Závislosti jsou velkým problémem lidí napříč věkovými skupinami i národnostmi. Myšlenka vyvinout proti nim terapeutické očkovací látky není nijak nová. Opakovaně byl prokázán efekt experimentálních vakcín na zvířecích modelech, ale dosud se nepodařilo prokázat stejnou účinnost u lidí. Nicméně na základě poučení z dosavadních výsledků se v poslední době zkoušejí nově konstruované očkovací látky (proti kokainu, heroinu, opioidům, metamfetaminu, fencyklidinu, alkoholu, nikotinu), v tuto chvíli v různých fázích preklinického a klinického testování.
Addictions are a major problem for people across age groups as well as nationalities. The idea of developing therapeutic vaccines against them is not new. The effect of experimental vaccines on animal models has been repeatedly demonstrated, but has not yet demonstrated the same efficacy in humans. However, based on the lessons learned to date, newly constructed vaccines (against cocaine, heroin, opioids, methamphetamine, phencyclidine, alcohol, nicotine) have recently been tested at various stages of preclinical and clinical testing.
- Klíčová slova
- vakcíny k léčbě závislostí,
- MeSH
- alkoholismus farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- hepatitida B epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- hepatitida C epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- HIV infekce epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- tuberkulóza epidemiologie etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- uživatelé drog MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- vakcíny konjugované terapeutické užití MeSH
- vakcíny * terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of thoracic tuberculosis (TB) in patients who underwent surgery for indeterminate lung nodules, mass and pleural effusions. METHODS: A monocentric retrospective study was carried out from 2012 to 2018 in a high-volume thoracic surgery centre. All patients with finding of thoracic TB within surgery and/or confirmed post-surgery were studied. Demography, origin, TB related symptoms, immunosuppression, type of surgery, and complication of surgery were analyzed. RESULTS: During the seven-year period TB was diagnosed in 71 cases, 58% were men. The mean age was 50 years. 21% of the cases had family history of TB or were successfully treated for TB in the past. 14% of patients had prior history of treatment for malignancy. Five patients (7%) received immunosuppressive therapy. The indication for surgery was indeterminate lung nodules and mass in 55 patients (77.5%) and indeterminate recurrent or persistent pleural effusions in 21 patients (22.5%). In five patients (7%) a lung carcinoma and a concomitant TB infection was detected. 63 of the cases (88.7%) had positive real-time PCR TBC test. Direct microscopic detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detected TB in five cases (7%). The microbiological diagnosis by culture was achieved in 19 patients (26.8%). Two patients (2.8%) were diagnosed with multidrug-resistant TB. Surgical procedure complications occurred in nine cases (12.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall incidence of TB in the Czech Republic is low and constantly continues to decrease, the number of TB detected by surgical procedures is increasing. Surgery still remains an important tool in diagnostics of nonobvious cases of TB, especially in patients with a potential risk of malignancy.
- MeSH
- hrudní chirurgické výkony * MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- tuberkulóza diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- SARS-CoV2,
- MeSH
- Betacoronavirus patogenita MeSH
- chřipka lidská MeSH
- COVID-19 * patologie přenos MeSH
- koronavirové infekce patologie přenos MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přenos infekční nemoci MeSH
- vakcíny proti chřipce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Hemothorax is a frequent clinical situation often associated with chest injury or with iatrogenic lesions. Spontaneous hemothorax is uncommon and among its cause may include coagulation disorders, pleural, pulmonary or vascular pathology. Diagnostics is based on radiography or ultrasound and thoracentesis which may be also therapeutic solution. The majority of hemothoraxes can be managed non-operatively but hemodynamic instability, the volume of evacuated blood and persisting blood loss or persisting hemothorax require surgery. A surgical approach may vary from open thoracotomy to rapidly developing minimally invasive methods - video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and videothoracoscopy (VTS).
Global healthcare is a political variable that involves both political as well as nongovernmental agencies and refers to health of the whole planet regardless of the geographical and political boundaries. Global healthcare initiatives are programs that address specific global health issues or diseases. The most important objective of a global health initiative is to achieve a major improvements in global populations’ health outcomes regardless the geographic location. Global health programs bring and use various resources to improve, prevent and resolve worldwide health issues.
Pregnancy related maternal mortality defines the state of maternal health. The increasing incidence of maternal death in the U.S indicates that this complex issue is not unique only to developing countries. It is obvious that improvements are needed to reinsure appropriate healthcare for all pregnant women. Without precise methodical data collection and data evaluation advancement of this important determinant of maternal health can’t be achieved. The aim of this paper is to provide contemporary perspective on pregnancy related maternal mortality. In addition, this paper will discuss common ethnical disparities that underline maternal deaths. Furthermore, this paper will address the confusing inconsistencies of maternal death terminology and variations in disease classification. Finally, this paper will propose improvements in defining terminology and data collection that influence the understanding of pregnancy related morbidity. Quick Points 1. Maternal mortality is a determining characteristic of existing maternal health in a given geographical region. 2. While it is impossible to completely eliminate all maternal deaths, preventable pregnancy complications resulting in injury or death need to be reduced across the world. 3. Healthcare leaders need to work on identification of maternal mortality trends and development of strategies to sustainably improve rates of maternal mortality.
- MeSH
- komplikace porodu MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřská mortalita * etnologie MeSH
- perinatální péče MeSH
- perinatologie MeSH
- porodní děj MeSH
- porodní poranění novorozence MeSH
- porodnické ošetřovatelství MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Dětská populace může být postižena jak klasickými exantémy, tak exantémy alergického původu v důsledku reakce na lék či potravinový alergen, stejně jako parainfekčním exantémem, vzniklým v důsledku virové či bakteriální infekce. V následujícím textu se budeme zabývat virovými parainfekčními exantémy, které se mohou na kůži objevit jako výsledek interakce viru s imunitním systémem člověka.
Children could be affected by the classic rash, the allergic rash, even by the parainfectious rash, thankful to viral or bacterial infection.In the following article we describe mainly viral parainfectious rashes on the skin, which may occur as a result of interactionwith human immune system.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní terapeutické užití MeSH
- antihistaminika terapeutické užití MeSH
- antipyretika terapeutické užití MeSH
- cidofovir MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- erythema infectiosum diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- exantém * dějiny klasifikace MeSH
- exanthema subitum diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- foskarnet terapeutické užití MeSH
- ganciklovir terapeutické užití MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- spalničky dějiny epidemiologie etiologie komplikace prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vakcína proti spalničkám, příušnicím a zarděnkám MeSH
- vakcinace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- vitamin A terapeutické užití MeSH
- zarděnky vrozené komplikace MeSH
- zarděnky etiologie komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Pregnant or postpartum patients with history of substance use disorder who desire to breastfeed present healthcare providers with numerous issues as drug use increases risk for adverse health outcomes for both the mother and her child. Drug use in the U.S. is common. In 2013, an estimated 24.6 million Americans aged 12 or older were current illicit substance users representing 9.4 % of the population. This statistic unfortunately closely corresponds with substance use in pregnant women. Totally 9% of pregnant women used drugs during their first trimester. Substance use during pregnancy and during breastfeeding presents serious problem for the health of our society. When a mother with a history of illegal/illicit drug use or illegal substance abuse desires to breastfeed, her healthcare providers are faced with several ethical dilemmas. The most obvious is whether she should be allowed to breastfeed her child. Does the benefit of breastfeeding outweigh the risk of possible substance transmission to the infant or is formula feeding safer and more appropriate option for the infant? What is the consequence of formula feeding on the fragile relationship between the newborn and the troubled mother? Lastly, the infant’s right to be breastfed needs to be taken into consideration as a part of this complex issue. Healthcare leaders need to be able to understand ethical challenges of this specific population, acknowledge variances between individual substances, and most importantly differentiate between occasional drug use, diagnosable substance use disorder and treated substance use disorder. Healthcare leaders should be able to clearly identify how to best provide the most effective and supportive care. Changes to policies and healthcare practices can advance the overall health of this specific and challenging population as well as can improve the relationship between these patients and their healthcare providers.
- MeSH
- ekonomika a organizace zdravotní péče MeSH
- kojení etika škodlivé účinky trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poporodní období * etika fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- těhotenství * etika psychologie účinky léků MeSH
- těhotné ženy psychologie MeSH
- uživatelé drog * klasifikace psychologie MeSH
- zdraví dítěte etika normy MeSH
- zdraví matek etika normy MeSH
- zdravotní služby pro matku a dítě organizace a řízení trendy využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství * etika psychologie účinky léků MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
- MeSH
- jednotky intenzivní péče o novorozence organizace a řízení MeSH
- kojení * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- poradenství organizace a řízení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
