- MeSH
- Atropine administration & dosage pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Autonomic Nervous System physiology drug effects MeSH
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists administration & dosage pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Stress, Physiological physiopathology MeSH
- Blood Pressure genetics MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Spectrum Analysis methods MeSH
- Heart Rate physiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
Studie shrnuje nejdůležitější výsledky výzkumu zvládání zátěže u sociálních pracovníků a učitelů. Výzkum byl zaměřen na vztahy mezi osobnostními proměnnými z pětifaktorového modelu osobnosti (inventář NEO-PI-R) a copingovými strategiemi z inventáře COPE. V rámci korelační analýzy bylo zjištěno čtrnáct vztahů mezi osobnostními dimenzemi a copingovými proměnnými a padesát osm vztahů mezi facetami a copingovými proměnnými, jež vyhověly přijatým kritériím. K významnějším osobnostním proměnným se vztahem k selekci copingových strategií zřejmě patří Neuroticismus, Svědomitost a jejich facety N1-N6 a S1-S6. Výsledky regresní analýzy naznačily, že k významnějším prediktorům copingu by mohli patřit Neuroticismus, Extraverze, facety Otevřenosti vůči zkušenosti O1-O5 a facety Neuroticismu N2, N4-N6. Výzkum potvrdil, že osobnostní faktory evidentně patří k nezanedbatelným determinantám selekce copingových strategií. Spolehlivá predikce copingu pouze na základě osobnostních faktorů však není možná. Potvrdil se předpoklad, že některé facety mohou být lepšími prediktory copingu, než osobnostní dimenze.
This study summarises the most important results of research focused on coping with load among social workers and teachers. The research was focused on relations among personality variables from the five-factor model of personality (Revised NEO Personality Inventory) and coping strategies from COPE inventory. Fourteen relations among personality dimensions and coping variables and fifty-eight relations among facets and coping variables that met the adopted criteria were found within correlation analysis. Neuroticism, Conscientiousness and their facets N1-N6 and C1-C6 should be placed among rather significant personality variables related to coping strategies selection. The regression analysis results indicated that Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience facets O1-O5 and Neuroticism facets N2, N4-N6 should have been placed among rather significant coping predictors. The research confirmed that personality factors evidently ranked among appreciable determinants of coping strategies selection. Nevertheless, reliable coping prediction based only on personality factors is not possible. The assumption was corroborated that some facets can be better coping predictors than personality dimensions.
- Keywords
- pomáhající profese, stres, zátěž,
- MeSH
- Adaptation, Psychological classification MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neurotic Disorders etiology classification psychology MeSH
- Personality MeSH
- Helping Behavior MeSH
- Workload MeSH
- Stress, Psychological etiology classification psychology MeSH
- Models, Psychological MeSH
- Schools manpower MeSH
- Social Work classification manpower MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Personality Assessment standards statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Článek se zabývá vlivem osobnostních rysů pětifaktorového modelu (Big Five) na vnímání a hodnocení zátěže a vlastního zdraví. Jeho hlavním cílem je zjistit, jak ovlivňují osobnostní rysy pětifaktorového modelu Big Five percepci vlastního zdraví a míry stresu souvisejícího s výkonem povolání a životem vůbec. Výzkumu se zúčastnilo 672 (z toho 311 mužů a 361 žen) osob působících v různých profesích. Použité metody byly inventář NEO FFI a dotazník zjišťující pracovní i mimopracovní zátěž zkonstruovaný autorem. Ve výzkumu byly korelovány hodnoty zjišťovaných osobnostních proměnných s hodnotami vlastního zdraví a prožívaného stresu a srovnávány osobnostní vlastnosti příslušníků dvou kontrastních skupin z hlediska hodnocení vlastní zátěže a zdravotního stavu. Výsledky napovídají, že sledované osobnostní rysy se promítají do percepce zátěže způsobem v podstatě odpovídajícím jejich vymezení.
The article deals with the effect of five-factor model (Big Five) personality traits on the perception and evaluation of load and own health. Its main objective is to determine how personality traits according to five-factor model of Big Five affect self-perception of health and stress levels associated with an occupation and life in general. On research participate 672 respondents (311 men and 361 women) working in different professions. The methods were NEO FFI inventory and questionnaire of work and non-work load designed by the author. Values of measured personality variables were correlated with the perception of own health and perceived stress. Further the personality traits of two contrasting groups in terms of assessing their own load and health were compared. The results suggest that the observed personality traits are reflected in the perception of stress in a manner substantially corresponding to their definition.
- Keywords
- subjektivní zdraví, Big Five,
- MeSH
- Adaptation, Psychological MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Personality * classification MeSH
- Workload classification psychology MeSH
- Stress, Psychological classification MeSH
- Self-Assessment MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Health * classification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by herpes viruses can result in severe diseases, often with a fatal outcome. In this study, the viral load in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with herpes simplex or varicella-zoster infections of the CNS was measured using a quantitative real-time PCR. The results suggest a high variability in viral load, with relatively mild disease associated with a high viral load in CSF and vice versa. Determination of the viral load in CSF does not therefore seem to be useful in assessing the prognosis of disease caused by these viruses.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Herpes Simplex virology MeSH
- Herpes Zoster virology MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Cerebrospinal Fluid virology MeSH
- Central Nervous System Diseases virology MeSH
- Polymerase Chain Reaction methods MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Viral Load MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
Uniformná terapia stresu nie je možná, pretože stres je vysoko špecifická odpoveď organizmu na záťaž a je variabilná u každého jedinca. Chronické pôsobenie intenzívnych stresových situácií indukuje a urýchľuje rozvoj psychických ochorení. Pozitívne zvládanie stresových situácií dokáže minimalizovať alebo úplne odvrátiť škodlivé vplyvy, zatiaľ čo negatívne zvládanie stresových situácií môže prispieť k rozvoju depresie, úzkostných porúch či iných ochorení. Jedna z novších teórií, alostatická teória stresu, definuje alostázu ako udržiavanie stability (alebo homeostázy) prostredníctvom zmeny. Pokiaľ sa organizmus nedokáže so zmenami vnútornej stability efektívne vyrovnať, dochádza k stavu nazývanom nadmerná alostatická záťaž. Alostatickú záťaž možno merať pomocou indexu vypočítaného z niekoľkých neuroendokrinných, metabolických, kardiovaskulárnych a antropometrických parametrov. Meranie parametrov zahrnutých v alostatickom indexe je však v bežnej praxi často zložité a odporúčaný charakter meraných veličín ako aj ich počet je u rôznych autorov rôzny. Doterajšie poznatky jednoznačne dokazujú, že stres ako odpoveď organizmu na záťaž nie je potrebné liečiť, je treba predchádzať jeho negatívnym dôsledkom.
A general treatment of stress is not possible because stress is a highly specific response to different stimuli and it is variable in each individual. It is well known that chronic exposure to intensive stress situations may induce or speed up the development of psychiatric disorders. Positive stress coping can reduce or prevent negative consequences, while inadequate stress coping contributes to the development of disease states, such as affective and anxiety disorders. One of the latest concepts of stress is the allostatic theory. It defines allostasis as a process achieving stability (homeostasis) through change. When the individual is challenged repeatedly or when the allostatic systems remain turned on when no longer needed, it can produce a wear and tear on the body that has been termed „allostatic load“. Allostatic load can be evaluated by an index which is calculated from several neuroendocrine, metabolic, cardiovascular and anthropometric parameters. However, there is no unequivocal recommendation as to the nature and the number of parameters to be considered in the allostatic load index and measurement of these parameters is often complicated under clinical conditions. Current research provide evidence suggesting that the pharmacological treatment of the stress response, which is an unequivocal requirement for dealing with demanding situations, is not desirable. Instead, we should focus on the prevention of its negative consequences.
- MeSH
- Adaptation, Psychological * physiology MeSH
- Allostasis * physiology MeSH
- Biomarkers MeSH
- Interpersonal Relations MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Personality MeSH
- Stress, Psychological * classification physiopathology psychology MeSH
- Social Adjustment MeSH
- Pituitary-Adrenal System physiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
Ventilátorem indukované plicní poškození (VILI) je závažný stav vznikající na podkladě použití traumatizující umělé plicní ventilace (UPV). V současné literatuře je možné se setkat s novým pohledem na problematiku vzniku VILI. Jde o tzv. „mechanical power concept“, který definuje vztah statických i dynamických parametrů nastavení UPV a energetické zátěže respiračního systému, včetně VILI. Cílem tohoto textu je stručná charakteristika tohoto konceptu ve vztahu k recentní literatuře.
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a serious medical condition related to the use of injurious mechanical ventilation (MV). Recent literature outlines a novel perspective on the development of VILI - the mechanical power concept, unifying the static and dynamic variables of MV in relation to the energy load of the respiratory system and VILI. The aim of the text is a brief characteristic of the concept in relation to the recent literature.
- Keywords
- ventilátorem indukované plicní postižení, umělá plicní ventilace, energotrauma,
- MeSH
- Models, Biological MeSH
- Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
- Stress, Physiological MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Respiratory Mechanics physiology MeSH
- Lung physiopathology MeSH
- Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury * etiology physiopathology prevention & control MeSH
- Energy Transfer * MeSH
- Air Pressure MeSH
- Respiration, Artificial * adverse effects MeSH
- Positive-Pressure Respiration adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
BACKGROUND: Variable resistance has been shown to induce greater total work and muscle activation when compared to constant resistance. However, little is known regarding the effects of chronic exposure to variable resistance training in comparison with constant resistance training. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the effects of chain-loaded variable and constant gravity-dependent resistance training on resting hormonal and neuromuscular adaptations. METHODS: Young women were randomly assigned to variable resistance training (VRT; n = 12; age, 23.75 ± 3.64 years; and BMI, 26.80 ± 4.21 kg m-2), constant resistance training (CRT; n = 12; age, 23.58 ± 3.84 years; BMI, 25.25 ± 3.84 kg m-2), or control (Con; n = 12; age, 23.50 ± 2.93 years; BMI, 27.12 ± 12 kg m-2) groups. CRT performed 8-week total-body free-weight training three times per week with moderate-to-high intensity (65-80% 1RM; periodized). VRT was the same as CRT but included variable resistance via chains (15% of total load). Resting serum samples were taken before and after the 8-week intervention for GH, IGF-1, cortisol, myostatin, and follistatin analyses. RESULTS: Both VRT and CRT groups displayed moderate-to-large significant increases in GH (197.1%; ES = 0.78 vs. 229.9%; ES = 1.55), IGF-1 (82.3%; ES = 1.87 vs. 66%; ES = 1.66), and follistatin (58.8%; ES = 0.80 vs. 49.15%; ES = 0.80) and decreases in cortisol (- 19.9%; ES = - 1.34 vs. - 17.1%; ES = - 1.05) and myostatin (- 26.9%; ES = - 0.78 vs. - 23.2%; ES = - 0.82). Also, VRT and CRT resulted in large significant increases in bench press (30.54%; ES = 1.45 vs. 25.08%; ES = 1.12) and squat (30.63%; ES = 1.28 vs. 24.81%; ES = 1.21) strength, with no differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing chain-loaded VRT into a periodized resistance training program can be an effective alternative to constant loading during free-weight RT among untrained young women.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Adaptation, Physiological MeSH
- Muscle, Skeletal MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Resistance Training * MeSH
- Posture MeSH
- Muscle Strength MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH