spatial abilities
Dotaz
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- MeSH
- diagnóza MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motorické dovednosti fyziologie MeSH
- nadání fyziologie MeSH
- orientace fyziologie MeSH
- prostorové chování fyziologie MeSH
- sporty MeSH
- statistika jako téma metody normy MeSH
- studium vysokoškolské MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Cíle. V předkládané studii bylo cílem identifikovat skupiny respondentů odlišující se pravděpodobností úspěšnosti řešení jednotlivých položek testu prostorové představivosti s ohledem na povahu položek z hlediska nároků na verbálně- analytické či vizuálně-analogové mentální operace. Soubor a sběr dat. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 1540 osob, které se zúčastnily Testu studijních předpokladů v rámci přijímacího řízení na Masarykovu univerzitu. Analyzována byla data ze subtestu prostorová představivost. Hypotézy. Celkový skór subtestu prostorové představivosti odráží nejen úroveň prostorové představivosti, ale také úroveň verbálně-analytického myšlení. Statistická analýza. Ve studii byla použita analýza latentních tříd pro identifikaci latentních tříd respondentů v kombinaci s dalšími standardními statistickými postupy. Výsledky. Byly identifikovány tři latentní třídy respondentů odlišené pravděpodobností úspěšného řešení položek. Latentní třídy byly interpretovány s ohledem na úroveň schopnosti řešit úlohu za pomoci mentální manipulace s představou či analytickým postupem založeným na rozložení obrazové úlohy do sledu jednoznačných výroků. Omezení. Interpretace výsledků jsou založeny na práci s velkým datovým souborem, obsahujícím údaje z reálné testové situace přijímacího řízení na univerzitu. V navazujícím výzkumu se autoři plánují zaměřit na analýzu mentálních procesů uplatňovaných při řešení položek testu prostorové představivosti za pomoci metody introspekce.
Objectives. The goal of the presented study was to identify groups of respondents which differ in the probability of successful solving individual items comprising test of spatial abilities. Sample and setting. The size of the research sample was 1540 test-takers, who attended the admission procedure to Masaryk University. Data from the Spatial Abilities subtest were analyzed. Hypotheses. The total score of the Spatial Abilities test reflects not only the level of spatial abilities but also the level of verbal-analytic thinking. Statistical analysis. The Latent Class Analysis was used to identify the latent classes of respondents and also other common statistical procedures were applied. Results. Three latent classes of respondents were identified. These classes were interpreted considering the ability to solve the item using manipulations with mental images or analytical technique based on decomposing the item image into sequence of propositions. Study limitation. The interpretations are based on a large research sample collected in a real testing situation during university’s admission procedure. In a follow-up research the authors plan to use the introspection method to analyze mental processes applied when solving items from a test of spatial abilities.
Despite initial expectations, which have emerged with the advancement of computer technology over the last decade of the twentieth century, scientific literature does not contain many relevant references regarding the development and use of innovative items in psychological testing. Our study presents and evaluates two novel item types. One item type is derived from a standard schematic test item used for the assessment of the spatial perception aspect of spatial ability, enhanced by an interactive response module. The performance on this item type is correlated with the performance on its paper and pencil counterpart. The other innovative item type used complex stimuli in the form of a short video of a ride through a city presented in an on-route perspective, which is intended to measure navigation skills and the ability to keep oneself oriented in space. In this case, the scores were related to the capacity of visuo-spatial working memory and also to the overall score in the paper/pencil test of spatial ability. The second relationship was moderated by gender.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- prostorová navigace fyziologie MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon fyziologie MeSH
- rozpoznávání obrazu fyziologie MeSH
- světelná stimulace MeSH
- vnímání prostoru fyziologie MeSH
- výběrové chování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Even though cognitive testing in animals is widespread, many issues remain open - for example the influence of behavioural parameters on cognitive performance, stability of cognitive performance upon repeated testing, or comparability of cognitive variables across different tasks (i.e. cross-contextual consistency). In this study we tested thirty six male Long Evans laboratory rats and assessed their cognitive performance in two standard tasks of spatial navigation - Active allothetic place avoidance and Morris water maze test. Using multivariate analyses, we detected different aspects of cognition within these complex tasks (the ability to learn fast, cognitive flexibility, general ability to solve a task successfully). We found that consistency of cognitive performance in these two tasks (estimates of cognitive repeatability) differed substantially, reflecting differences in the experimental procedures. Moreover, we inspected cognitive performance of the animals in more detail by creating a correlation matrix of factors derived from these procedures. Nevertheless, we found no correlation and therefore no indication of a general cognitive ability in spatial navigation using these two tasks. In addition, we found no link between personality and cognition when correlating cognitive performance of the animals with parameters from personality tests, which were derived from a previous study conducted on the same animals. These findings highlight a task-dependent nature of cognitive performance in these two tasks of spatial navigation and suggest that general cognitive ability in spatial navigation may not be reliably inferred from these two tasks, while also indicating no evident link between cognition and personality in this context.
