spray drying
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
Spray drying is commonly used for producing amorphous solid dispersions to improve drug solubility. The development of such formulations typically relies on comprehensive excipient and composition screening, which requires the preparation of many spray-dried powder samples. This is both labour-intensive and time-consuming when carried out manually. In the present work, the formulation screening task was automated by coupling a laboratory spray dryer operated in a semi-continuous mode with custom-made add-ons, allowing for rapid, computer-controlled production of formulation samples with systematically varying composition. The practical use of the spray drying robot in formulation development was demonstrated on a case study of poorly water-soluble model drugs simvastatin and ezetimibe. Six different polymers and several drug:polymer ratios were screened for the enhancement of dissolution properties. From a pool of 28 spray-dried samples, ternary compositions containing Eudragit L100-55 were identified as the most suitable ones for further processing and characterisation. The ability to populate the formulation design space rapidly and automatically made it possible to construct maps of physico-chemical properties such as glass transition temperature or dissolution rate. The spray drying robot thus enables the acceleration of early formulation development and a deeper understanding of composition-property relationships for multi-component spray dried powders.
- MeSH
- polymery chemie MeSH
- příprava léků MeSH
- robotika * MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- sprejové sušení * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Spray drying and hot-melt extrusion are among the most prevalent preparation techniques used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). This study advances previous research by integrating sample production, comprehensive analytical characterization, intrinsic dissolution rate measurements, and assessments of the behavior of ASDs under elevated temperature and humidity conditions. The study focuses on indomethacin, a widely used model for poorly soluble drugs, processed with PVP K30 or HPMC E5, both commonly used polymers. The findings demonstrate that hot-melt extruded samples exhibit superior stability against recrystallization, whereas spray dried samples achieve higher intrinsic dissolution rates. Furthermore, PVP K30 significantly outperforms HPMC E5 in the co-processing of indomethacin, enhancing both the intrinsic dissolution rate and the stability.
- MeSH
- deriváty hypromelózy chemie MeSH
- farmaceutická chemie metody MeSH
- indomethacin * chemie MeSH
- krystalizace * MeSH
- povidon chemie MeSH
- příprava léků metody MeSH
- rozpustnost * MeSH
- sprejové sušení * MeSH
- stabilita léku * MeSH
- technologie extruze tavenin * metody MeSH
- uvolňování léčiv MeSH
- vlhkost MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- vysoušení metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this study was optimization of spray-drying process conditions for microencapsulation of Turkish oregano extract. Different concentrations of maltodextrin and gum arabic as encapsulating agents (wall material) as well as influence of selected processing variables were evaluated. The optimal conditions were maintained on the basis of the load of main bioactive compounds - ursolic, rosmarinic acids and carvacrol - in prepared microparticles after comparison of all significant response variables using desirability function. Physicomechanical properties of powders such as flowability, wettability, solubility, moisture content as well as product yield, encapsulation efficiency (EE), density, morphology and size distribution of prepared microparticles have been determined. The results demonstrated that the optimal conditions for spray-drying mixture consisted of two parts of wall material solution and one part of ethanolic oregano extract when the feed flow rate was 40 mL/min and air inlet temperature -170 °C. Optimal concentration of wall materials in solution was 20% while the ratio of maltodextrin and gum arabic was 8.74:1.26.
- MeSH
- arabská guma MeSH
- dobromysl (rod) * MeSH
- příprava léků * MeSH
- tobolky MeSH
- vysoušení MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this work, novel amorphous solid dispersions based on yeast glucan particles were produced. Yeast glucan particles are hollow and porous, and they are mainly composed of amorphous polysaccharides. We hypothesized that these particles are suitable candidates for the amorphization of drugs with low water solubility. Model drugs ibuprofen and curcumin were successfully encapsulated in glucan particles by spray drying. Different spray-drying parameters were tested to evaluate the influence of atomizing droplet size and initial solid content on encapsulation efficiency. It was shown that higher solid content and, more significantly, larger droplet sizes lead to higher encapsulation efficiencies. The encapsulation efficiency of ibuprofen (10 wt%) into glucan particles was considerably improved from 41.3 ± 0.5% to 64.3 ± 0.2% by increasing initial solid content and droplet size with the two-fluid nozzle. The spray drying process was further optimized by using the ultrasonic nozzle and it was possible to achieve complete encapsulation of ibuprofen and curcumin without any precipitation of the active compound outside of the glucan particles. Overall, it was possible to produce completely amorphous composites with outstanding wettability and dispersion properties, and with significantly faster dissolution rates when compared to the micronized crude drug.
- MeSH
- aerosoly MeSH
- beta-glukany chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- ibuprofen chemie MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- kurkumin chemie MeSH
- nosiče léků * MeSH
- příprava léků MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae chemie MeSH
- ultrazvuk * MeSH
- uvolňování léčiv MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- vysoušení * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Formulace mikročástic složených ze směsi nosičů představuje inovativní přístup pro podání léčiv do plic ve formě suchého prášku. Použité nosiče mohou významně ovlivnit výsledné vlastnosti mikročástic, jako je velikost, tvar, povrch, hygroskopicita či agregace, a tím zlepšit aerosolizaci léčiv po jejich inhalaci. Zmíněné vlastnosti jsou klíčové pro efektivní pulmonální terapii. Kombinací nosičů povahy sacharidů a gelujících látek je výhodné pro řízené uvolňování léčiva. Cílem experimentální práce bylo sprejovým sušením připravit a následně zhodnotit několik šarží mikročástic složených z nosičů na bázi cukrů (manitol, maltodextrin, dextran) a gelujících sacharidů (chitosan, chondroitin-sulfát) a vybrat vhodnou kombinaci pro navazující experimentální práce zaměřené na inkorporaci léčiva do mikročásticové matrice. Nejvhodnější parametry vykazovaly šarže, jejichž aerodynamický průměr se blížil 5 μm, a to částice připravené z kombinace manitolu a dextranu, chitosanu a chondroitinu nebo maltodextrinu a chondoitinu. U těchto šarží byla také naměřena nejvyšší hodnota frakce jemných částic (> 43 %). Z pohledu zpracovatelnosti je vhodná šarže se zastoupením maltodextrinu a chondroitinu vzhledem k nižší viskozitě vstupní disperze a pravidelnějšímu tvaru finálních mikročástic.
The formulation of microparticles composed of a mixture of carriers represents an innovative approach for lung drug delivery of dry powder. The carriers used can significantly influence the properties of the microparticles, such as size, shape, surface area, hygroscopicity, or aggregation, thus improving the aerosolization of the drugs after inhalation. The properties mentioned above are crucial for effective pulmonary therapy. The combination of carriers of a carbohydrate nature and gelling agents is advantageous for controlled drug release. The experimental work aimed to prepare by spray drying and subsequently evaluate ten batches of microparticles composed of sugar-based carriers (mannitol, maltodextrin, dextran) and gelling polymers (chitosan, chondroitin sulfate) and to select a suitable combination for follow-up experimental work aimed at drug incorporation into the microparticle matrix. The most suitable parameters were exhibited by batches whose aerodynamic diameter was close to 5 μm, particles prepared from a combination of mannitol and dextran, chitosan and chondroitin, or maltodextrin and chondroitin. These batches also showed the highest fine particle fraction value (> 43%). From a processability point of view, the batch with maltodextrin and chondroitin is preferable due to the lower viscosity of the dispersion and the more regular shape of the final microparticles.
- MeSH
- aplikace inhalační MeSH
- farmaceutický výzkum MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroplasty MeSH
- nosiče léků * MeSH
- sprejové sušení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Inhalační podání suchých práškových částic je využívanou aplikační cestou pro dosažení lokálního i systémového působení léčiv. U plicních onemocnění je žádoucí depozice léčiv v místě účinku. Pro efektivní léčbu jsou tak zásadní parametry inhalovaných částic, a to především jejich velikost, tvar nebo aerosolizační parametry. Vhodných parametrů je možné dosáhnout volbou metody přípravy nebo pomocných látek (nosičů, porogenů nebo aerosolizačních činidel). Cílem experimentu byla příprava jedenácti šarží práškových směsí sprejovým sušením, které se lišily použitým nosičem, množstvím leucinu či porogenu. Cílem bylo optimalizovat složení pro navázání léčiva s ohledem na požadavky pro plicní podání. Připravené částice byly zhodnoceny z hlediska morfologie, tokových vlastností, pórovitosti, geometrického i aerodynamického průměru. Bylo zjištěno, že se zvyšující se koncentrací leucinu se sypná hustota částic snižovala a zároveň rostla hodnota FPF. Stejně tak docházelo i ke snižování MMAD. Jako vhodná se jevila šarže obsahující 15 % leucinu. Při stanovení optimální koncentrace porogenu (hydrogenuhličitan amonný) u manitolových částic dosahovala nejlepších výsledků šarže s jeho 1% zastoupením, vzhledem k vyhovující velikosti částic oproti ostatním šaržím (MMAD 5,92 ± 1,32 μm), vhodné pórovitosti a obecně přijatelné morfologii částic. Za účelem formulace částic s navázaným léčivem by tedy bylo vhodné snížit aerodynamický průměr částic např. úpravou procesních parametrů sprejového sušení.
Inhalation administration of dry powder particles is a common application route to achieve local and systemic drug effects. For pulmonary diseases, the deposition of drugs at the site of action is desirable. Thus, the parameters of the inhaled particles, especially their size, shape, or aerosolization, are essential for effective treatment. Suitable parameters can be achieved by choice of preparation method or excipients (carriers, porogens, or aerosolizing agents). This experiment aimed to prepare 11 batches of powder mixtures by spray drying, which differed in the carrier used and the amount of leucine or porogen. The aim was to optimize the formulation for drug binding concerning the requirements for pulmonary administration. The prepared particles were evaluated in terms of morphology, flow properties, porosity, and geometric and aerodynamic diameter. It was found that with increasing concentration of leucine, the bulk density of the particles decreased while the FPF value increased. Similarly, there was a decrease in MMAD. The batch containing 15% leucine was the most suitable. In determining the optimum porogen concentration for mannitol particles, the batch with its 1% gave the best results due to its adequate particle size compared to the other batches (MMAD 5.92 ± 1.32 μm), suitable porosity, and particle morphology. Thus, to formulate drug-loaded particles, it would be advisable to reduce the aerodynamic diameter of the particles, e.g., by spray drying process parameters.
