shape selectivity
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Cílem práce je posouzení změn tvaru zubního oblouku po léčbě fixními a snímacími přístroji neextrakčním postupem. Statistická analýza rozměru a tvaru zubního oblouku byla provedena před zahájením a po ukončení ortodontické léčby a při kontrolním vyšetření v odstupu 3–5 let. Nasnímané sádrové modely zubních oblouků pomocí skaneru na obrazovku počítače byly zpracovány digitalizací v rámci programu Kefalo. Byla provedena segmentální analýza, dentální diskrepance v zubním oblouku, stanoveny hodnoty Boltonova indexu a navržena ideální křivka okluze ve frontálním a premolárovém úseku dolní čelisti. Naše sdělení navazuje na naši studii, ve které byl posouzen tvar a rozměry horního a dolního zubního oblouku vybraného vzorku mladší dospělé populace [1].
The objective of the work was to evaluate changes in the shape of the dental arch after treatment with fixed and removable devices without extraction. Statistical analysis of the dimensions and shape of the dental arch was implemented before the onset and after termination of orthodontic treatment and during a check-up examination after an interval of 3–5 years. The plaster models of dental arches obtained by means of a scanner on the computer screen were processed by digitalization within the framework of thr Kefalo programme. Segmental analysis was made, dental discrepancy in the dental arch values of Bolton’s index were assessed and an ideal occlusion curve in the frontal and premolar section of the mandible was suggested. The presented paper is based on a study by the authors where the shape and dimensions of the upper and lower dental arch of a selected sample of the junior adult population was evaluated [1].
- MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- ortodontické aktivátory snímatelné MeSH
- software MeSH
- testy zrakového pole MeSH
- úprava zubní okluze MeSH
- zubní modely MeSH
- zubní oblouk růst a vývoj MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Cílem naší studie bylo posoudit tvar a rozměry horního a dolního oblouku u pacientů s rozštěpem po chirurgicko- ortodontické léčbě. Dále porovnat tyto výsledky s hodnotami naměřenými u náhodně vybraného vzorku mladé dospělé plně ozubené zdravé populace a pacientů s ortodontickou anomálií bez rozštěpu před léčbou, těsně po léčbě a s odstupem 5 let. K tomuto měření jsme použili přístroj Orthoscope a počítačovou analýzu obrazu. Prokázali jsme, že moderní ortodontická terapie je schopna u pacientů s ortodontickými anomáliemi a s orofaciálními rozštěpy zvětšit horní zubní oblouk až k hodnotám, které jsou považovány za normu a vytvořit tak optimální podmínky pro následnou protetickou terapii, je-li jí zapotřebí.
The aim of the work was to evaluate the shape and dimension of upper and lower arch in patients with cleft palate after a surgical-orthodontic therapy. We also compared these results with values measured in a randomly selected sample of a young adult population and patients with orthodontic anomaly without cleft palate before the treatment, immediately after therapy and after a lapse of time of 5 years. The measurement employed the Orthoscope apparatus and computing analysis of the image. It has been demonstrated that in patients with orthodontic anomalies and orofacial cleft palate, modern orthodontic therapy is capable of enlarging the upper dental arch to values, which are considered as standard and to create optimal conditions for subsequent prosthetic therapy, if necessary.
Úvod a cíl: Podstatný vliv na estetiku obličeje a úsměvu má estetika chrupu. Důležitým aspektem nejsou jen pravidelně uspořádané zuby a jejich poloha, ale také tvar horních frontálních zubů, které jsou při úsměvu nejčastěji vidět. Cílem práce bylo zjistit, jaký je vliv změny tvaru a velikosti jednotlivých frontálních zubů na estetiku frontálního úseku. Metody: Fotografie ve formátu 9×13 cm (báze) úst mladé ženy s atraktivním úsměvem a pravidelným chrupem byla upravována v počítačovém programu Adobe Photoshop CS5. Pomocí toho programu byly připraveny různé varianty stejného úsměvu s jednostrannou změnou tvaru a velikosti korunek horních středních a laterálních řezáků a horních špičáků. Bylo vybráno po jednom tvaru pro střední řezák, laterální řezák a špičák. Vytvořilo se 23 fotografií s jednostrannými změnami. Fotografie byly hodnoceny třemi skupinami hodnotitelů: zubními lékaři, ortodontisty a laiky. Každý hodnotitel vyplnil dotazník, ve kterém vyznačil na úsečce míru atraktivnosti úsměvu pro odpovídající číslo fotografie. Umístění značky na úsečce se přepočítalo na procenta. Výsledky: Průměrné ocenění úsměvu všech 25 fotografií u zubních lékařů bylo 32 % (SD 22), u ortodontistů 42 % (SD 27), u laiků 50 % (SD 28). Nejníže byl hodnocen tvar s kvadratickou korunkou a rovnou incizální hranou a pravoúhlým tvarem růžku (střední řezák) širší o 2 mm, o 1,5 mm a také tvar zúžený o 2 mm oproti původnímu. Za nejestetičtější tvar byl považován harmonický tvar se zaoblenými tvary růžků. Pro laterální řezák za nejméně estetický byl považován tvar širší o 2 mm, užší o 2 mm. Za nej-estetičtější byl považován tvar s meziálním ostrým růžkem, distální častí zaoblenou, širší o 0,5 mm, o 1 mm a také užší o 0,5 mm. Závěr: Všichni hodnotitelé uznávají jako nejestetičtější harmonický tvar řezáků se zaoblenými tvary růžků a také tvar s meziálním ostrým růžkem a distální častí zaoblenou u laterálních řezáků. Za estetické byly považovány tvary laterálních řezáků rozšiřované o 0,5 mm až 1 mm, tvar širší o 2 mm byl však již neestetický. Při plánování ortodontické léčby je nutné hodnotit také tvar a velikost jednotlivých zubů a jejich eventuální úpravu (rekonturing, protetická úprava fasetou/korunkou). Klíčová slova: estetika chrupu – tvar horních řezáků – velikost horních řezáků – tvar horních špičáků
Introduction, Aim: The esthetic dentition is a substantial part contributing to the overall face esthetics. The shape of anterior teeth which are visible in a smile is an important aspect of the esthetic perception. The aim of the presented study was to determine the impact of the shape and size of particular anterior teeth on dental esthetics. Methods: A photograph of a young woman‘s mouth 9×13 cm (base) with an attractive smile and regular dentition was modified in the software Adobe Photoshop CS5. With this software different varieties of the same smile were produced, involving only a one-sided adjustment of shape and size of crowns of upper central and lateral incisors and upper canines. One shape was selected for central incisor, lateral incisor and canine. There were prepared 23 photographs with asymmetrical changes. The photographs were evaluated by three groups of evaluators: dentists, orthodontists and laymen. Each evaluator filled in a questionnaire in which expressed his/her perceived level of attractiveness for each photograph by marking a point in a linear scale between „0 = least” and „5 = most attractive”. The distance from 0 to the mark was recorded and then expressed in per cents. Results: The average evaluation of the smile in all 25 photographs was 32% in case of dentists (SD 22), 42% in case of orthodontists (SD 27) and 50% in case of laymen (SD 28). The least esthetic shape evaluation was a square shape with a flat incisal edge of central incisors widened by 2 mm, by 1.5 mm and narrowed by 2 mm opposite to the initial. The most esthetic shape of central incisor is considered a harmonious shape with rounded angles. In case of lateral incisors the least esthetic shape was widened by 2 mm, narrowed by 2 mm. The most esthetic is shape of sharp mesial angle, rounded distal part, widened by 0.5 mm, by 1 mm and narrowed by 0.5 mm. Conclusion: All evaluators considered the harmonious shape with rounded angles and the shape of sharp mesial angle, rounded distal part in the lateral incisor as a most esthetic. The shape of lateral incisors widened by 0.5 mm or by 1 mm is considered esthetic. The shape widened by 2 mm was considered as an unaesthetic. When planning an orthodontic treatment it is necessary to consider the shape of teeth and their possible adjustment (recountouring, prosthetic adjustment with veneer/crown). Key words: dental esthetics – shape of upper incisors – size of upper incisors – shape of upper canines
Memokath stenty představují jednu z možností zajištění derivace moči horních i dolních močových cest. Autoři uvádějí celkem čtyři kazuistiky, ve kterých popisují své první zkušenosti s Memokath stenty. Jejich inzerce byla indikována ve dvou případech pro benigní hyperplazii prostaty, v jednom případě pro strikturu uretry a v jednom případě pro stenózu distálního ureteru. Přes vysoké pořizovací náklady je skupina pacientů onkologických, eventuálně interně polymorbidních s vysokým rizikem celkové anestezie, u které je endoskopické zavedení Memokath stentu elegantním řešením obstrukce močových cest.
The objective of this article is to present our first experiences with insertion and follow up of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy stents Memokath (Engineers and Doctors, Denmark) in patients with long-term obstruction of urinary tract. We inserted 4 nickel-titanium shape memory Memokath stents from May to December 2006. All patients were men (mean age 69,5 years, range 47-87 years). The stents were inserted in urethral stricture in 3 cases (2 patients for BPH, 1 patient for stricture of bulbar urethra), last Memokath stent was inserted in a patient with ureteral stricture after radiotherapy for GIT tumour. The pacients were followed up for 8 months on the average (range 2-24 months). Decompression of urinary tract have achieved in all pacients. Memokath stent had to be removed in 2 cases: 1× for encrustation (from bulbar urethra, 5 months after insertion), 1× for spontaneous migration of stent (from ureter, 2 months after insertion). There was no problem in pacients with prostate Memokath stents. 1 pacient died due to cardial decompensation 9 months after insertion prostate Memokath stent. 1 patient has had no complication with prostate Memokath stent so far (24 months). Memokath stents has not been inserted in the Czech Republic before. Series of our patients is too small to draw reliable conclusions. We will indicate the insertion of Memokath stents in selected polymorbid or oncology patients in future too.
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hyperplazie prostaty chirurgie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stenty využití MeSH
- striktura uretry MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
AIM: Craniofacial growth demonstrates significant variation and is difficult to predict. The aim of the present investigation was twofold: (1) to assess the association (covariation) between craniofacial shape at pre- and post-adolescence and (2) to evaluate if pre-adolescent craniofacial shape is related (covaries) with growth magnitude and direction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty subjects (86 males and 64 females) untreated orthodontically were selected from AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection. Each subject had cephalograms taken before 9 (pre-adolescent stage) and after 15 years of age (post-adolescent). Fourteen curves comprising 123 points (10 fixed and 113 sliding semilandmarks) comprehensively covering the craniofacial skeleton were digitally traced on each cephalogram. Procrustes alignment, principal component analysis, 2-block partial least squares (2B-PLS) analysis, and regression analysis were done after sliding the semilandmarks to minimize bending energy. RESULTS: The first 16 principal components (PCs) were non-trivial and explained 85.2% of total shape variability in the sample. PC1 depicted mainly variability in the vertical direction, PC2 represented mostly variability in the saddle angle and in the antero-posterior position of the mandible, and PC3 depicted primarily variability of the mandibular shape (steep versus flat mandibular plane). The covariation between pre- and post-adolescent facial shape was statistically significant, both in the pooled sample (RV coefficient = 0.604) and in boys (RV = 0.639) and girls (RV = 0.629). The pre-adolescent shape was weakly associated with the magnitude of facial change-2-block PLS analysis demonstrated that blocks 1 and 2 were independent (P = 0.118, RV = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: The pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex explained approximately 60% of the post-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex; however, the relationship between pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex and magnitude of its change was weak.
- MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- kefalometrie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mandibula * MeSH
- maxila * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- obličej MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
1. Hatching time, hatchability of fertile eggs and embryo mortality under standard egg storage (1 or 5 days at 12 ± 1°C and 55% relative humidity) and incubation conditions (37.5 ± 0.2°C and 50% relative humidity) were analysed in lines long-term selected for high (HG) and low (LG) relative weight gain between 11 and 28 d of age, respectively, and constant body weight at 49 d of age. 2. Egg storage duration did not have an effect on average hatching time. LG quail, characterised by a fast postnatal growth rate immediately after hatching, hatched earlier than HG quail with a low early growth rate (about 391 vs. 406 h after egg setting, respectively). 3. In contrast to hatching time, the hatchability of fertile eggs was influenced by line as well as egg storage duration. Extended storage decreased hatching success in both lines. However, LG eggs exhibited a higher hatchability than HG eggs (1 d storage: 96.0 vs. 82.5%; 5 d storage: 88.7 vs. 72.7%, respectively). 4. Lower hatchability resulted mostly from a higher frequency of embryo death during early (up to d 7) and late (d 14 and later) phases of incubation. 5. An inadequate nutrient supply to embryos in consequence of developmental delay seems to be a key factor decreasing viability of embryos during incubation.
1. Changes in embryonic development and growth were analysed in relation to direct changes in postnatal growth and correlated responses in egg parameters using Japanese quail lines selected for more than 30 generations for high (HG) and low (LG) relative gain of body weight (BW) between 11 and 28 d of age, and constant BW at 49 d of age. 2. During the first 42 h as well as at the end of incubation, LG embryos were developmentally accelerated in comparison with their HG counterparts. An expected increase of line divergence across generations was observed only in traits analysed at the end of incubation. 3. In contrast to early generations, LG embryos continuously exhibited a higher BW than HG embryos and this difference temporarily disappeared only around incubation d 8. Analogous to early generations, the HG compared with LG embryos showed two periods of transient growth retardation compensated subsequently by a higher growth rate (incubation d 3-8 and 8-16). 4. More pronounced growth retardation of HG versus LG embryos in late versus early generations corresponded to more distinct decrease of HG versus LG growth rate during the first post-hatch days. Likewise, a disappearance of line BW differences on incubation d 8 characterising the late generations corresponded to the elimination of line differences in adult BW. 5. Alterations of growth pattern were associated with changes of egg size. While HG quail maintained a relatively constant adult BW and egg size across generations, the gradually increasing incidence of large eggs in the LG line allowed selection of birds with higher growth potential, which in turn amplified the line differences in the embryonic BW and eliminated the line differences in adult BW. Line differences in egg composition (larger albumen with lower density in LG compared with HG eggs) apparently contributed to the strengthening of line developmental divergence during incubation. 6. Transient lack of nutrient supply to HG embryos due to their developmental delay is probably responsible for a higher HG versus LG embryo mortality.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- Coturnix embryologie genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- embryonální vývoj genetika MeSH
- selekce (genetika) * MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Aims: The accuracy of non-radiographic measurement of the spinal shape is infl uenced by postural sway (PS).The aim of this study was to determine whether certain examination postures prevent PS without changing key spinalcharacteristics. Methods: We tested 1) natural standing position (posture A), 2) fi xation postures standing with the support of theupper limbs against a wall (posture B) and 3) standing with the support of the head and chest against a wall (postureC). There were examined 60 subjects; the examination of each posture was repeated fi ve times in each individual byDTP-3 microcomputer position system. The spinal shape changes resulting from tested postures were assessed usingt-test. The role of PS was assessed using standard deviations, and the signifi cance of diff erences between the individualpostures was determined using the F-test. Results: Compared to posture A, the fi xation posture B did not have any signifi cant infl uence on the degree of PS,but it signifi cantly infl uenced the shift of the spine from the ideal vertical and its slope, although this did not result inspine curve deformation. The fi xation posture C signifi cantly reduced the PS compared to posture A; however, therewere signifi cant changes in the spinal shape. This fi xation posture shifted signifi cantly the spine from the ideal verticaland slope characteristics.Conclusion: PS plays a role in the examination of spinal shape. Positions B and C did not meet the required criteria.Therefore, it is necessary to search for another examination position.
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky a postupy využití MeSH
- experimenty na lidech MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikropočítače využití MeSH
- muskuloskeletální systém - fyziologické jevy MeSH
- postura těla fyziologie MeSH
- posturální rovnováha MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- zakřivení páteře diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Částečná anodoncie, známá pod pojmem hypodoncie nebo oligodoncie, je vrozená vada, kdy se nevyvine jeden nebo více zubů. Ošetření pacienta je multidisciplinární spoluprace chirurga, ortodontisty a protetika. Hlavním cílem je dlouhodobě dosáhnout funkčního a estetického optima. Kazuistické sdělení popisuje rekonstrukci takové pacientky za podpory implantátů.
Partial anodontia, known as hypodontia or oligodontia, is the congenital absence of one or more teeth. The treatment of the patient is a multi-task of specialists of oral surgery, orthodontics and prosthodontics. Despite functional and aesthetic considerations, the main problem of all treatment is that it had to be performed in a growing child. This case report evaluated the implant-driven concept.
- Klíčová slova
- protetika, implantát,
- MeSH
- abnormality zubů terapie MeSH
- anodoncie genetika chirurgie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- implantace zubů metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maxilofaciální vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- zubní korunky využití MeSH
- zubní náhrada ve spojení s implantáty MeSH
- zubní porcelán terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Genomic features such as rate of recombination and differentiation have been suggested to play a role in species divergence. However, the relationship of these phenomena to functional organization of the genome in the context of reproductive isolation remains unexplored. Here, we examine genomic characteristics of the species boundaries between two house mouse subspecies (Mus musculus musculus/M. m. domesticus). These taxa form a narrow semipermeable zone of secondary contact across Central Europe. Due to the incomplete nature of reproductive isolation, gene flow in the zone varies across the genome. We present an analysis of genomic differentiation, rate of recombination, and functional composition of genes relative to varying amounts of introgression. We assessed introgression using 1,316 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism markers, previously genotyped in hybrid populations from three transects. We found a significant relationship between amounts of introgression and both genomic differentiation and rate of recombination with genomic regions of reduced introgression associated with higher genomic differentiation and lower rates of recombination, and the opposite for genomic regions of extensive introgression. We also found a striking functional polarization of genes based on where they are expressed in the cell. Regions of elevated introgression exhibit a disproportionate number of genes involved in signal transduction functioning at the cell periphery, among which olfactory receptor genes were found to be the most prominent group. Conversely, genes expressed intracellularly and involved in DNA binding were the most prevalent in regions of reduced introgression. We hypothesize that functional organization of the genome is an important driver of species divergence.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- genom * MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- reprodukční izolace * MeSH
- selekce (genetika) * MeSH
- vznik druhů (genetika) * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH