BACKGROUND & AIMS: Reward circuitry in the brain plays a key role in weight regulation. We tested the effects of a plant-based meal on these brain regions. METHODS: A randomized crossover design was used to test the effects of two energy- and macronutrient-matched meals: a vegan (V-meal) and a conventional meat (M-meal) on brain activity, gastrointestinal hormones, and satiety in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 20), overweight/obese participants (O; n = 20), and healthy controls (H; n = 20). Brain perfusion was measured, using arterial spin labeling functional brain imaging; satiety was assessed using a visual analogue scale; and plasma concentrations of gut hormones were determined at 0 and 180 min. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied. The Hedge's g statistic was used to measure the effect size for means of paired difference between the times (180-0 min) and meal types (M-V meal) for each group. RESULTS: Thalamus perfusion was the highest in patients with T2D and the lowest in overweight/obese individuals (p = 0.001). Thalamus perfusion decreased significantly after ingestion of the M-meal in men with T2D (p = 0.04) and overweight/obese men (p = 0.004), and it decreased significantly after ingestion of the V-meal in healthy controls (p < 0.001; Group x Meal x Time: F = 3.4; p = 0.035). The effect size was -0.41 (95% CI, -1.14 to 0.31; p = 0.26) for men with diabetes; -0.72 (95% CI, -1.48 to 0.01; p = 0.05) for overweight/obese men; and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.09 to 1.59; p = 0.03) for healthy men. Postprandial secretion of active GLP-1 increased after the V-meal compared with the M-meal by 42% (95% CI 25-62%; p = 0.003) in men with T2D and by 41% (95% CI 24-61%; p = 0.002) in healthy controls. Changes in thalamus perfusion after ingestion of both test meals correlated with changes in satiety (r = +0.68; p < 0.01), fasting plasma insulin (r = +0.40; p < 0.01), C-peptide (r = +0.48; p < 0.01) and amylin (r = +0.55; p < 0.01), and insulin secretion at 5 mmol/l (r = +0.77; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The higher postprandial GLP-1 secretion after the V-meal in men with T2D, with concomitant greater satiety and changes in thalamus perfusion, suggest a potential use of plant-based meals in addressing the key pathophysiologic mechanisms of food intake regulation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02474147.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu metabolismus   MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská metody   MeSH
• dieta metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• energetický příjem * MeSH
• jídla MeSH
• klinické křížové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha metabolismus   MeSH
• obezita metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• thalamus krevní zásobení   metabolismus   MeSH
• živiny metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Importance: Excess body weight and insulin resistance lead to type 2 diabetes and other major health problems. There is an urgent need for dietary interventions to address these conditions. Objective: To measure the effects of a low-fat vegan diet on body weight, insulin resistance, postprandial metabolism, and intramyocellular and hepatocellular lipid levels in overweight adults. Design, Setting, and Participants: This 16-week randomized clinical trial was conducted between January 2017 and February 2019 in Washington, DC. Of 3115 people who responded to flyers in medical offices and newspaper and radio advertisements, 244 met the participation criteria (age 25 to 75 years; body mass index of 28 to 40) after having been screened by telephone. Interventions: Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group (n = 122) was asked to follow a low-fat vegan diet and the control group (n = 122) to make no diet changes for 16 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures: At weeks 0 and 16, body weight was assessed using a calibrated scale. Body composition and visceral fat were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Insulin resistance was assessed with the homeostasis model assessment index and the predicted insulin sensitivity index (PREDIM). Thermic effect of food was measured by indirect calorimetry over 3 hours after a standard liquid breakfast (720 kcal). In a subset of participants (n = 44), hepatocellular and intramyocellular lipids were quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Results: Among the 244 participants in the study, 211 (87%) were female, 117 (48%) were White, and the mean (SD) age was 54.4 (11.6) years. Over the 16 weeks, body weight decreased in the intervention group by 5.9 kg (95% CI, 5.0-6.7 kg; P < .001). Thermic effect of food increased in the intervention group by 14.1% (95% CI, 6.5-20.4; P < .001). The homeostasis model assessment index decreased (-1.3; 95% CI, -2.2 to -0.3; P < .001) and PREDIM increased (0.9; 95% CI, 0.5-1.2; P < .001) in the intervention group. Hepatocellular lipid levels decreased in the intervention group by 34.4%, from a mean (SD) of 3.2% (2.9%) to 2.4% (2.2%) (P = .002), and intramyocellular lipid levels decreased by 10.4%, from a mean (SD) of 1.6 (1.1) to 1.5 (1.0) (P = .03). None of these variables changed significantly in the control group over the 16 weeks. The change in PREDIM correlated negatively with the change in body weight (r = -0.43; P < .001). Changes in hepatocellular and intramyocellular lipid levels correlated with changes in insulin resistance (both r = 0.51; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance: A low-fat plant-based dietary intervention reduces body weight by reducing energy intake and increasing postprandial metabolism. The changes are associated with reductions in hepatocellular and intramyocellular fat and increased insulin sensitivity. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02939638.

• MeSH
• absorpční fotometrie MeSH
• C-peptid metabolismus   MeSH
• cholesterol metabolismus   MeSH
• dieta s omezením tuků * MeSH
• dieta veganská * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• energetický metabolismus MeSH
• energetický příjem MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin metabolismus   MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol metabolismus   MeSH
• hepatocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulin metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence MeSH
• játra diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   MeSH
• kosterní svalová vlákna metabolismus   MeSH
• kosterní svaly diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   MeSH
• krevní glukóza metabolismus   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• nadváha dietoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nitrobřišní tuk diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• obezita dietoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• postprandiální období MeSH
• protonová magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• složení těla MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• triglyceridy metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

The Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) conducted a review of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses to explain the relationship between different dietary patterns and patient-important cardiometabolic outcomes. To update the clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy in the prevention and management of diabetes, we summarize the evidence from these evidence syntheses for the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Portfolio, Nordic, liquid meal replacement, and vegetarian dietary patterns. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of evidence. We summarized the evidence for disease incidence outcomes and risk factor outcomes using risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), respectively. The Mediterranean diet showed a cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence (RR: 0.62; 95%CI, 0.50, 0.78), and non-significant CVD mortality (RR: 0.67; 95%CI, 0.45, 1.00) benefit. The DASH dietary pattern improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05) and was associated with the decreased incidence of CVD (RR, 0.80; 95%CI, 0.76, 0.85). Vegetarian dietary patterns were associated with improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05) and the reduced incidence (0.72; 95%CI: 0.61, 0.85) and mortality (RR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.69, 0.88) of coronary heart disease. The Portfolio dietary pattern improved cardiometabolic risk factors and reduced estimated 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk by 13% (-1.34% (95%CI, -2.19 to -0.49)). The Nordic dietary pattern was correlated with decreased CVD (0.93 (95%CI, 0.88, 0.99)) and stroke incidence (0.87 (95%CI, 0.77, 0.97)) and, along with liquid meal replacements, improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05). The evidence was assessed as low to moderate certainty for most dietary patterns and outcome pairs. Current evidence suggests that the Mediterranean, DASH, Portfolio, Nordic, liquid meal replacement and vegetarian dietary patterns have cardiometabolic advantages in populations inclusive of diabetes.

• MeSH
• DASH dieta MeSH
• diabetes mellitus dietoterapie   MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská MeSH
• dieta * MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   mortalita   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• komplikace diabetu epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• MEDLINE MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
• metabolické nemoci epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• nutriční terapie metody   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• strava středomořská MeSH
• systematický přehled jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Skandinávie a severské státy MeSH

Diminished postprandial secretion of incretins and insulin represents one of the key pathophysiological mechanisms behind type 2 diabetes (T2D). We tested the effects of two energy- and macronutrient-matched meals: A standard meat (M-meal) and a vegan (V-meal) on postprandial incretin and insulin secretion in participants with T2D. A randomized crossover design was used in 20 participants with T2D. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), amylin, and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) were determined at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min. Beta-cell function was assessed with a mathematical model, using C-peptide deconvolution. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Postprandial plasma glucose responses were similar after both test meals (p = 0.64). An increase in the stimulated secretion of insulin (by 30.5%; 95% CI 21.2 to 40.7%; p < 0.001), C-peptide (by 7.1%; 95% CI 4.1 to 9.9%; p < 0.001), and amylin (by 15.7%; 95% CI 11.8 to 19.7%; p < 0.001) was observed following consumption of the V-meal. An increase in stimulated secretion of GLP-1 (by 19.2%; 95% CI 12.4 to 26.7%; p < 0.001) and a decrease in GIP (by -9.4%; 95% CI -17.3 to -0.7%; p = 0.02) were observed after the V-meal. Several parameters of beta-cell function increased after the V-meal, particularly insulin secretion at a fixed glucose value 5 mmol/L, rate sensitivity, and the potentiation factor. Our results showed an increase in postprandial incretin and insulin secretion, after consumption of a V-meal, suggesting a therapeutic potential of plant-based meals for improving beta-cell function in T2D.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu dietoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• dieta veganská MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• energetický příjem MeSH
• inkretiny metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulin metabolismus   MeSH
• jídla * MeSH
• klinické křížové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maso MeSH
• zelenina MeSH
• živiny MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

The aim of this study was to test the effect of a plant-based dietary intervention on beta-cell function in overweight adults with no history of diabetes. Participants (n = 75) were randomized to follow a low-fat plant-based diet (n = 38) or to make no diet changes (n = 37) for 16 weeks. At baseline and 16 weeks, beta-cell function was quantified with a mathematical model. Using a standard meal test, insulin secretory rate was calculated by C-peptide deconvolution. The Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) index was used to assess insulin resistance while fasting. A marked increase in meal-stimulated insulin secretion was observed in the intervention group compared with controls (interaction between group and time, Gxt, p < 0.001). HOMA-IR index fell significantly (p < 0.001) in the intervention group (treatment effect -1.0 (95% CI, -1.2 to -0.8); Gxt, p = 0.004). Changes in HOMA-IR correlated positively with changes in body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat volume (r = 0.34; p = 0.009 and r = 0.42; p = 0.001, respectively). The latter remained significant after adjustment for changes in BMI (r = 0.41; p = 0.002). Changes in glucose-induced insulin secretion correlated negatively with BMI changes (r = -0.25; p = 0.04), but not with changes in visceral fat. Beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity were significantly improved through a low-fat plant-based diet in overweight adults.

• MeSH
• absorpční fotometrie MeSH
• adipozita MeSH
• beta-buňky sekrece   MeSH
• dieta s omezením tuků * MeSH
• dieta veganská * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• energetický příjem MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• inzulin krev   sekrece   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha krev   diagnostické zobrazování   dietoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nitrobřišní tuk diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• obezita krev   diagnostické zobrazování   dietoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• postprandiální období MeSH
• redukční dieta * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• District of Columbia MeSH

Background: Scientific evidence for the optimal number, timing, and size of meals is lacking.Objective: We investigated the relation between meal frequency and timing and changes in body mass index (BMI) in the Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2), a relatively healthy North American cohort.Methods: The analysis used data from 50,660 adult members aged ≥30 y of Seventh-day Adventist churches in the United States and Canada (mean ± SD follow-up: 7.42 ± 1.23 y). The number of meals per day, length of overnight fast, consumption of breakfast, and timing of the largest meal were exposure variables. The primary outcome was change in BMI per year. Linear regression analyses (stratified on baseline BMI) were adjusted for important demographic and lifestyle factors.Results: Subjects who ate 1 or 2 meals/d had a reduction in BMI per year (in kg · m(-2) · y(-1)) (-0.035; 95% CI: -0.065, -0.004 and -0.029; 95% CI: -0.041, -0.017, respectively) compared with those who ate 3 meals/d. On the other hand, eating >3 meals/d (snacking) was associated with a relative increase in BMI (P < 0.001). Correspondingly, the BMI of subjects who had a long overnight fast (≥18 h) decreased compared with those who had a medium overnight fast (12-17 h) (P < 0.001). Breakfast eaters (-0.029; 95% CI: -0.047, -0.012; P < 0.001) experienced a decreased BMI compared with breakfast skippers. Relative to subjects who ate their largest meal at dinner, those who consumed breakfast as the largest meal experienced a significant decrease in BMI (-0.038; 95% CI: -0.048, -0.028), and those who consumed a big lunch experienced a smaller but still significant decrease in BMI than did those who ate their largest meal at dinner.Conclusions: Our results suggest that in relatively healthy adults, eating less frequently, no snacking, consuming breakfast, and eating the largest meal in the morning may be effective methods for preventing long-term weight gain. Eating breakfast and lunch 5-6 h apart and making the overnight fast last 18-19 h may be a useful practical strategy.

• MeSH
• dieta - přehledy MeSH
• energetický příjem MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• jídla * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• občerstvení MeSH
• oběd MeSH
• obezita prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• omezení příjmu potravy MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• snídaně MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kanada MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare the effects of a vegetarian and a conventional diet on thigh adipose tissue distribution in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: Seventy-four subjects with T2D were randomly assigned to either follow a vegetarian diet (V, n = 37) or a control group who followed an isocaloric conventional anti-diabetic diet (C, n = 37). Both diets were calorie restricted (-500 kcal/day). To measure insulin sensitivity, the hyperinsulinemic (1 mU.kg-1.min-1) isoglycemic clamp was conducted. β-Cell function was assessed using a mathematical model after a test meal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh was performed. All subjects were examined at 0, 3, and 6 months. Statistical analyses were performed using repeated measures analysis of variance and a multivariate regression model. RESULTS: Greater reduction was observed in total leg area in V (-13.6 cm2 [95% confidence interval [CI], -14.2 to -12.9] in V vs -9.9 cm2 [95% CI, -10.6 to -9.2] in C; Gxt p < 0.001). The reduction in subcutaneous fat was comparable in response to both diets (Gxt, p = 0.64). Subfascial fat was reduced only in response to a vegetarian diet (-0.82 [95% CI, -1.13 to -0.55] cm2 in V vs -0.44 [95% CI, -0.78 to +0.02] cm2 in C; Gxt, p = 0.04). The reduction in intramuscular fat tended to be greater in response to a vegetarian diet (-1.78 [95% CI, -2.26 to -1.27] cm2 in V vs -0.57 [95% CI, -1.06 to -0.09] cm2 in C; Gxt, p = 0.12). Changes in subcutaneous and subfascial fat correlated with changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, and β-cell insulin sensitivity. After adjustment for changes in body mass index (BMI), correlations remained significant for changes in fasting plasma glucose and β-cell insulin sensitivity and with changes in triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate the importance of both subcutaneous and subfascial fat in relationship to glucose and lipid metabolism. ABBREVIATIONS: BMI , body mass index; C , control group; FPG , fasting plasma glucose; Gxt , interaction between group and time; HbA1c , glycated hemoglobin; MCR , metabolic clearance rate of glucose; OPLS , orthogonal projections to latent structure; T2D , type 2 diabetes; V , vegetarian group.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu dietoterapie   MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská * MeSH
• distribuce tělesného tuku * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• energetický příjem MeSH
• kalorická restrikce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• tuková tkáň fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Cíl: Cílem naší studie je zkoumat vztah mezi frekvencí a načasováním jídel a změnami v BMI ve studii Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2), která představuje relativně zdravou populaci v Severní Americe. Metodika: Byla provedena longitudinální analýza s použitím dat od 48 673 jedinců s průměrnou dobou sledování 7,43 ? 1,24 let. Jako nezávislé proměnné jsme použili počet jídel za den, délku nočního půstu, konzumaci snídaně a načasování největšího jídla za den (snídaně 5–11 hod, oběd 12–16 hod nebo večeře 17–23 hod). Primárním výstupem byla změna body mass indexu (BMI) za rok. Lineární regresní analýzy byly adjustovány na všechny důležité demografické faktory a faktory životního stylu. Výsledky: Konzumace 1 a 2 jídel denně byla spojena s poklesem BMI (-0,04; 95% CI -0,06 do -0,03 a -0,02; 95% CI -0,03 do -0,01 kg/m2 za rok, v daném pořadí). Na druhou stranu, jezení 3 nebo více jídel denně bylo spojeno se zvýšením BMI s lineárním vztahem (p < 0,001). BMI těch, kteří vynechávali snídani, se zvýšil (0,029; 95% CI 0,021–0,037 kg/m2 za rok; p = 0,002) ve srovnání s žádnou změnou BMI u těch, kteří snídani konzumovali (-0,0002; 95% CI -0,005 do + 0,004 kg/m2 za rok). Ti, jejichž největší jídlo za den byla snídaně, neměli žádnou významnou změnu v BMI (-0,002 95% CI -0,008 do +0,004 kg/m2 za rok). Naopak, největší večeře byla spojena s největším nárůstem BMI (0,034; 95% CI 0,029–0,040 kg/m2 za rok). Závěr: Naše výsledky naznačují, že jíst méně často, konzumovat snídani a jíst největší jídlo v dopoledních hodinách mohou být účinná preventivní opatření proti přibírání na hmotnosti.

Goal: Our study focuses on examining the relationship between the frequency and timing of meals and changes in BMI in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) which represents a relatively healthy population in North America. Methodology: A longitudinal analysis was undertaken using data from 48 673 individuals monitored over an average period of 7.43 ? 1.24 years. The number of meals per day, length of nighttime fasting, eating breakfast and timing of the largest meal of the day (breakfast 5–11 a.m., lunch noon–4 p.m. or supper/dinner 5–11 p.m.) were used as independent variables. The primary output was the change in body mass index (BMI) once in a year. Linear regression analyses were adjusted for all important demographic factors and lifestyle factors. Results: Consumption of 1 and 2 meals a day was associated with decrease in BMI (-0.04; 95% CI -0.06 to -0.03 and -0.02; 95% CI -0.03 to -0,01 kg.m-2 per year, respectively). On the other hand, consumption of 3 or more meals a day was associated with increase in BMI, in a linear relation (p < 0.001). BMI of those who skipped breakfast increased (0.029; 95% CI 0.021–0.037 kg.m-2 per year; p = 0.002) as compared to no BMI change in those who had breakfast (-0.0002; 95% CI -0.005 to + 0.004 kg.m-2 per year). Those, whose largest meal of the day was breakfast, recorded no significant change in BMI (-0.002 95% CI -0.008 to +0.004 kg.m-2 per year). On the contrary, the largest supper was associated with the greatest increase in BMI (0.034; 95% CI 0.029–0.040 kg.m-2 per year). Conclusion: Our results indicate that eating less frequently, consuming breakfast and having the largest meal in the morning hours may be effective measures to prevent weight gain.

• MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• snídaně MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a vegetarian versus conventional diet on the serum levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in patients with T2D after 12 weeks of dietary intervention and to assess their relationships with metabolic parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS: Men and women with T2D were randomly assigned to follow either a vegetarian diet without fish or meat (n = 37) or an isocaloric conventional antidiabetic diet (n = 37). Both diets were energy restricted (minus 500 kcal/day). All foods were provided to the participants. At randomization (week 0) and 12 weeks, the meal test was performed to assess the β-cell function and serum levels of 24 POPs. Dioxins and dioxin-like POPs were analyzed by isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) and mass spectrometry after cleanup of the silica and carbon columns. Non-dioxin-like POPs were analyzed by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Statistical analyses used were repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), a multivariate regression model, and Pearson's correlations. We observed a statistically nonsignificant trend toward increases in the serum levels of most POPs in response to both hypocaloric diets with no differences between groups. In the groups combined, the change in serum concentrations of total POPs was correlated to changes in HbA1c (r = +0.34; p < 0.01), fasting plasma glucose (r = +0.41; p < 0.01) levels, and β-cell function measured as insulin secretion at a reference glucose level (r = -0.37; p < 0.01), independent of the changes in body weight and volume of visceral fat. CONCLUSION: Short-term hypocaloric vegetarian and conventional diets did not reduce the POP levels, possibly due to mobilization of fat stores. Our findings support the relationship between POPs and diabetes, especially β-cell function. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00883038, completed.

• MeSH
• adipozita MeSH
• beta-buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev   diagnóza   dietoterapie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská * MeSH
• dioxiny škodlivé účinky   krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin metabolismus   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
• inzulin krev   MeSH
• kalorická restrikce * MeSH
• kontaminace potravin * MeSH
• krevní glukóza metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• nitrobřišní tuk metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• redukční dieta * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• vysokoproteinová dieta,
• MeSH
• DASH dieta MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * dietoterapie   MeSH
• diabetická dieta MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská MeSH
• kongresy jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• strava středomořská MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• novinové články MeSH
• zprávy MeSH