The paper discusses the real-time monitoring of the changing sample morphology during the entire lyophilization (freeze-drying) and vacuum-drying processes of model biopharmaceutical solutions by using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM); the device's micromanipulators were used to study the interior of the samples in-situ without exposing the samples to atmospheric water vapor. The individual collapse temperatures (Tc) of the formulations, pure bovine serum albumin (BSA) and BSA/sucrose mixtures, ranged from -5 to -29 °C. We evaluated the impact of the freezing method (spontaneous freezing, controlled ice nucleation, and spray freezing) on the morphologies of the lyophiles at the constant drying temperature of -20 °C. The formulations with Tc above -20 °C resulted in the lyophiles' morphologies significantly dependent on the freezing method. We interpret the observations as an interplay of the freezing rates and directionalities, both of which markedly influence the morphologies of the frozen formulations, and, subsequently, the drying process and the mechanical stability of the freeze-dried cake. The formulation with Tc below -20 °C yielded a collapsed cake with features independent of the freezing method. The vacuum-drying produced a material with a smooth and pore-free surface, where deep cracks developed at the end of the process.
Inhalation is used for local therapy of the lungs and as an alternative route for systemic drug delivery. Modern powder inhalation systems try to target the required site of action/absorption in the respiratory tract. Large porous particles (LPPs) with a size >5 μm and a low mass density (usually measured as bulk or tapped) of <0.4 g/cm3 can avoid protective lung mechanisms. Their suitable aerodynamic properties make them perspective formulations for deep lung deposition. This experiment studied the effect of spray-drying process parameters on LPP properties. An experimental design of twelve experiments with a central point was realized using the Box-Behnken method. Three process parameters (drying temperature, pump speed, and air speed) were combined on three levels. Particles were formed from a D-mannitol solution, representing a perspective material for lung microparticles. The microparticles were characterized in terms of physical size (laser diffraction), aerodynamic diameter (aerodynamic particle sizer), morphology (SEM), and densities. The novelty and main goal of this research were to describe how the complex parameters of the spray-drying process affect the properties of mannitol LPPs. New findings can provide valuable data to other researchers, leading to the easy tuning of the properties of spray-dried particles by changing the process setup.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Práce studuje lisovatelnost a dobu rozpadu tablet ze směsného suchého pojiva DisintequikTM MCC v kombinaci se dvěma mazadly ve dvou koncentracích v závislosti na lisovací síle. Dále porovnává stejné parametry u fyzikálních směsí sprejově sušené laktosy Flowlacu? 100 a mikrokrystalické celulosy Microcelu? MC-102 v poměrech 1 : 9, 2 : 8 a 3 : 7 opět v kombinaci se dvěma mazadly ve dvou koncentracích při jedné lisovací síle. Použitá mazadla jsou stearan hořečnatý a poloxamer 407 v koncentraci 1% a 2%. Lisovatelnost je hodnocena pomocí energetické bilance lisování a pevnosti tablet v tahu. DisintequikTM MCC vykazuje vyšší hodnoty celkové energie lisování díky vyšším hodnotám energie akumulované tabletou, vyšší plasticitu, vyšší pevnost a delší dobu rozpadu tablet než obsahově odpovídající fyzikální směs sprejově sušené laktosy a mikrokrystalické celulosy.
The paper studies the compressibility and disintegration time of tablets from the co-processed dry binder DisintequikTM MCC in combination with two lubricants at two concentrations in dependence on compression force. It also compares identical parameters in the physical mixtures of the spray-dried lactose Flowlac? 100 and the microcrystalline cellulose Microcel? MC-102 in the ratios of 9 : 1, 8 : 2 and 7 : 3, again in combination with two lubricants of two concentrations at one compression force. The lubricants employed are magnesium stearate and poloxamer 407 in concentrations of 1% and 2%. Compressibility is evaluated by means of energy balance of compression and tensile strength of tablets. DisintequikTM MCC shows higher values of total energy of compression due to higher values of the energy accumulated by the tablet, higher plasticity, higher strength and a longer disintegration time of tablets than the physical mixture of spray-dried lactose and microcrystalline cellulose of a corresponding content.
- MeSH
- celulosa MeSH
- farmaceutická technologie MeSH
- farmaceutické pomocné látky MeSH
- fyzikální chemie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pevnost v tahu MeSH
- pevnost v tlaku MeSH
- poloxamer MeSH
- pomocné látky MeSH
- příprava léků MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- stearany MeSH
- tablety MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH