the recommendations valid for acne vulgaris.

• Klíčová slova
• maskne,
• MeSH
• acne vulgaris * komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dermatologické látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• masky škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• obličejové dermatózy etiologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• péče o kůži MeSH
• prostředky na ochranu dýchání škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• retinoidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• alergie terapie   MeSH
• bronchiální astma terapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroklima MeSH
• nemoci dýchací soustavy rehabilitace   terapie   MeSH
• speleoterapie * metody   trendy   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Maskne je definována jako akné nově vzniklá nebo zhoršená v souvislosti s užíváním ochranných obličejových prostředků (OOP). Je formou mechanické akné vznikající následkem trvalého kontaktu a tření mezi textilií a kůží. Dlouhodobé nošení OOP navíc způsobuje teplé a vlhké mikroklima na kožním povrchu, které modifikuje produkci mazu a vede k narušení mikrobiální rovnováhy. Maskne se vyskytuje na místech krytých ochrannými prostředky nebo v "O" zóně, častěji na bradě než na tvářích. Nejčastěji se jedná o lehké formy akné, na kůži jsou přítomny drobné papulky, komedony a seborrhea. Závažnější projevy (větší papuly, noduly) jsou vždy projevem zhoršení stávajících forem akné. Prvním krokem při léčbě maskne je důsledná edukace pacientů. K samotné terapii mohou být dle závažnosti klinických projevů užity běžné lokální, méně často i celkové léky dle doporučení platných pro vulgární akné.

Maskne is defined as acne, which newly emerged or worsened in connection with a usage of face protection equipment (FPE). It is a form of mechanic acne developed as a result of permanent contact and friction between textiles and skin. A prolonged usage of FPE causes in addition a hot and humid microclimate on a skin surface, which modifies a sebum production and subsequently a microbial balance is impaired. Maskne is situated on an area covered by FPE or in an "O" zone, more often on a chin than on cheeks. Most often mild forms of acne are present with papules, comedones and seborrhoea. More severe forms (big papules, nodules) are caused by worsening of pre-existing forms of acne due to unfavourable usage of FPE. The first step in a treatment of maskne is rigorous education of patients. According to the severity of clinical manifestations common local, or less often systemic medicines are used in compliance with to the recommendations valid for acne vulgaris.

• MeSH
• acne vulgaris komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dermatologické látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• masky škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• péče o kůži MeSH
• prostředky na ochranu dýchání škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• retinoidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The idea that genome (size) evolution in eukaryotes could be driven by environmental factors is still vigorously debated. In extant plants, genome size correlates positively with stomatal size, leading to the idea that conditions enabling the existence of large stomata in fossil plants also supported growth of their genome size. We test this inductive assumption in drought-adapted, prostrate-leaved Cape (South Africa) geophytes where, compared with their upright-leaved geophytic ancestors, stomata develop in a favourably humid microclimate formed underneath their leaves. METHODS: Stomatal parameters (leaf cuticle imprints) and genome size (flow cytometry) were measured in 16 closely related geophytic species pairs from seven plant families. In each pair, representing a different genus, we contrasted a prostrate-leaved species with its upright-leaved phylogenetic relative, the latter whose stomata are exposed to the ambient arid climate. KEY RESULTS: Except for one, all prostrate-leaves species had larger stomata, and in 13 of 16 pairs they also had larger genomes than their upright-leaved relatives. Stomatal density and theoretical maximum conductance were less in prostrate-leaved species with small guard cells (<1 pL) but showed no systematic difference in species pairs with larger guard cells (>1 pL). Giant stomata were observed in the prostrate-leaved Satyrium bicorne (89-137 µm long), despite its relatively small genome (2C = 9 Gbp). CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply that climate, through selection on stomatal size, might be able to drive genome size evolution in plants. The data support the idea that plants from 'greenhouse' geological periods with large stomata might have generally had larger genome sizes when compared with extant plants, though this might not have been solely due to higher atmospheric CO2 in these periods but could also have been due to humid conditions prevailing at fossil deposit sites.

• MeSH
• délka genomu MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom rostlinný genetika   MeSH
• listy rostlin MeSH
• průduchy rostlin genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jihoafrická republika MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

The concept of spontaneous combustion has huge appeal as an historical fiction but it has no scientific background. However, in some deaths involving fire, a body can burn away virtually completely with minimal thermal destruction to the neighboring environment. We report an extraordinary case of the self-immolation of an elderly woman who set herself on fire with suicidal intentions. The unusual appearance and location of the body closely resembled the phenomenon of so-called spontaneous human combustion because the upper parts of the body were almost totally destroyed by fire, while the legs and surrounding structures remained almost untouched by flames. The results of all investigations proved that the woman set fire to her body using a box of matches and accelerants (concentrated ethanol and a solid firelighter). Near-total combustion of her body subsequently occurred during the postmortem period. The development of alleged spontaneous human combustion requires the following: ignition (external heat source), fuel (molten human fat), a wick (e.g. charred and porous clothing, bedding, or ground), time, and an optimal microclimate for gradual burning.

• MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• popálení patologie   MeSH
• požáry * MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH
• sebevražda * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Pracovní pohoda na pracovišti je nezbytnou podmínkou pro co nejvyšší výkon zaměstnanců. V současné době si praxe všímá většího počtu pracovišť typu open space, které jsou často v moderních budovách s proskleným obvodovým pláštěm. Napříč diskutovanými výhodami tohoto uspořádání pracovišť, jako je lepší týmová práce a lepší vzájemná komunikace mezi zaměstnanci, jsou v těchto administrativních budovách ve velké míře zaznamenané problémy a stížnosti na kvalitu vnitřního prostředí pracovišť. Z fyzikálních faktorů pracovního prostředí jde hlavně o nevyhovující mikroklima, špatné osvětlení, vzájemné rušení se hlukem a špatnou kvalitu vzduchu. Negativní působení faktorů prostředí na člověka zde může být ovlivněno i psychickým faktorem, vyvolaným ztrátou soukromí, nemožností si "vyvětrat podle potřeby", nesnášenlivostí klimatizace apod. Ve výsledku je dosaženo pravého opaku - ne týmová práce s maximální produktivitou, ale nižší pracovní výkon i zhoršené vztahy na pracovišti.

Well-being in the workplace is a prerequisite for the maximum performance of workers. Currently, the practice notes a higher number of open space type workplaces which are often in modern buildings with a glass envelope. In spite of the discussed benefits of this workplace arrangement, such as better teamwork and better communication between employees, problems and complaints are reported about the quality of the indoor environment from such administrative buildings. Of the physical factors of the working environment, microclimate, poor lighting, interference with noise and poor quality of air are the main factors which can cause deterioration of the working environment. Negative effects of environmental factors on humans can be influenced also by a psychological factor, due to the loss of privacy, the inability to "ventilate as needed", the inconvenience of air conditioning etc. As a result, the opposite is achieved - not teamwork with maximum productivity, but lower work performance and poorer relationships at the workplace.

• Klíčová slova
• open space,
• MeSH
• environmentální zdraví * MeSH
• hluk na pracovišti MeSH
• hygiena práce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pracoviště * MeSH
• větrání metody   MeSH
• znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Windbreak is one of the key factors for making the agriculture systems successful through reduced wind erosion, improved microclimate, increased biodiversity, and production potentiality of timber and agricultural crops. Even though windbreak occupies only a small part of agricultural landscape, its advantages on the ecological and economical perspective are quite high. This study evaluated the effects of three windbreak types on the wind erosion control in relation to their structural diversities, wind-speed reduction, and optical porosities in the central part of the Czech Republic. Diversity in the windbreak was evaluated based on its species diversity, vertical structure, spatial pattern, and complexities. Wind speed was measured at the different distances on the leeward side of the windbreak and one station placed on the windward side as a control. Windbreak characteristics were described by terrestrial photogrammetry method using the values of optical porosity. The timber volume of the windbreaks with rich biodiversity species ranged from 224 to 443 m3 ha-1height of the windbreak on the. Results of the windbreak efficiency showed significantly closer relationship between optical porosity and structural indices. The optical porosity significantly correlated with wind-speed reduction, especially in the lower part of the windbreak. A significant dependency of the windbreak efficiency on the tree dominant height was also observed for each windbreak type. The most significant effect on the wind-speed reduction in terms of structural indices had total diversity index and Arten-profile index describing vertical structures, which are recommended together with the optical porosity to evaluate the windbreak efficiency in controlling wind erosion.

• MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• stromy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• vítr * MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů metody   MeSH
• zemědělství metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Plantation forests with timber production as the major function are highly fragmented and disturbed regarding the tree species composition and stand area. Their closed canopies also have different microclimatic conditions compared with better studied conservation areas. We studied three beetle families (click, longhorn, and rove beetles) with different ecological demands in lowland plantation forests dominated by Sessile oak and Norway spruce in the Czech Republic. Our main interest was how their species richness, abundance, diversity, body length, rarity, red-list status, species composition and individual species were driven by the main tree species, stand area and canopy openness. We analyzed 3466 individuals from 198 beetle species and the results revealed complex and contrasting responses of the studied beetle families - click beetles mostly preferred sun-exposure and spruce as the dominant tree species, longhorn beetles mainly preferred large stands, whereas rove beetles were mostly influenced by oak as the dominant tree species and increasing area. We also observed that some species had different preferences in plantation forests than is known from the literature. The main conclusions of our results are that the dominance of non-natural spruce plantations and a large stand area (both originating from artificially replanted large clear-cuts) did not affect the majority of the studied taxa as we expected. On the other hand, our results might have been influenced by other factor, such as the current small total area of the former vegetation, which in the past might have led to extinction debt; or a large area of other conifers in the surroundings that might have promoted conifer-associated fauna.

• MeSH
• brouci fyziologie   MeSH
• lesnictví MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• mikroklima * MeSH
• populační dynamika MeSH
• společenstvo * MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Like other organisms, ants require suitable microclimatic conditions for their development. Thus, ant species inhabiting colder climates build nest mounds that rise above the soil surface, presumably to obtain heating from solar radiation. Although some ant species construct mounds of organic materials, which generate substantial heat due to microbial metabolism, Lasius flavus mounds consists mostly of soil, not organic material. The use of artificial shading in the current study demonstrated that L. flavus depends on direct solar radiation to regulate the temperature in its mound-like nests. Temperatures were much lower in shaded mounds than in unshaded mounds and were likely low enough in shaded mounds to reduce ant development and reproduction. In areas where L. flavus and similar ants are undesirable, they might be managed by shading.

• MeSH
• Formicidae fyziologie   MeSH
• hnízdění * MeSH
• mikroklima MeSH
• sluneční záření MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• termoregulace * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH