spatial vision
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Článek prezentuje dílčí úspěchy v rámci intervence zrakového terapeuta / tyflopeda v jedné osobě a klinického logopeda v součinnosti s ergoterapeutem u klientky s kombinovaným postižením v oblasti sebesycení a nastavení režimových opatření k řešení projevů dysfagie. Kromě aspektu samostatného přijímání stravy jsou zdůrazněny i další specifické oblasti, v nichž je podporována samostatnost klientky s cílem dosáhnout co nejvyšší míry aktivizace. Cílem příspěvku je popsat proces nácviku sebesycení společně s jeho problematickými oblastmi včetně průběhu nastavování režimových opatření souvisejících také s rozvojem prostorové orientace, a to tak, aby tato opatření vyhovovala konkrétní klientce v kontextu poskytování sociální služby. Význam popsané intervence je klíčový z hlediska podpory soběstačnosti osoby se zdravotním postižením ve smyslu cílů poskytování sociálních služeb stejně jako monitorování bezpečnosti procesu příjmu potravy a tekutin.
The article presents partial successes within the framework of the intervention of a vision therapist/therapist for the visually impaired in one person and a clinical speech therapist in collaboration with an occupational therapist, for a client with a combined disability in the area of self-feeding and setting regimen measures to deal with dysphagia symptoms. In addition to the aspect of independent food intake, other specific areas are also emphasised in which the client's independence is supported, with the aim of achieving the highest possible level of activation. The aim of the article is to describe the process of training self-feeding, together with its problematic areas, including the process of setting regimen measures related to the development of spatial orientation so that they suit a particular client in the context of social services provided. The importance of the intervention described above is crucial in terms of supporting the self-sufficiency of a person with a disability, with reference to the goals of providing social services, as well as of monitoring the safety of the process of food and fluid intake.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ergoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mentální retardace komplikace MeSH
- poruchy polykání diagnóza rehabilitace terapie MeSH
- poruchy příjmu potravy diagnóza terapie MeSH
- postižení MeSH
- přijímání potravy MeSH
- psychiatrická rehabilitace MeSH
- psychologické testy MeSH
- samostatný způsob života * MeSH
- sociální práce MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is an age-related cause of vision loss, and the most common repeat expansion-mediated disease in humans characterised to date. Up to 80% of European FECD cases have been attributed to expansion of a non-coding CTG repeat element (termed CTG18.1) located within the ubiquitously expressed transcription factor encoding gene, TCF4. The non-coding nature of the repeat and the transcriptomic complexity of TCF4 have made it extremely challenging to experimentally decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease. Here we comprehensively describe CTG18.1 expansion-driven molecular components of disease within primary patient-derived corneal endothelial cells (CECs), generated from a large cohort of individuals with CTG18.1-expanded (Exp+) and CTG 18.1-independent (Exp-) FECD. We employ long-read, short-read, and spatial transcriptomic techniques to interrogate expansion-specific transcriptomic biomarkers. Interrogation of long-read sequencing and alternative splicing analysis of short-read transcriptomic data together reveals the global extent of altered splicing occurring within Exp+ FECD, and unique transcripts associated with CTG18.1-expansions. Similarly, differential gene expression analysis highlights the total transcriptomic consequences of Exp+ FECD within CECs. Furthermore, differential exon usage, pathway enrichment and spatial transcriptomics reveal TCF4 isoform ratio skewing solely in Exp+ FECD with potential downstream functional consequences. Lastly, exome data from 134 Exp- FECD cases identified rare (minor allele frequency <0.005) and potentially deleterious (CADD>15) TCF4 variants in 7/134 FECD Exp- cases, suggesting that TCF4 variants independent of CTG18.1 may increase FECD risk. In summary, our study supports the hypothesis that at least two distinct pathogenic mechanisms, RNA toxicity and TCF4 isoform-specific dysregulation, both underpin the pathophysiology of FECD. We anticipate these data will inform and guide the development of translational interventions for this common triplet-repeat mediated disease.
- MeSH
- alternativní sestřih genetika MeSH
- endoteliální buňky metabolismus MeSH
- expanze trinukleotidových repetic * genetika MeSH
- Fuchsova endoteliální dystrofie * genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rohovkový endotel metabolismus patologie MeSH
- transkripční faktor 4 * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- transkriptom genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cíl: Cílem práce bylo zjistit hranice vzdálené nasální části zorného pole u pacientů s fyziologickým očním nálezem. Materiál a metody: Vyšetření zorného pole bylo provedeno u 15 zdravých osob (30 očí). U devíti žen ve věku 20–43 let a šesti mužů ve věku 22–35 let. U všech očí byl zjištěn fyziologický oční nález a zraková ostrost 1,0 s korekcí menší nebo rovnou 3 dioptrie. Zorné pole bylo vyšetřeno přístrojem Medmont M700 posunutím fixačního bodu o 40 stupňů temporálně a současného stočení hlavy nasálně, programem prostorové přizpůsobivosti. Celkem bylo zahrnuto 89 vyšetřovaných bodů pomocí flicker podnětů. Výsledky: Vzdálená nasální hranice zorného pole dosáhla u 13,3 % očí 100°, u 20 % očí 105° a u 66,7 % očí až 110°. Závěr: Hranice vzdálené nasální části zorného pole dosahovala 100–110 stupňů (při eliminaci stínění kořenem nosu).
Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the limits of the far nasal part of the visual field. Material and Methods: Visual field examination was performed in 15 healthy subjects (30 eyes), specifically nine women aged 20–43 years and six men aged 22–35 years. All eyes were found to have physiological ocular findings and visual acuity of 1.0 with correction less than or equal to 3 diopters. The visual field was examined with a Medmont M700 instrument by shifting the fixation point 40 degrees temporally and simultaneously turning the head nasally, with a spatial accommodation program. A total of 89 examination points were included using flicker stimuli. Results: The far nasal limit of the visual field reached 100° in 13.3% of eyes, 105° in 20% of eyes and up to 110° in 66.7% of eyes. Conclusion: The limit of the far nasal part of the field of vision reached 100–110 degrees (when nose shielding was eliminated).
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- testy zrakového pole metody MeSH
- zraková ostrost MeSH
- zraková pole * fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
Cíl: Cílem této studie bylo ověřit možné změny konvenčně nediagnostikované nasální části zorného pole u pacientů s diagnózou včasného primárního glaukomu s otevřeným úhlem (PGOÚ) s vysokou tenzí. Materiál a metody: Vyšetření vzdálené nasální části zorného pole bylo provedeno u 30 nemocných (60 očí) s počínajícím PGOÚ (preperimetrické stadium změn). Soubor tvořilo 16 žen (průměrného věku 46,5 let) a 14 mužů (průměrného věku 44,7 let). U všech očí bylo zjištěno glaukomovým programem (rychlý prahový program v rozsahu 50 stupňů nasálně a 22 stupňů temporálně) přístrojem Medmont M700 fyziologické zorné pole. Zraková ostrost byla 1,0 s případnou korekcí menší nebo rovnou ±3 dioptrie, a kromě glaukomového onemocnění neměli jinou oční vadu. Zorné pole bylo následně vyšetřeno stejným přístrojem posunutím fixačního bodu o 40 stupňů temporálně (prostorově adaptabilní program) a současným otočením hlavy o 10 stupňů nasálně. Celkem bylo zahrnuto 89 vyšetřovacích bodů s použitím flicker podnětů a rozsahem 0–120 stupňů nasálně. Výsledky: U všech očí byla zjištěna deprese vzdálené periferie nasální části zorného pole v rozsahu od 50 do 95 stupňů, při normální zorném poli vyšetřeným glaukomovým programem. Závěr: Při normálním zorném poli vyšetřeném rychlým prahovým glaukomovým programem byly u všech nemocných PGOÚ zjištěny změny v distální části nasální periferie zorného pole.
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine possible changes in the conventionally undiagnosed nasal visual field in patients diagnosed with early primary open angle glaucoma. Material and Methods: Examination of the far nasal part of the visual field was performed in 30 patients (60 eyes) with early stage of primary open angle glaucoma (preperimetric stage of changes). The cohort consisted of 16 women (mean age 46.5 years) and 14 men (mean age 44.7 years). In all eyes, the glaucoma program (rapid threshold program of 50 degrees nasally and 22 degrees temporally) was performed with the Medmont M700 instrument to determine the physiological visual field. Visual acuity was 1.0 with a possible correction less than or equal to ±3 diopters and they had no other ocular defect except glaucoma disease. The visual field was subsequently examined with the same instrument by moving the fixation point 40 degrees temporally (spatially adaptive program) and simultaneously turning the head 10 degrees nasally. A total of 89 examination points were included using flicker stimuli and a range of 0–120 degrees nasally. Results: The far nasal limit of the visual field reached 100° in 13.33% of eyes, 105° in 20% of eyes and up to 110° in 66.67% of eyes. Conclusion: In all eyes, depression of the distal periphery of the nasal part of the visual field was found to range from 50 to 95 degrees, with a normal visual field examined by the glaucoma program.
- MeSH
- časná diagnóza MeSH
- glaukom s otevřeným úhlem diagnóza MeSH
- glaukom * diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- optická koherentní tomografie MeSH
- testy zrakového pole metody MeSH
- zraková pole MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
Background: Visual occlusion reduces players' field of vision and directly affects their physical, technical and positional performance. Therefore, it is important to understand how visual perception is affected, and whether training with visual occlusion leads to an improvement in performance.Objective: This study aimed to examine whether training with visual occlusion could improve technical skills in young football players. Methods: Thirty male Under-14 amateur football players were randomly assigned to a visual occlusion group (OCC; n = 15) and a control group (CON; n = 15). In addition to the conventional training program, the OCC performed visual occlusion training sessions using spatial occlusion goggles that removed the sight of the participants' limbs and lower body. The CON performed only the conventional training program. The study consisted of a pre-test, two months of training intervention and a post-test. Contextualised technical skills were tested using the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test. Results: Both OCC (p = .21) and CON (p = .43) did not change Trial performance. However, the OCC experienced small-to-moderate improvements in Penalty time (p = .002; d = 0.51, 95% CI [0.10, 0.70]) and Global performance (p = .005, d = 0.44, 95% CI [0.05, 0.66]). The CON did not show changes in Penalty time (p = .61) and Global performance (p = .89) variables. A significant moment × group interaction was found in Penalty time (p = .016, ηp2 = .19, 95% CI [.03, .48]) and Global performance (p = .011, ηp2 = .21, 95% CI [.01, .45]). Conclusions: The OCC has shown a significant reduction in the amount of time required to complete the trial and the Penalty time. These results suggest that incorporating visual occlusion as a paradigm into a training program for football players may positively impact their technical skills.
Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessels growing from existing vasculature. Visualizing them as a three-dimensional (3D) model is a challenging, yet relevant, task as it would be of great help to researchers, pathologists, and medical doctors. A branching analysis on the 3D model would further facilitate research and diagnostic purposes. In this paper, a pipeline of vision algorithms is elaborated to visualize and analyze blood vessels in 3D from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) granulation tissue sections with two different staining methods. First, a U-net neural network is used to segment blood vessels from the tissues. Second, image registration is used to align the consecutive images. Coarse registration using an image-intensity optimization technique, followed by finetuning using a neural network based on Spatial Transformers, results in an excellent alignment of images. Lastly, the corresponding segmented masks depicting the blood vessels are aligned and interpolated using the results of the image registration, resulting in a visualized 3D model. Additionally, a skeletonization algorithm is used to analyze the branching characteristics of the 3D vascular model. In summary, computer vision and deep learning is used to reconstruct, visualize and analyze a 3D vascular model from a set of parallel tissue samples. Our technique opens innovative perspectives in the pathophysiological understanding of vascular morphogenesis under different pathophysiological conditions and its potential diagnostic role.
... -- Foreword 7 -- List of Contributors 9 -- 1/ Prague and the Central Bohemian Region: Main Socio-spatial ... ... Typology of Municipalities in the Central Bohemian Region -- (Martin Ouředníček, Jiří Nemeškal) 25 -- 3/ Spatial ... ... Dvořáková, Marie Horháková) 131 -- 9 / Demographic Future of the Central Bohemian Region: A Prognostic Vision ...
1. elektronické vydání 1 online zdroj (170 stran)
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Agentury pro zdravotnický výzkum MZ ČR
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Skolióza je nejčastější trojdimenzionální deformita páteře v dětském věku. Jenom její včasná léčba, v průběhu růstu páteře, může zásadně ovlivnit potíže v dospělosti, které s sebou tato deformita zákonitě přináší. Výsledky konzervativní terapie jsou pochybné a při určitém stupni zakřivení je nutné přistoupit k operační léčbě, která v současné době spočívá v opakovaných reoperacích páteře s vysokým rizikem komplikací, což vede nejen ke sníženému komfortu, ale také horšímu celoživotnímu společenskému uplatnění a snížení průměrné délky života mladého pacienta.; Scoliosis embodies the most frequent three-dimensional spinal deformity in children. Only timely treatment during the growth may significantly reduce related health problems inflicted by the deformity on adults. The results obtained via conservative therapy are problematic and a certain degree of curvature already requires surgical treatment, that currently consists in repeated spinal surgeries posing a high risk of complications. Such a situation then generates a set of multiple hazards and lowers the patient’s comfort, life expectancy, and chances of benefiting from adequate social and professional participation.
- MeSH
- mechanický stres MeSH
- neurochirurgické výkony MeSH
- páteř chirurgie MeSH
- počítačem asistovaná terapie MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- prostorová analýza MeSH
- skolióza MeSH
- umělá inteligence MeSH
- vývoj dítěte MeSH
- Konspekt
- Pediatrie
- NLK Obory
- pediatrie
- neurochirurgie
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR
Stereology-based methods provide the current state-of-the-art approaches for accurate quantification of numbers and other morphometric parameters of biological objects in stained tissue sections. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI)-based deep learning (DL) offers the possibility of improving throughput by automating the collection of stereology data. We have recently shown that DL can effectively achieve comparable accuracy to manual stereology but with higher repeatability, improved throughput, and less variation due to human factors by quantifying the total number of immunostained cells at their maximal profile of focus in extended depth of field (EDF) images. In the first of two novel contributions in this work, we propose a semi-automatic approach using a handcrafted Adaptive Segmentation Algorithm (ASA) to automatically generate ground truth on EDF images for training our deep learning (DL) models to automatically count cells using unbiased stereology methods. This update increases the amount of training data, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of automatic cell counting methods, without a requirement for extra expert time. The second contribution of this work is a Multi-channel Input and Multi-channel Output (MIMO) method using a U-Net deep learning architecture for automatic cell counting in a stack of z-axis images (also known as disector stacks). This DL-based digital automation of the ordinary optical fractionator ensures accurate counts through spatial separation of stained cells in the z-plane, thereby avoiding false negatives from overlapping cells in EDF images without the shortcomings of 3D and recurrent DL models. The contribution overcomes the issue of under-counting errors with EDF images due to overlapping cells in the z-plane (masking). We demonstrate the practical applications of these advances with automatic disector-based estimates of the total number of NeuN-immunostained neurons in a mouse neocortex. In summary, this work provides the first demonstration of automatic estimation of a total cell number in tissue sections using a combination of deep learning and the disector-based optical fractionator method.
PURPOSE: To describe the effect of dioptric blur on visual evoked potentials (VEPs) induced by motion onset (MO-VEPs). METHODS: The effect of dioptric blur up to 4 D on MO-VEPs was tested on 12 subjects using central, peripheral, and full-field stimulation with a low-contrast structure of concentric circles with spatial frequency <1 c/°. The results were compared to VEPs evoked by 15' and 60' checkerboard pattern-reversal (PR-VEPs). The relationship between peak time and interpeak amplitude of the dominant components was related to the level of dioptric blur using linear regression. RESULTS: The MO-VEPs did not show a significant peak prolongation (P > 0.28) or amplitude attenuation (P > 0.14) with the blur, whereas for the PR-VEPs we observed a significant decrease in amplitude (P < 0.001) and increase in peak time (P < 0.001) for both checkerboard sizes. CONCLUSIONS: For MO-VEPs induced by radial motion of low contrast and low spatial frequency pattern, the change in retinal blur does not affect the peak time or the interpeak amplitude of the dominant N2 component. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: The resistance to retinal blur that we demonstrated for MO-VEP provides a diagnostic opportunity to test the integrity of the visual system and reveal a retrobulbar impairment even in uncorrected refractive errors.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zrakové evokované potenciály * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH