The formation of memories is a complex, multi-scale phenomenon, especially when it involves integration of information from various brain systems. We have investigated the differences between a novel and consolidated association of spatial cues and amphetamine administration, using an in situ hybridisation method to track the short-term dynamics during the recall testing. We have found that remote recall group involves smaller, but more consolidated groups of neurons, which is consistent with their specialisation. By employing machine learning analysis, we have shown this pattern is especially pronounced in the VTA; furthermore, we also uncovered significant activity patterns in retrosplenial and prefrontal cortices, as well as in the DG and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus. The behavioural propensity towards the associated localisation appears to be driven by the nucleus accumbens, however, further modulated by a trio of the amygdala, VTA and hippocampus, as the trained association is confronted with test experience. Moreover, chemogenetic analysis revealed central amygdala as critical for linking appetitive emotional states with spatial contexts. These results show that memory mechanisms must be modelled considering individual differences in motivation, as well as covering dynamics of the process.

• MeSH
• amfetamin farmakologie   MeSH
• amygdala fyziologie   MeSH
• hipokampus * fyziologie   MeSH
• konsolidace paměti * fyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• neurony fyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nucleus accumbens * fyziologie   MeSH
• odměna * MeSH
• paměť fyziologie   MeSH
• podněty MeSH
• prefrontální mozková kůra fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpomínání * fyziologie   MeSH
• strojové učení MeSH
• tegmentum mesencephali - area ventralis * fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Úvod: Záměrem studie bylo zhodnotit vliv tetrapolární aplikace středofrekvenčních proudů (izoplanárního vektorového pole) v oblasti hrudní páteře na kardiální autonomní nervový systém pomocí vybraných spektrálních a časových ukazatelů variability srdeční frekvence (VSF) u zdravých probandů. Metody: Ve studii byla využita metoda spektrální analýzy variability srdeční frekvence v krátkodobých záznamech. Jednalo se o komparativní studii. Výzkumný soubor se skládal z 11 zdravých jedinců – 6 mužů a 5 žen ve věku 22 až 26 let (průměrný věk byl 24,1 let; SD ±0,7). Kontrolní skupinu tvořilo 12 zdravých jedinců – 3 muži a 9 žen ve věku 22 až 26 let (průměrný věk byl 23,5 let; SD ±0,9). Výsledky: Při porovnání jednotlivých parametrů variability srdeční frekvence v pozici leh 2 (druhý leh před aplikací izoplanárního vektorového pole) a leh 4 (druhý leh po aplikaci izoplanárního vektorového) pole došlo k signifikantnímu vzestupu hodnoty parametru MSSD (p = 0,04). U kontrolní skupiny došlo k signifikantnímu vzestupu hodnoty parametru R-R intervaly (p = 0,003). Závěr: Výsledky studie prokázaly pouze velmi malý vliv středofrekvenčních proudů na kardiální autonomní nervový systém (ANS).

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of tetrapolar application of medium frequency currents (isoplanar vector field) in the thoracic spine area on the cardiac autonomic nervous system evaluated using the selected spectral and temporal indicators of heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy probands. Methods: The study used the method of spectral analysis of heart rate variability in short-term recordings. The experimental group consisted of 11 healthy individuals, 6 males and 5 females, aged 22 to 26 years (mean age 24.1 years; SD ±0.7). The control group consisted of 12 healthy individuals, 3 males and 9 females, aged 22 to 26 years (mean age 23.5 years; SD ±0.9). Results: When comparing the individual parameters of heart rate variability in the position of supine 2 (the second supine before the application of the isoplanar vector field) and supine 4 (the second supine after the application of the isoplanar vector field), there was a significant increase in the value of the MSSD parameter (P = 0.04). In the control group, there was a significant increase in the value of the R-R interval parameter (P = 0.003). Conclusion: The results of the study showed only a very small effect of tetrapolar application of medium frequency currents on the cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS).

• Klíčová slova
• variabilita srdeční frekvence, středofrekvenční proudy,
• MeSH
• autonomní nervový systém * MeSH
• elektrostimulační terapie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• spektrální analýza MeSH
• srdeční frekvence * MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The selection of proper reference genes and materials is critical in the design of PCR experiments, especially for differential expression studies. In this study, we propose a method to identify robust endogenous control miRNAs in the visceral adipose tissue of C57BL/6J mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by alternating Western and control diets. This study outlines a comprehensive methodology for the analysis of microRNA endogenous controls using microfluidic cards in conjunction with miRNA profiling through small RNA sequencing and subsequent validation by quantitative PCR and the RefFinder algorithm. Criteria included were fold change, p-value, reads per million, and gene stability assessment. A set of six putative endogenous microRNAs was identified (miR-331-3p, let-7a-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-151a-5p, let-7d-5p, and let-7c-5p). Subsequent validation and analysis using the RefFinder algorithm assessed the stability of the selected genes, and a combination of the three most stable endogenous miRNA controls (miR-331-3p, let-7a- 5p, and miR-1839-5p) exhibiting consistent expression patterns with minimal variability was set. Given the absence of universal endogenous controls, individual evaluation of normalizers for each experiment is imperative for accurate miRNA expression measurements. This approach, which combines multiple techniques and assessments, provides a reliable strategy for identifying and validating endogenous controls in miRNA studies.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• mikro RNA * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nealkoholová steatóza jater * genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nitrobřišní tuk * metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study investigated the striatopallidal complex's involvement in status epilepticus (SE) caused by morphological neurodegenerative changes in a post-natal immature developing brain in a lithium-pilocarpine male Wistar albino rat model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. One hundred experimental pups were grouped by age as follows: 12, 15, 18, 21, and 25 days. SE was induced by lithium-pilocarpine. Brain sections were microscopically examined by Fluoro-Jade B fluorescence stain at intervals of 4, 12, 24, and 48 h and 1 week after SE. Each interval was composed of four induced SE pups and a control. Fluoro-Jade B positive neurons in the dorsal striatum (DS) were screened and plotted on stereotaxic rat brain maps. The DS showed consistent neuronal damage in pups aged 18, 21, and 25 days. The peak of the detected damage was observed in pups aged 18 days, and the start of the morphological sequela was observed 12 h post SE. The neuronal damage in the DS was distributed around its periphery, extending medially. The damaged neurons showed intense Fluoro-Jade B staining at the intervals of 12 and 24 h post SE. SE neuronal damage was evidenced in the post-natal developing brain selectively in the DS and was age-dependent with differing morphological sequela.

• MeSH
• corpus striatum * patologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• epilepsie temporálního laloku * patologie   chemicky indukované   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• neurony patologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• pilokarpin MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• status epilepticus * patologie   chemicky indukované   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Úvod: Akutní mastoiditida je hnisavý zánět sliznice mastoidních sklípků s rozpadem mezisklípkových kostěných sept. Je to nejčastější intratemporální zánětlivá komplikace středoušního zánětu u dětí. Včasná diagnostika a léčba jsou klíčové pro prevenci šíření zánětu ze spánkové kosti extraa intrakraniálně. Cíl práce: Cílem této retrospektivní studie je analyzovat případy akutní mastoiditidy u dětí na našem pracovišti. Studie se zaměřuje na vyhodnocení incidence akutní mastoiditidy u dětské populace, identifikaci hlavních etiologických agens odpovědných za tuto infekci a analýzu současných terapeutických přístupů, prevence a její afektivity. Materiál a metody: Formou retrospektivní studie byla zpracována data pacientů ošetřených a hospitalizovaných na dětském oddělení a na oddělení ORL KZ, a. s. – Nemocnice Děčín, o.z., v období 1. 1. 2015 – 1. 9. 2022 se stanovenou diagnózou akutní mastoiditida – H-700 dle MKN-10, vyhledáno pomocí nemocničního informačního systému. Výsledky: Do hodnoceného souboru bylo zahrnuto 23 pacientů. Sledovaní pacienti v souboru byli převážně ve věku 12–18 let. Nejméně dětí bylo ve věkové skupině do 6 let. Nejčetnějším původcem v uvedené studii byl Streptococcus pneumoniae se subtypy 3 a 8, na které, jak ukázala studie, vakcína Synflorix není účinná. Všem sledovaným pacientům byla nasazena empirická antibiotická terapie. Ve skupině případů od 12 do 18 let byla terapie antibiotiky zahájena v monoterapii. U mladších pacientů sestávala antibiotická terapie vždy z dvojkombinace antibiotik, jednalo se zejména o dvojkombinaci clindamycin + gentamycin. U 13 z 23 případů byla indikována chirurgická terapie. Ve většině případů se délka hospitalizace nezměnila v závislosti na věku, ani na etiologickém agens, či místě bydliště. Nebyla nalezena závislost mezi typem léčby akutní mastoiditidy a původcem onemocnění či ovlivněním sluchu. Závěr: V naší retrospektivní studii jsme zjistili, že incidence akutní mastoiditidy koreluje se všeobecně známou incidencí v rámci České republiky a celosvětovými daty. Studie prokazuje, že jako nejčastější patogen akutní mastoiditidy u dětí je identifikován Streptococcus pneumoniae. Analýza ukázala, že vakcína Prevenar 13 vykazuje lepší účinnost v prevenci akutní mastoiditidy ve srovnání s vakcínou Synflorix. Tyto výsledky naznačují, že přehodnocení používané vakcinační strategie by mohlo přispět k dalšímu snížení incidence akutní mastoiditidy. Lze konstatovat, že délka rekonvalescence a možné ovlivnění sluchu po léčbě akutní mastoiditidy nemusí záviset na typu mikrobiálního původce. Doporučujeme pokračovat v monitorování a hodnocení účinnosti vakcín a klinických přístupů ke zlepšení prevence a léčby této závažné komplikace středoušního zánětu.

Introduction: Acute mastoiditis is a purulent inflammation of the mastoid mucosa with disintegration of the interstitial bone septa. It is the most common intratemporal inflammatory complication of otitis media in children. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent the spread of inflammation from the temporal bone extraand intracranially. Aim of the study: The aim of this retrospective study is to analyze the cases of acute mastoiditis in children in our department. The study aims to evaluate the incidence of acute mastoiditis in the pediatric population, identify the main etiological agents responsible for this infection, and analyze current therapeutic approaches, prevention, and its effectiveness. Materials and methods: The data of patients treated and hospitalized in the children‘s ward and ENT department of KZ, a. s. – Hospital Děčín, o.z., from 1 January 2015 – 1 September 2022 with the diagnosis – acute mastoiditis – H-700 according to ICD-10, were searched using the hospital information system, and were processed in the form of a retrospective study. Results: 23 patients were included in the evaluated cohort. The study population was mainly aged 12–18 years. The smallest number of children were in the age group under 6 years. Streptococcus pneumoniae with subtypes 3 and 8 was the most frequent causative agent in the study, for which the Synflorix vaccine was shown to be ineffective. Empiric antibiotic therapy was administered to all patients studied. In the group of cases aged 12 to 18 years, antibiotic therapy was started in monotherapy. In younger patients, antibiotic therapy always consisted of a double combination of antibiotics, in particular Clindamycin and Gentamycin. Surgical therapy was indicated in 13 of 23 cases. In most cases, the length of hospital stay did not vary with age, etiologic agent, or place of residence. No dependence was found between the type of treatment for acute mastoiditis or the causative agent of the disease or the effect on hearing. Conclusion: In our retrospective study, we found that the incidence of acute mastoiditis correlates with the generally known incidence in the Czech Republic and global data.The study shows that Streptococcus pneumoniae is identified as the most common pathogen of acute mastoiditis in children. The analysis showed that the Prevenar 13 vaccine showed better efficacy in preventing acute mastoiditis compared to the Synflorix vaccine. These results suggest that reassessment of the vaccination strategy used could contribute to further reduction in the incidence of acute mastoiditis. It can be concluded that the length of recovery and possible impact on hearing after treatment of acute mastoiditis may not depend on the type of microbial agent. We recommend continued monitoring and evaluation of vaccine efficacy and clinical approaches to improve prevention and treatment of this serious complication of otitis media.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastoiditida * etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• pneumokokové infekce komplikace   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• pneumokokové vakcíny MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) are autoimmune illnesses characterised by chronic inflammation demonstrating differential associations with psychiatric conditions. OBJECTIVE: In this matched-cohort study, we aimed to investigate whether the associations between these inflammatory illnesses and mental disorders are predominantly the consequence of the burden of the former or whether common causes might underpin the susceptibility to both. METHODS: Using Czech national inpatient care data, we identified individuals with RA or axSpA during the years 1999-2012. We investigated the occurrence of psychiatric outcomes up to 2017 using stratified Cox proportional hazards models. In evidence triangulation, we assessed the potential moderation by age at inflammatory illness, the associations relative to counterparts with other similarly burdensome chronic illnesses and the temporal ordering of conditions. FINDINGS: Both RA and axSpA were associated with mood and anxiety disorders and behavioural syndromes. In evidence triangulation, the associations with depression showed a decreasing age-at-inflammatory-illness gradient in RA; the association between RA and depression was stronger than that between other chronic illnesses and depression; and excluding prevalent depression attenuated the RA-depression association. RA showed consistent inverse associations with schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Common aetiologies might be involved in increasing the risk of developing both RA and depression. The consistent inverse associations between RA and schizophrenia and between RA and Alzheimer's disease suggest that at least part of these associations might also be a consequence of shared aetiologies as well as potential medication effects. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: People with autoimmune arthritides are more likely to experience mood and anxiety disorders, even relative to counterparts with other similarly burdensome chronic illnesses.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní poruchy * epidemiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida * epidemiologie   imunologie   psychologie   komplikace   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spondylartritida imunologie   epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• zánět epidemiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

This study aimed to directly compare electroencephalography (EEG) whole-brain patterns of neural dynamics with concurrently measured fMRI BOLD data. To achieve this, we aim to derive EEG patterns based on a spatio-spectral decomposition of band-limited EEG power in the source-reconstructed space. In a large dataset of 72 subjects undergoing resting-state hdEEG-fMRI, we demonstrated that the proposed approach is reliable in terms of both the extracted patterns as well as their spatial BOLD signatures. The five most robust EEG spatio-spectral patterns not only include the well-known occipital alpha power dynamics, ensuring consistency with established findings, but also reveal additional patterns, uncovering new insights into brain activity. We report and interpret the most reproducible source-space EEG-fMRI patterns, along with the corresponding EEG electrode-space patterns, which are better known from the literature. The EEG spatio-spectral patterns show weak, yet statistically significant spatial similarity to their functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signatures, particularly in the patterns that exhibit stronger temporal synchronization with BOLD. However, we did not observe a statistically significant relationship between the EEG spatio-spectral patterns and the classical fMRI BOLD resting-state networks (as identified through independent component analysis), tested as the similarity between their temporal synchronization and spatial overlap. This provides evidence that both EEG (frequency-specific) power and the BOLD signal capture reproducible spatio-temporal patterns of neural dynamics. Instead of being mutually redundant, these only partially overlap, providing largely complementary information regarding the underlying low-frequency dynamics.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: There is a growing importance of loneliness measurement through valid and reliable instruments. However, to establish valid and reliable measures, there is a need to explore their psychometric properties in different research settings and language environments. For this reason, this study aimed to validate the Three Item Loneliness Scale (TILS) in the Czech Republic within a Slavonic language environment. METHODS: A sample of Czech adults (n = 3236) was used consisting primarily of university students. We utilized Classical Test Theory to assess TILS internal consistency, temporal stability, and factor structure. Item Response Theory (IRT) was used to estimate Differential Item Functioning (DIF), the discrimination and difficulty of the TILS items and to estimate the measurement precision of the whole scale. Construct validity was explored through the Spearman correlation coefficient using personality traits, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS: The results showed satisfactory reliability and validity of the TILS in the Czech Republic. The scale's internal consistency and temporal stability were found to be satisfactory (Cronbach's α = 0.81, McDonald's ω = 0.82, ICC = 0.71). The parallel analysis supported the unidimensionality of the TILS. The IRT results indicated that the highest measurement precision was reached in individuals with lower and above-average levels of loneliness. Significant correlations between the TILS scores, anxiety, depression, and personality traits supported the construct validity of the scale. Although the DIF analysis identified statistically significant differences in responses to items TILS_2 and TILS_3 based on education level and employment status (with no significant differences observed for TILS_1), the effect sizes of these differences were small. This indicates that, despite statistical significance, the practical impact on the scale's validity across these groups is minimal. CONCLUSIONS: The validated TILS provides a reliable and valid tool for assessing loneliness in the Czech Republic. Its brevity makes it a practical option for researchers and clinicians seeking to measure loneliness time-efficiently. Future studies should explore how adding new items could increase the measurement precision of the TILS.

• MeSH
• deprese psychologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• osamocení * psychologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky normy   MeSH
• psychometrie * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• úzkost psychologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Although evidence indicates that load carriage may have an influence on walking patterns, the specific impacts of progressively increased loads on spatial and temporal gait asymmetries remain underexplored. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to examine whether an increased load carriage had an effect on spatiotemporal gait asymmetries among intervention police officers. METHODS: For the purpose of this study, 96 male intervention police officers were recruited and assessed under four load conditions: (i) "No load", (ii) "a 5 kg load", (iii) "a 25 kg load", and (iv) "a 45 kg load". Spatial and temporal gait parameters were measured using a pedobarographic platform (Zebris FDM). The spatial and temporal gait parameters, along with the ground reaction forces beneath different foot regions, were examined. The gait asymmetry for each parameter was calculated using the formula (xright - xleft)/0.5 × (xright + xleft)*100%, where "x" represents the numerical value of each parameter for the left and right sides of the body. RESULTS: The findings indicated no statistically significant differences in the spatiotemporal parameters, nor ground reaction force gait asymmetries between the left and right foot, during walking under a progressively increased load carriage. Additionally, the parameter values for both the left and right sides of the body remained consistent, with a high intercorrelation observed across all of the loading conditions. The gait speed and ground reaction forces, which served as covariates, did not significantly change the spatiotemporal gait asymmetries. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study demonstrates that an increased load carriage did not lead to a progressive rise in spatiotemporal gait asymmetries in professional intervention police officers. However, further examination using an advanced 3-D gait analysis and an assessment of physiological patterns and adaptations is recommended to identify and confirm the key factors influencing gait asymmetry.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Ictal central apnoea is a feature of focal temporal seizures. It is implicated as a risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Here we study seizure-related apnoeas in two different models of experimental seizures, one chronic and one acute, in adult genetically-unmodified rats, to determine mechanisms of seizure-related apnoeas. Under general anaesthesia rats receive sensors for nasal temperature, hippocampal and/or neocortical potentials, and ECG or EMG for subsequent tethered video-telemetry. Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), injected into hippocampus during surgery, induces a chronic epileptic focus. Other implanted rats receive intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) to evoke acute seizures. In chronically epileptic rats, convulsive seizures cause apnoeas (9.9 ± 5.3 s; 331 of 730 convulsive seizures in 15 rats), associated with bradyarrhythmias. Absence of EEG and ECG biomarkers exclude obstructive apnoeas. All eight TeNT-rats with diaphragm EMG have apnoeas with no evidence of obstruction, and have apnoea EMGs significantly closer to expiratory relaxation than inspiratory contraction during pre-apnoeic respiration, which we term "atonic diaphragm". Consistent with atonic diaphragm is that the pre-apnoeic nasal airflow is expiration, as it is in human ictal central apnoea. Two cases of rat sudden death occur. One, with telemetry to the end, reveals a lethal apnoea, the other only has video during the final days, which reveals cessation of breathing shortly after the last clonic epileptic movement. Telemetry following acute systemic PTZ reveals repeated seizures and seizure-related apnoeas, culminating in lethal apnoeas; ictal apnoeas are central - in 8 of 35 cases diaphragms initially contract tonically for 8.5 ± 15.0 s before relaxing, in the 27 remaining cases diaphragms are atonic throughout apnoeas. All terminal apnoeas are atonic. Differences in types of apnoea due to systemic PTZ in rats (mainly atonic) and mice (tonic) are likely species-specific. Certain genetic mouse models have apnoeas caused by tonic contraction, potentially due to expression of epileptogenic mutations throughout the brain, including in respiratory centres, in contrast with acquired focal epilepsies. We conclude that ictal apnoeas in the rat TeNT model result from atonic diaphragms. Relaxed diaphragms could be particularly helpful for therapeutic stimulation of the diaphragm to help restore respiration.

• MeSH
• apnoe patofyziologie   MeSH
• bránice * patofyziologie   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
• pentylentetrazol toxicita   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• relaxace svalu fyziologie   MeSH
• tetanový toxin toxicita   MeSH
• záchvaty * patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH