INTRODUCTION: In contrast with the well-known and described deletion of the 22q11 chromosome region responsible for DiGeorge syndrome, 22q12 deletions are much rarer. Only a few dozen cases have been reported so far. This region contains genes responsible for cell cycle control, chromatin modification, transmembrane signaling, cell adhesion, and neural development, as well as several cancer predisposition genes. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a patient with cleft palate, sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, epilepsy, mild to moderate intellectual disability, divergent strabism, pes equinovarus, platyspondylia, and bilateral schwannoma. Using Microarray-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH), we identified the de novo 3.8 Mb interstitial deletion at 22q12.1→22q12.3. We confirmed deletion of the critical NF2 region by MLPA analysis. DISCUSSION: Large 22q12 deletion in the proband encases the critical NF2 region, responsible for development of bilateral schwannoma. We compared the phenotype of the patient with previously reported cases. Interestingly, our patient developed cleft palate even without deletion of the MN1 gene, deemed responsible in previous studies. We also strongly suspect the DEPDC5 gene deletion to be responsible for seizures, consistent with previously reported cases.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Alport syndrome with intellectual disability (ATS-ID, AMME complex; OMIM #300194) is an X-linked contiguous gene deletion syndrome associated with an Xq22.3 locus mainly characterized by hematuria, renal failure, hearing loss/deafness, neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), midface retrusion, and elliptocytosis. It is thought that ATS-ID is caused by the loss of function of COL4A5 (ATS) and FACL4 (ACSL4) genes through the interstitial (micro)deletion of chromosomal band Xq22.3. We report detailed phenotypic description and results from genome-wide screening of a Czech family with diagnosis ATS-ID (proband, maternal uncle, and two female carriers). Female carriers showed mild clinical features of microscopic hematuria only, while affected males displayed several novel clinical features associated with ATS-ID. Utilization of whole-exome sequencing discovered the presence of approximately 3 Mb of deletion in the Xq23 area, which affected 19 genes from TSC22D3 to CHRDL1. We compared the clinical phenotype with previously reported three ATS-ID families worldwide and correlated their clinical manifestations with the incidence of genes in both telomeric and centromeric regions of the deleted chromosomal area. In addition to previously described phenotypes associated with aberrations in AMMECR1 and FACL4, we identified two genes, members of tripartite motif family MID2 and subunit of the proteasome PA700/19S complex (PSMD10), respectively, as prime candidate genes responsible for additional clinical features observed in our patients with ATS-ID. Overall, our findings further improve the knowledge about the clinical impact of Xq23 deletions and bring novel information about phenotype/genotype association of this chromosomal aberration.

• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

We report the clinical findings of 26 individuals from 16 unrelated families carrying variants in the COL2A1 or COL11A1 genes. Using Sanger and next-generation sequencing, 11 different COL2A1 variants (seven novel), were identified in 13 families (19 affected individuals), all diagnosed with Stickler syndrome (STL) type 1. In nine families, the COL2A1 disease-causing variant arose de novo. Phenotypically, we observed myopia (95%) and retinal detachment (47%), joint hyperflexibility (92%), midface retrusion (84%), cleft palate (53%), and various degrees of hearing impairment (50%). One patient had a splenic artery aneurysm. One affected individual carrying pathogenic variant in COL2A1 showed no ocular signs including no evidence of membranous vitreous anomaly. In three families (seven affected individuals), three novel COL11A1 variants were found. The propositus with a de novo variant showed an ultrarare Marshall/STL overlap. In the second family, the only common clinical sign was postlingual progressive sensorineural hearing impairment (DFNA37). Affected individuals from the third family had typical STL2 signs. The spectrum of disease phenotypes associated with COL2A1 or COL11A1 variants continues to expand and includes typical STL and various bone dysplasias, but also nonsyndromic hearing impairment, isolated myopia with or without retinal detachment, and STL phenotype without clinically detectable ocular pathology.

• MeSH
• artritida genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kolagen typ II genetika   MeSH
• kolagen typ XI genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA MeSH
• nemoci pojiva genetika   MeSH
• odchlípení sítnice genetika   MeSH
• percepční nedoslýchavost genetika   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• rodokmen MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Bloom syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, photosensitive skin changes, immune deficiency, insulin resistance, and a greatly increased risk of early-onset cancer and development of multiple malignancies. Loss-of-function variants of the BLM gene, which codes for a RecQ helicase, cause Bloom syndrome. We report a consanguineous family, with 2 siblings showing clinical signs of suspected chromosome breakage disorder. One of them developed recurrent malignant lymphoma during lifetime. We performed next-generation sequencing analysis, focusing on cancer predisposition syndromes. We identified a homozygous pathogenic nonsense variant c.1642C>T (p.Gln548*) in the BLM gene in the proband, associated with Bloom syndrome. Sanger sequencing validated the presence of a homozygous pathogenic variant in the proband and also in the brother with short stature. In this article, we will focus on the clinical presentation of the syndrome in this particular family as well as the characteristics of malignancies found in the proband.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Syndrom DICER1 je familiární nádorový a dysplastický syndrom způsobený mutacemi v genu DICER1, který se nachází na 14. chromozomu v oblasti q32.13. Součástí syndromu je nejčastěji pleuropulmonální blastom (PPB), multinodulární struma, nádory ze Sertoliho buněk a další nádory. PPB je vzácný nádor, jehož základy většinou začínají ve fetálním období při vývoji plic. Příznaky se objevují v prvních 5 letech života, nejčastěji do 2 let. Diagnóza PPB by vždy měla vést k vyloučení syndromu DICER1. Asi u 35 % rodin, v nichž má dítě projevy PPB, se vyskytují další malignity, které se jinak objevují vzácně. Jedná se o cystický nefrom, nádory ze Sertoliho buněk, nodulární dysplazie štítné žlázy, meduloepitheliom duhovky, embryonální rabdomyosarkom botryoidního typu, chondromezenchymální hamartom nosní sliznice, pituitární blastom a pineoblastom. Rozsáhlé studie ukázaly velkou variabilitu nádorů. Syndrom DICER1 je řazen k nádorovým predispozičním syndromům. Dědí se autozomálně dominantně, časté jsou nové mutace, tzv. mutace de novo. Příznaky u postižených jsou různé i v rámci rodiny. Preventivní sledování nositelů mutace v genu DICER1 je obtížné. Doporučení ke sledování jsou podle Mezinárodního registru PPB z roku 2016.

DICER1 syndrome is an inherited disorder that increases the risk of different types of malignant and benign tumors. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the DICER1 gene, which is located on the long arm of chromosome 14, region q32.13. Patients with DICER1 syndrome commonly develop pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), multinodular goiter, ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, and/or other types of tumors. In approximately 35% of families with children manifesting PPB, further (and rather rare) malignancies may be observed, including cystic nephroma, nodular dysplasia of the thyroid gland, medulloepithelioma of the iris, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma botryoid type, nasal epithelial hamartoma, pituitary blastoma, and/or pineoblastoma. Large studies report a high variability of tumors associated with DICER1. DICER1 syndrome, which is associated with an inherited predisposition to tumors, is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Symptoms of DICER1 syndrome may vary, even within families. Preventive screening of carriers with causative mutations is complicated. Follow-up is undertaken as recommended by the 2016 International PPB Register.

• Klíčová slova
• DICER1, cystický nefrom,
• MeSH
• dědičné nádorové syndromy * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• genetické testování MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádory ledvin diagnóza   genetika   terapie   MeSH
• plicní blastom diagnóza   genetika   terapie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Mutations in INF2 are frequently responsible for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which is a common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD); additionally, they are also connected with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. INF2 encodes for inverted formin 2. This protein participates in regulation of the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, involving not only the polymerisation, but also the depolymerisation of filaments. The present study is the first mutational analysis of INF2 done in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Mutational analysis of INF2 was performed on 109 patients (mean age at onset 41.44 ± 18.91 years) with FSGS or minimal change disease (MCD); and also in 6 patients without renal biopsy who had already developed chronic kidney disease (CKD)/ESRD at the time of diagnosis. We used high resolution melting method (HRM), with subsequent Sanger sequencing, in suspect samples from HRM analysis. The HRM method is an effective method for the screening of large cohorts of patients. RESULTS: Two pathogenic mutations (p.Arg214His and p.Arg218Gln) were detected in INF2. The first (p.Arg214His) was identified in the FSGS patient with a positive family history. The second mutation (p.Arg218Gln) was found in two brothers with ESRD of unknown etiology. The most frequent sequence change was the substitution p.P35P, the incidence of which corresponded with the frequencies available in the ExAC Browser and gnomAD Browser databases. This analysis also detected different exonic and intronic changes that probably did not influence the phenotype of the included patients. CONCLUSIONS: The INF2 mutational screening is useful in familial FSGS cases as well as in patients with an unknown cause for their ESRD, but with a positive family history. INF2 seems to be not only the cause of FSGS, but also of ESRD of unknown etiology. Our study has confirmed that the HRM analysis is a very useful method for the identification of single nucleotide substitutions.

• MeSH
• Charcotova-Marieova-Toothova nemoc genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exony genetika   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fokálně segmentální glomeruloskleróza genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• introny genetika   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrofilamentové proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mutace genetika   MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

PURPOSE: To analyse relationships between semen parameters, sperm chromatin integrity and frequencies of chromosomally unbalanced, disomic and diploid sperm in 13 Robertsonian and 37 reciprocal translocation carriers and to compare the results with data from 10 control donors. METHODS: Conventional semen analysis, Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay and FISH with probes for chromosomes involved in the individual translocations and for chromosomes X, Y, 7, 8, 13, 18 and 21. RESULTS: Normal semen parameters were found in 30.8 % of Robertsonian and 59.5 % of reciprocal translocation carriers. The rates of unbalanced sperm were 12.0 % in Robertsonian and 55.1 % in reciprocal translocation carriers with no difference between normospermic patients and those showing altered semen parameters. Significantly increased frequencies of spermatozoa showing defects in chromatin integrity and condensation, aneuploidy for chromosomes not involved in a translocation and diploidy were detected in translocation carriers with abnormal semen parameters. Normospermic reciprocal translocation carriers showed an increase in chromosome 13 disomy compared to the control group. There was no relationship between gametic and somatic aneuploidy in 12 translocation carriers studied by FISH on sperm and lymphocytes. The frequency of motile sperm was negatively correlated with the frequency of sperm showing disomy, diploidy and defective chromatin condensation. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal semen parameters can serve as indicators of an additional risk of forming spermatozoa with defective chromatin and aneuploidy in translocation carriers.

• MeSH
• analýza spermatu MeSH
• aneuploidie MeSH
• chromatin genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• heterozygot MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• karyotypizace MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské chromozomy X MeSH
• lidské chromozomy, pár 13 MeSH
• lidské chromozomy, pár 18 MeSH
• lidský chromozom Y MeSH
• mužská infertilita genetika   MeSH
• segregace chromozomů MeSH
• sperma cytologie   MeSH
• spermie cytologie   MeSH
• translokace genetická genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Pokroky v molekulárně biologických metodách umožňují analýzu genotypu z jedné či několika buněk, což přináší rozsáhlé využití v preimplantační genetické diagnostice (PGD) nejen chromozomálních aneuploidií, ale i monogenních nemocí, tudíž i hereditárních nádorových syndromů. PGD tak může být přínosná v těch případech, kdy je riziko přenosu patologické vlohy z rodiče na potomka z různých důvodů nežádoucí. Předkládáme tři případy rodin s PGD a dosavadní výsledky.

Advances in molecular biology techniques made possible genotype analysis from one or several cells. This can be used in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) not only of chromosomal aneuploidy but also of single gene diseases as well as hereditary cancer syndromes. PGD can be a benefit for those cases when the risk of transfer of pathological alteration from parent to offspring is unwelcome. We submit three cases of PGD with the results.

• Klíčová slova
• monogenní onemocnění, hereditární nádorové syndromy, in vitro fertilizace,
• MeSH
• aneuploidie MeSH
• chromozomální nestabilita genetika   MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro metody   využití   MeSH
• genetické nemoci vrozené diagnóza   genetika   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• genetické testování metody   využití   MeSH
• geny BRCA1 MeSH
• homolog 2 proteinu MutS genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kadheriny genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Lynchův syndrom II diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• nádorová transformace buněk genetika   MeSH
• nádory prsu diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• nádory vaječníků diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• nádory žaludku diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• nádory diagnóza   genetika   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• preimplantační diagnóza metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• protein BRCA1 genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• rodina MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH