patterns of use
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
EMCDDA selected issue, ISSN 1830-7957 2009
29 s. : il. ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- kontrola léčiv a omamných látek statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek prevence a kontrola MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- surveillance populace MeSH
- Check Tag
- mladiství MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Konspekt
- Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
- NLK Obory
- adiktologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- studie
Mobile phone use affects the dynamics of gait by impairing visual control of the surrounding environment and introducing additional cognitive demands. Although it has been shown that using a mobile phone alters whole-body dynamic stability, no clear information exists on its impacts on motor variability during gait. This study aimed at assessing the impacts of various types of mobile phone use on motor variability during gait; quantified using the short- and long-term Lyapunov Exponent (λS and λL) of lower limb joint angles and muscle activation patterns, as well as the centre of mass position. Fourteen females and Fifteen males (27.72 ± 4.61 years, body mass: 70.24 ± 14.13 Kg, height: 173.31 ± 10.97 cm) walked on a treadmill under six conditions: normal walking, normal walking in low-light, walking while looking at the phone, walking while looking at the phone in low-light, walking and talking on the phone, and walking and listening to music. Variability of the hip (p λS = .015, λL = .043) and pelvis (p λS = .039, λL = .017) joint sagittal angles significantly increased when the participants walked and looked at the phone, either in normal or in low-light conditions. No significant difference was observed in the variability of the centre of mass position and muscle activation patterns. When individuals walk and look at the phone screen, the hip and knee joints are constantly trying to adopt a new angle to regulate and maintain gait stability, which might put an additional strain on the neuromuscular system. To this end, it is recommended not to look at the mobile phone screen while walking, particularly in public places with higher risks of falls.
- MeSH
- abúzus marihuany MeSH
- Cannabis účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Německo západní MeSH
... Contents introduction -- Dysmorphology Approach and Classification -- CHAPTER 1 -- Recognizable Patterns ... ... XXXXX Syndrome 45X Syndrome -- В Deletion, Duplication, and -- Microduplication Syndromes Identifiable Using ... ... Recognition of Malformation Syndromes 895 -- CHAPTER 5 -- Normal Standards -- APPENDIX I -- 913 -- Pattern ...
7th ed. xiv, 998 s. : il. ; 27 cm
- MeSH
- genetické nemoci vrozené diagnóza etiologie genetika klasifikace MeSH
- vrozené, dědičné a novorozenecké nemoci a abnormality diagnóza etiologie genetika klasifikace MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- genetika, lékařská genetika
- embryologie a teratologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
... 14 -- 9.1 Existing systems of medicine 14 -- 9.2 The national health infrastructure 15 -- 9.3 The pattern ... ... Glossary of terms used in the report 64 -- 19. ...
WHO technical report series ; No. 867
74 s. : il. ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- esenciální léky MeSH
- katalogy léků jako téma MeSH
- klinická farmakologie MeSH
- spotřeba léčiv MeSH
- Konspekt
- Farmacie. Farmakologie
- NLK Obory
- farmacie a farmakologie
- farmacie a farmakologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
Konopné drogy jsou po alkoholu a tabáku třetí nejoblíbenější skupinou drog v ČR. Cílem článku je popsat různé způsoby kouření konopných drog a k tomu účelu využívaná parafernália, a lépe tak vysvětlit širší kontext settingu tohoto způsobu užívání konopí. Uvolnění psychoaktivních kanabinoidů z rostlinného materiálu je konzumenty konopných drog nejčastěji prováděno prostřednictvím spalování okvětních lístků a květenství samičí rostliny konopí. Tomu logicky odpovídá nabídka naprosté většiny konopných parafernálií na trhu. Jednou z mála skupin, která sice stejně jako ostatní parafernália souvisí s konzumací kanabinoidů vdechováním, ale není založena na spalování rostlinného materiálu, jsou vaporizéry. Svébytnou skupinu konopných parafernálií tvoří nejrůznější krabičky, jiné nádoby a balení určené ke skladování sušených konopných paliček a drtičky používané při balení cigaret ať už v domácnosti konzumenta, nebo při transportu rostlinného materiálu na cestách za zábavou či kamkoliv jinam. Dobrá znalost způsobů užívání konopí, parafernálií používaných k přípravě a užívání drogy je jednou z podmínek pochopení různých souvislostí spojených s konopnými drogami. Typ užité konopné drogy, způsob a prostředek (parafernálie) užití mohou do jisté míry modifikovat průběh intoxikace a stavy v ní dosažené.
In the Czech Republic, cannabis is the third most popular drug after alcohol and tobacco. The objective of the article is to describe the different ways in which cannabis is smoked and the paraphernalia utilised for this purpose, which should help explain the broader context of the setting of this route of cannabis administration. It is most common for cannabis consumers to release psychoactive cannabinoids from the vegetable material by burning the petals and inflorescence of the female cannabis plant. Logically, this is reflected in the offer of the vast majority of cannabis paraphernalia on the market. Vaporisers are one of the few groups which are still, like the other paraphernalia, associated with the consumption of cannabinoids by inhaling but are not based on the burning of vegetable material. A specific group of cannabis paraphernalia comprises various boxes and other containers and packaging devices intended for the storage of dried cannabis spadices and crushers used to roll cigarettes, either in the consumer’s home or in transporting the vegetable material when going out. Good knowledge of the ways in which cannabis is used and the paraphernalia utilised to prepare and administer the drug is a crucial element in understanding the different contexts of cannabis use. To a certain extent, the type of the cannabisbased drug used, the route of administration, and the devices (paraphernalia) utilised may modify the course of intoxication and the states achieved as part of it.
BACKGROUND: The European Association of Urology (EAU) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) guidelines are meant to help minimise morbidity and improve the care of patients with NMIBC. However, there may be underuse of guideline-recommended care in this potentially curable cohort. OBJECTIVE: To assess European physicians' current practice in the management of NMIBC and evaluate its concordance with the EAU 2013 guidelines. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Initial 45-min telephone interviews were conducted with 20 urologists to develop a 26-item questionnaire for a 30-min online quantitative interview. A total of 498 physicians with predefined experience in treatment of NMIBC patients, from nine European countries, completed the online interviews. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics of absolute numbers and percentages of the use of diagnostic tools, risk group stratification, treatment options chosen, and follow-up regimens were used. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Guidelines are used by ≥87% of physicians, with the EAU guidelines being the most used ones (71-100%). Cystoscopy (60-97%) and ultrasonography (42-95%) are the most used diagnostic techniques. Using EAU risk classification, 40-69% and 88-100% of physicians correctly identify all the prognostic factors for low- and high-risk tumours, respectively. Re-transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (re-TURB) is performed in 25-75% of low-risk and 55-98% of high-risk patients. Between 21% and 88% of patients received a single instillation of chemotherapy within 24h after TURB. Adjuvant intravesical treatment is not given to 6-62%, 2-33%, and 1-20% of the patients with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk NMIBC, respectively. Patients with low-risk NMIBC are likely to be overmonitored and those with high-risk NMIBC undermonitored. Our study is limited by the possible recall bias of the selected physicians. CONCLUSIONS: Although most European physicians claim to apply the EAU guidelines, adherence to them is low in daily practice. PATIENT SUMMARY: Our survey among European physicians investigated discrepancies between guidelines and daily practice in the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We conclude that the use of the recommended diagnostic tools, risk-stratification of NMIBC, and performance of re-TURB have been adopted, but adjuvant intravesical treatment and follow-up are not uniformly applied.
- MeSH
- invazivní růst nádoru MeSH
- lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory močového měchýře diagnóza terapie MeSH
- průzkumy zdravotní péče MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