- MeSH
- bludiště - učení fyziologie MeSH
- chování zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- kognice * fyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- osobnost fyziologie MeSH
- potkani Long-Evans MeSH
- prostorová navigace * fyziologie MeSH
- učení vyhýbat se fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Spatial navigation (SN) impairment is present early in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We tested whether SN performance, self-centered (egocentric) and world-centered (allocentric), was distinguishable from performance on established cognitive functions-verbal and nonverbal memory, executive and visuospatial function, attention/working memory, and language function. 108 older adults (53 cognitively normal [CN] and 55 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment [aMCI]) underwent neuropsychological examination and real-space navigation testing. Subset (n = 63) had automated hippocampal volumetry. In a factor analysis, allocentric and egocentric navigation tasks loaded highly onto the same factor with low loadings on other factors comprising other cognitive functions. In linear regression, performance on other cognitive functions was not, or was only marginally, associated with spatial navigation performance in CN or aMCI groups. After adjustment for age, gender, and education, right hippocampal volume explained 26% of the variance in allocentric navigation in aMCI group. In conclusion, spatial navigation, a known cognitive marker of early AD, may be distinguished from other cognitive functions. Therefore, its assessment along with other major cognitive functions may be highly beneficial in terms of obtaining a comprehensive neuropsychological profile.
- MeSH
- hipokampus diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- kognice fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- paměť fyziologie MeSH
- prostorová navigace fyziologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí patologie psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between APOE ε4 status and spatial navigation in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and assessed the role of hippocampal volume in this association. METHOD: Participants were 74 patients with clinically confirmed aMCI (33 APOE ε4 noncarriers, 26 heterozygous, and 15 homozygous ε4 carriers). Body-centered (egocentric) and world-centered (allocentric) spatial navigation in a computerized human analogue of the Morris Water Maze was assessed. Brain MRI with subsequent automated hippocampal volumetry was included. RESULTS: Groups were similar in neuropsychological profile. Controlling for age, sex, education, and free memory recall, the APOE ε4 carriers performed more poorly on all spatial navigation subtasks (ps < .05). APOE ε4 homozygotes performed worse than heterozygotes (p = .021). Right hippocampal volume accounted for the differences in allocentric and delayed subtasks (ps > .05), but not in the egocentric subtask (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Using an easy-to-use, computer-based tool to assess spatial navigation, we found spatial navigation deficits to worsen in a dose-dependent manner as a function of APOE ε4 status. This was at least partially due to differences in right hippocampal volume.
- MeSH
- amnézie komplikace genetika patologie MeSH
- apolipoprotein E4 genetika MeSH
- funkční lateralita MeSH
- hipokampus patologie MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce komplikace genetika patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- počítače MeSH
- prostorová navigace fyziologie MeSH
- prostorové učení fyziologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Both humans and laboratory animals suffering from cerebellar lesions exhibit cognitive as well as many emotional and behavioral abnormalities. These latter have been already observed in the cerebellar mutant mice currently used to highlight some aspect of autism spectrum disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cerebellar-related stress response abnormalities on spatial learning and memory. Cerebellar-deficient Lurcher mutant mice were exposed to water environment without active escape possibility and then tested for spatial learning in the Morris water maze. As a marker of stress intensity we measured corticosterone in urine. Finally, the volumes of individual components of the adrenal gland were estimated. Though having spatial navigation deficit in the water maze, Lurcher mice preserved a substantial residuum of learning capacity. Lurcher mutants had a higher increase of corticosterone level after exposure to the water environment than wild type mice. We did not observe any decrease of this physiological stress marker between the start and the end of the spatial navigation task, despite significant improvement of behavioral performances. Furthermore, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex as well as the adrenal medulla were larger in Lurcher mice, reflecting high stress reactivity. We conclude that for both genotypes water exposure was a strong stressor and that there was no habituation to the experiment independently to the increasing controllability of the stressor (e.g. ability to find the escape platform). Based on these findings, we suggest that the enhanced stress response to water exposure is not the main factor explaining the spatial deficits in these cerebellar mutant mice.
- MeSH
- fyziologický stres fyziologie MeSH
- kortikosteron moč MeSH
- myši - mutanty neurologické MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nadledviny patologie MeSH
- prostorová navigace fyziologie MeSH
- velikost orgánu fyziologie MeSH
- vnímání prostoru fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In the present study we investigated the sex differences in the effect of adult long-term drug treatment on cognitive functions of Wistar rats, which were prenatally exposed to MA (5mg/kg) or saline. Cognitive functions were tested as an ability of spatial learning in the Morris Water Maze (MWM), which consisted of three types of tests: "Place Navigation Test"; "Probe Test", and "Memory Recall Test". Adult animals were injected daily, after completion of the last trial, either with saline or cocaine (COC; 5mg/kg), MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine; 5mg/kg), morphine (MOR; 5mg/kg), or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 2mg/kg). Results revealed worsened MWM performance in female rats after drug treatment in adulthood. Not only were traditionally investigated parameters affected by drug treatment (latency of platform acquisition, search strategy, distance traveled), but also strategies used by animals (thigmotaxis, scanning). Analyses of search strategies observed in the Place Navigation Test, as well as in the Memory Recall Test, demonstrated variations in the percentage of time spent in thigmotaxis and scanning in females after treatment with COC, MDMA, MOR, and THC. Although we did not see a sensitizing effect of prenatal MA, in some cases the effect of drug treatment in adulthood differed depending on the prenatal drug exposure. The data presented in this study demonstrates that exposure to drugs with various mechanisms of action alters spatial abilities of female rats in the MWM. Alterations in the effect of adult drug treatment with reference to prenatal drug exposure were also found in the present study.
- MeSH
- kognice účinky léků MeSH
- kokain farmakologie MeSH
- methamfetamin toxicita MeSH
- morfin farmakologie MeSH
- N-methyl-3,4-methylendioxyamfetamin farmakologie MeSH
- náhodné rozdělení MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- prostorová navigace účinky léků MeSH
- prostorové učení účinky léků MeSH
- psychologické testy MeSH
- psychotropní léky farmakologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- tetrahydrokanabinol farmakologie MeSH
- zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice psychologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
