Proso millet belongs to the oldest cereals that human is using. Eight varieties of proso millet were cultivated in Ceske Budejovice from 1998 to 2000 and Cerveny Dvur from 1999 to 2000. The crude protein content was determined according to Kjehladl method and amino acid content was determined chromatographically after acid and oxidative acid hydrolysis. Although the protein content of proso (11.6% of dry matter) was similar to wheat, the grain of proso was significant richer in essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, methionine) then wheat. Hence, the protein quality of proso (Essential Amino Acid Index) was higher (51%) compared to wheat. The proso grain contained about 3.3 g kg(-1) of the limiting amino acid-lysine. Significant differences in protein and its quality were found among the evaluated proso varieties. The varieties Toldanskoe and Lipetskoe were the most different from the others in protein and amino acid content and Amino Acid Score of individual acids. They had the lowest content and quality of protein. The seed coat of these varieties was red. The amino acid and protein content was significantly influenced by weather during the year. Dry conditions caused an increase of protein but its quality was decreased.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny analýza   normy   MeSH
• déšť MeSH
• dietní proteiny analýza   normy   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• počasí MeSH
• proso chemie   MeSH
• pšenice chemie   MeSH
• řízení kvality MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• fyziologie výživy MeSH

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is not one of the founder crops domesticated in Southwest Asia in the early Holocene, but was domesticated in northeast China by 6000 BC. In Europe, millet was reported in Early Neolithic contexts formed by 6000 BC, but recent radiocarbon dating of a dozen 'early' grains cast doubt on these claims. Archaeobotanical evidence reveals that millet was common in Europe from the 2nd millennium BC, when major societal and economic transformations took place in the Bronze Age. We conducted an extensive programme of AMS-dating of charred broomcorn millet grains from 75 prehistoric sites in Europe. Our Bayesian model reveals that millet cultivation began in Europe at the earliest during the sixteenth century BC, and spread rapidly during the fifteenth/fourteenth centuries BC. Broomcorn millet succeeds in exceptionally wide range of growing conditions and completes its lifecycle in less than three summer months. Offering an additional harvest and thus surplus food/fodder, it likely was a transformative innovation in European prehistoric agriculture previously based mainly on (winter) cropping of wheat and barley. We provide a new, high-resolution chronological framework for this key agricultural development that likely contributed to far-reaching changes in lifestyle in late 2nd millennium BC Europe.

• MeSH
• archeologie MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• domestikace MeSH
• proso růst a vývoj   MeSH
• radioaktivní datování MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny růst a vývoj   dějiny   MeSH
• zemědělství dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• lebka růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Pan troglodytes MeSH

• MeSH
• nádory baze lební chirurgie   MeSH
• otorinolaryngologické chirurgické výkony metody   MeSH
• otorinolaryngologické nádory chirurgie   MeSH
• otorinolaryngologické nemoci chirurgie   MeSH
• video-asistovaná chirurgie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• otorinolaryngologie

• Konspekt
• Stomatologie
• NLK Obory
• zubní lékařství

Sustainable food production in the context of climate change necessitates diversification of agriculture and a more efficient utilization of plant genetic resources. Fonio millet (Digitaria exilis) is an orphan African cereal crop with a great potential for dryland agriculture. Here, we establish high-quality genomic resources to facilitate fonio improvement through molecular breeding. These include a chromosome-scale reference assembly and deep re-sequencing of 183 cultivated and wild Digitaria accessions, enabling insights into genetic diversity, population structure, and domestication. Fonio diversity is shaped by climatic, geographic, and ethnolinguistic factors. Two genes associated with seed size and shattering showed signatures of selection. Most known domestication genes from other cereal models however have not experienced strong selection in fonio, providing direct targets to rapidly improve this crop for agriculture in hot and dry environments.

• MeSH
• anotace sekvence MeSH
• Digitaria klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• domestikace MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• genom rostlinný MeSH
• jedlá semena klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• klimatické změny MeSH
• molekulární evoluce MeSH
• selekce (genetika) MeSH
• zemědělství metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Afrika MeSH

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky MeSH
• biflavonoidy chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kůže MeSH