Lidí stravujících se čistě rostlinně nebo těch, kteří omezují spotřebu masa, přibývá jak ve světě, tak i v České republice. Vzhledem k rostoucí popularitě veganství se dá očekávat, že počet takto se stravujících pacientů poroste i nadále, a to i v ordinacích praktických lékařů. Tento článek má za cíl shrnout základní nutriční specifika rostlinné stravy a jmenovat některé živiny, na které je potřeba se u veganských pacientů více zaměřit. Uvádíme základní laboratorní testy, o kterých může praktický lékař uvažovat v případě pochybností o správném nutričním stavu veganského pacienta. V článku jsou okrajově zmíněna některá neinfekční onemocnění hromadného výskytu (NCDs – non-communicable diseases), u kterých může být rostlinná strava prospěšná jak v prevenci, tak v léčbě.

The number of vegetarians, vegans or those who limit their meat consumption is increasing in the world and in the Czech Republic as well. Due to the growing popularity of veganism, one may expect that the number of patients on plant-based diet will continue to grow, even in general practitioners' surgeries. This article aims to summarize the basic nutritional specifics of a plant-based diet and to name some key nutrients which need more focus in case of vegan patients. We present some laboratory tests which the general practitioner may consider in case of doubt about the proper nutritional status of the vegan patient. The article mentions some non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in which a plant-based diet can be beneficial in both prevention and treatment.

• MeSH
• dieta veganská * MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neinfekční nemoci epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• nutriční nároky * MeSH
• vitamin B 12 MeSH
• výživové doporučené dávky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská MeSH
• fyziologie výživy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• periodika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NLK Obory
• nutriční terapie, dietoterapie a výživa

• MeSH
• avitaminóza MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská MeSH
• dietní železo nedostatek   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• hodnocení stavu výživy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vápník dietní nedostatek   MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH
• zinek nedostatek   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH

Rostlinné stravování, mezi které patří i veganství, v dnešní době nabývá rychle na popularitě. Při absenci znalostí potřebných k zajištění všech rizikových živin může tento styl stravování vést ke vzniku nutričních deficitů, které mají za následek narušení fyziologického vývoje dítěte. Mezi rizikové prvky patří také jod. Ve veganské populaci hrozí jak riziko rozvoje jodového deficitu, tak také komplikace z jeho nadměrné konzumace, neboť veganské alternativy, například z mořských řas, obsahují jeho nadbytečné množství. Jod je nezbytně nutný pro správné fungování štítné žlázy, jejíž hormony se podílí na vývoji nervové soustavy v průběhu nitroděložního i postnatálního vývoje a na regulaci metabolismu a také růstu u dětí. K vyšetření jodového zásobení slouží řada fyzikálních (palpace štítné žlázy), zobrazovacích (ultrazvuk) a laboratorních metod (TSH, poměr fT3/fT4, hladina TG, medián jodurie). U veganů je nezbytně nutné saturaci jodem pečlivě monitorovat a konzumenty veganské stravy edukovat především o nutnosti jod adekvátně suplementovat. Možnou veganskou alternativou zdroje jodu jsou přesně odměřené dávky minerální vody (Vincentky) nebo jodidové tablety. Od nekontrolované konzumace mořských řas je nutné naopak odrazovat. Z hlediska jodového zásobení jsou vegané rizikovou skupinou a zvýšenou pozornost zasluhují zejména těhotné a kojící ženy a děti na veganské stravě.

Plant-based diets, which includes veganism, is now rapidly gaining popularity. In the absence of the knowledge how to provide all the risky nutrients, this style of eating can lead to nutritional deficits that result in disruption of the physiological development of the child. One of the risk elements also includes iodine. The vegan population is at risk not only of developing an iodine deficiency, but also of complications from its excessive consumption, since vegan alternatives, such as these made of seaweed, contain an excess amount of it. Iodine is essential for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, whose hormones are involved in the development of the nervous system during intrauterine and postnatal development, and in the regulation of metabolism, as well as growth in children. Several physical (thyroid palpation), imaging (ultrasound) and laboratory methods (TSH, fT3/fT4 ratio, TG level, median of ioduria) are used to investigate iodine supply. For vegans it is essential to closely monitor iodine saturation and to edify the need to adequately supplement the diet of vegan diets. A possible vegan iodine source are precisely measured doses of mineral water (Vincentka) or iodine tablets. On the contrary, uncontrolled consumption of seaweed must be strictly discouraged. In terms of iodine supply, vegans are a risk group, and pregnant and breastfeeding women and children on vegan diets deserve increased attention.

• MeSH
• dieta veganská * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fyziologie výživy dětí MeSH
• fyziologie výživy kojenců MeSH
• jod * analýza   nedostatek   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kojení MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko chemie   MeSH
• štítná žláza MeSH
• vegani MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

There is evidence indicating that a vegan diet could be beneficial in the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the positive and negative aspects of a vegan diet regarding the risk of AD. Regarding AD prevention, a vegan diet includes low levels of saturated fats and cholesterol, contributing to a healthy blood lipid profile. Furthermore, it is rich in phytonutrients, such as vitamins, antioxidants, and dietary fiber, that may help prevent cognitive decline. Moreover, a vegan diet contributes to the assumption of quercetin, a natural inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO), which can contribute to maintaining mental health and reducing AD risk. Nonetheless, the data available do not allow an assessment of whether strict veganism is beneficial for AD prevention compared with vegetarianism or other diets. A vegan diet lacks specific vitamins and micronutrients and may result in nutritional deficiencies. Vegans not supplementing micronutrients are more prone to vitamin B12, vitamin D, and DHA deficiencies, which have been linked to AD. Thus, an evaluation of the net effect of a vegan diet on AD prevention and/or progression should be ascertained by taking into account all the positive and negative effects described here.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dieta veganská * MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroživiny MeSH
• vegani MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Udělejte něco pro své zdraví a zároveň si pochutnejte! Eliq Maraniková, odbornice na zdravou výživu, nám ve své knížce ukazuje, jak chutná a pestrá může zdravá strava být. Mixované nápoje z ovoce a zeleniny jsou nabity energií a jejich příprava je velmi rychlá, hodí se proto skvěle nejen ke snídani, ale dodají vám sílu i během dne.

Health effects of vegan diets among children and adolescents are a controversial public health topic. Thus, the aim of the present systematic review is to evaluate a broad range of health outcomes among vegan children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years. 18 studies met the inclusion criteria (17 cross-sectional, 1 RCT). Meta-analyses showed lower protein, calcium, vitamin B2, saturated fatty acid, and cholesterol intakes, and lower ferritin, HDL and LDL levels as well as height in vegan compared to omnivorous children/adolescents. Higher intakes of carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, folate, vitamins C and E, magnesium, iron, and potassium were observed in vegans. Blood levels of vitamin B12 were higher among vegan children due to supplement use. Single study results suggested further differences between vegan and non-vegan children, such as lower bone mineral content or urinary iodine among vegan children. Risk of Bias was rated as high or very high in 7 out of 18 studies. The certainty of evidence for the meta-analyses was low (n = 2) or very low (n = 46). Overall, the available evidence points to both risks and benefits associated with a vegan diet among children, although more and better designed studies are needed.

• MeSH
• dieta veganská * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fyziologie výživy dětí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nutriční stav MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The growing popularity of diets that restrict the consumption of animal-based foods is an important new challenge for the public healthcare system in Czechia. While the environmental and health-related benefits of plant-based diets are widely discussed in the media, people who follow these diets may lack professional support in terms of nutritional advice and even access to healthcare. The present study aims to map the nutritional practices and experiences with the healthcare system of people in Czechia who follow vegan diets. METHODS: In a qualitative study we conducted semi-structured interviews with twenty-one self-reported adult vegans (14 women and 7 men; 18 with university education) who were on a vegan diet for at least a year. We were specifically interested in their motivation for why and how they became vegans; their everyday diet and eating routines; their use of health care and experiences with medical professionals; their nutritional knowledge and use of supplementation; and their perception of their health and embodiment. RESULTS: The primary motivations for going vegan are ethical, environmental and health-related. Vegans see themselves and their diet as generally healthier, but for this to be true they must spend a considerable amount of time researching nutritional requirements and what dietary supplements they need. To this end, they tend to rely mainly on non-medical sources of information. Because of the lack of acceptance of veganism among primary-care physicians, vegans tend not to seek out medical advice or tell their doctor about their eating habits in order to avoid conflicts and negative experiences. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a perceived lack of accessible educational materials and potentially limited access to primary healthcare recommendations for people who eliminate the consumption of animal-based foods. These findings deserve further research and public health risk-mitigation strategies.

• MeSH
• dieta veganská * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání MeSH
• zdravotnická zařízení MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

To summarize and evaluate the evidence on the health impact of a vegan diet, we conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Epistemonikos were searched up to September 2021. Meta-analyses were recalculated by using a random effects model. The certainty of evidence (CoE) was evaluated by the GRADE approach. For the general healthy population, a vegan diet was effective for reducing body weight [MD (95% CI): -2.52 kg (-3.06, -1.98), n = 8 RCTs; moderate CoE] and was associated with further health benefits (with low CoE), including a lower risk of cancer incidence [SRR (95% CI): 0.84 (0.75, 0.95), n = 2] and a trend for lower risk of all-cause mortality [SRR (95% CI): 0.87 (0.75, 1.01), n = 2], as well as lower ApoB levels [MD (95% CI): -0.19 μmol/L (-0.23, -0.15), n = 7 RCTs). The findings suggested adverse associations for a vegan diet with risk of fractures [SRR (95% CI): 1.46 (1.03, 2.07), n = 3; low CoE]. For persons with diabetes or at high CVD risk, a vegan diet reduced measures of adiposity, total cholesterol, LDL and improved glycemic control (CoE moderate to low). A vegan diet may have the potential for the prevention of cardiometabolic health, but it may also impair bone health. More well-conducted primary studies are warranted.

• MeSH
• dieta veganská * MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• systematický přehled jako téma MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Social media platforms have become part of many people's lives. Users are spending more and more time on these platforms, creating an active and passive digital footprint through their interaction. This footprint has high research potential in many research areas because understanding people's communication on social media is essential in understanding their values, attitudes, experiences and behaviors. Researchers found that the use of social networking sites impacts adolescents' eating behavior. If we define adolescents as individuals between ages 10 and 24 (WHO's definition), 76% of USA young people at age 18-⁠24 use Instagram, so the Instagram social network analysis is important for understanding young people's expressions in the context of healthy food. This study aims to identify the main topic associated with healthy food on the Instagram social network via hashtag and community analysis based on 2,045,653 messages created by 427,936 individual users. The results show that users most associate Healthy food with healthy lifestyle, fitness, weight loss and diet. In terms of food, these are foods that are Vegan, Homemade, Clean and Plant-based. Given that young people change their behavior in relation to people's behavior on social networks, it is possible to use this data to predict their future association with healthy food characteristics.

• MeSH
• dieta veganská psychologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• online sociální sítě * MeSH
• potraviny pro zvláštní výživu MeSH
• sociální média * MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti psychologie   MeSH
• zdravá strava psychologie   MeSH
• zdravý životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH