Vysokoškolská učebnice, která se zaměřuje na imunologii.

• MeSH
• alergologie a imunologie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• alergologie a imunologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• učebnice vysokých škol

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) disorders are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies showed differences in insulin resistance (IR) and lipoprotein levels in MS subjects compared to controls. Lipolysis caused by increased sympathetic activity could be one of the possible linking mechanisms leading to dyslipidemia in MS. Our study aimed to evaluate ANS activity in the context of glucose and lipid metabolism in people with MS. We prospectively measured short-term heart rate variability (HRV), fasting lipoprotein concentrations, and calculated IR indices based on plasma glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in 32 patients with MS and 29 healthy controls matched for age, sex and body mass index in our study. There was no significant difference in HRV parameters and lipoprotein levels between MS and controls. A significant positive correlation was found between low/high-frequency power ratio (LF/HF) and triglycerides (r=0.413, p=0.021) in MS subjects but not in controls. A significantly lower whole-body insulin sensitivity index (ISIMat) was found in patients with MS compared to the control group (7.3±3.7 vs. 9.8±5.6, p=0.041). No significant correlations were found between LF/HF and IR parameters. In MS subjects, the positive correlation of LF/HF with triglycerides could reflect the effects of sympathetic activity on lipolysis. Positive correlations of sympathetic activity with increased lipoprotein levels could rather reflect processes associated with immune system activation/inflammation, than processes involved in glucose homeostasis maintenance.

• MeSH
• autonomní nervový systém patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• lipolýza * MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Vzťah medzi autonómnym nervovým systémom a rozvojom aterosklerózy je komplexný a zahŕňa niekoľko relatívne nezávislých mechanizmov. V prvom rade zvýšená sympatiková aktivácia v srdci vedie k zvýšenej hemodynamike, čo môže viesť priamo k mechanickému poškodenie endotelu a steny artérií. Okrem toho sa autonómny nervový systém podieľa na regulácii tonusu ciev a spolu s ďalšími faktormi pôsobiacimi prostredníctvom endotelu sa uplatňuje pri regulácii tlaku krvi či rozvoju hypertenzie, čo nepriamo prispieva k rozvoju aterosklerózy. Vzhľadom k významným imunomodulačným vlastnostiam autonómneho nervového systému je pravdepodobne významný aj vplyv prostredníctvom regulácie chronického zápalu.

The relationship between the autonomic nervous system and development of atherosclerosis is complex and includes several relatively independent mechanisms. First of all, increased sympathetic activation in the heart stimulates increased hemodynamic response, which may even lead to mechanical damage of the endothelium and arterial wall. Furthermore, the autonomic nervous system participates in vascular tone regulation and, along with other factors acting through the endothelium, it is involved in blood pressure regulation or development of hypertension, which indirectly contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Given the important immunomodulatory characteristics of the autonomic nervous system, also the control of chronic inflammation is likely to play a significant role.

• MeSH
• ateroskleróza * MeSH
• autonomní nervový systém fyziologie   MeSH
• hypertenze MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci autonomního nervového systému * MeSH
• psychický stres MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. In addition to the genetic, epigenetic and immunological components, various other factors, e.g. unhealthy dietary habits, play a role in the MS pathogenesis. Dietary intervention is a highly appealing approach, as it presents a simple and relatively low risk method to potentially improve outcomes in patients with brain disorders in order to achieve remission and improvement of clinical status, well-being and life expectancy of patients with MS. The importance of saturated fat intake restriction for the clinical status improvement of MS patients was pointed for the first time in 1950s. Recently, decreased risk of first clinical diagnosis of CNS demyelination associated with higher intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids particularly originating from fish was reported. Only few clinical trials have been performed to address the question of the role of dietary intervention, such is e.g. low saturated fat diet in MS treatment. This review summarizes current knowledge about the effect of different dietary approaches (diets low in saturated fat and dietary supplements such as fish oil, lipoic acid, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, seeds oils, high fiber diet, vitamin D, etc.) on neurological signs, patient's well-being, physical and inflammatory status. So far the results are not conclusive, therefore much more research is needed to confirm and to understand the effectiveness of these dietary interventions in the long term and well defined studies.

• MeSH
• chování snižující riziko * MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oleje rostlin aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza diagnóza   dietoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rybí oleje aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti fyziologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to analyse genetic architecture of RA by utilizing multiparametric statistical methods such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). METHODS: A total of 1393 volunteers, 499 patients with RA and 894 healthy controls were included in the study. The presence of shared epitope (SE) in HLA-DRB1 and 11 SNPs (PTPN22 C/T (rs2476601), STAT4 G/T (rs7574865), CTLA4 A/G (rs3087243), TRAF1/C5 A/G (rs3761847), IRF5 T/C (rs10488631), TNFAIP3 C/T (rs5029937), AFF3 A/T (rs11676922), PADI4 C/T (rs2240340), CD28 T/C (rs1980422), CSK G/A (rs34933034) and FCGR3A A/C (rs396991), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and clinical status was analysed using the LDA and RDA. RESULTS: HLA-DRB1, PTPN22, STAT4, IRF5 and PADI4 significantly discriminated between RA patients and healthy controls in LDA. The correlation between RA diagnosis and the explanatory variables in the model was 0.328 (Trace = 0.107; F = 13.715; P = 0.0002). The risk variants of IRF5 and CD28 genes were found to be common determinants for seropositivity in RDA, while positivity of RF alone was associated with the CTLA4 risk variant in heterozygous form. The correlation between serologic status and genetic determinants on the 1st ordinal axis was 0.468, and 0.145 on the 2nd one (Trace = 0.179; F = 6.135; P = 0.001). The risk alleles in AFF3 gene together with the presence of ACPA were associated with higher clinical severity of RA. CONCLUSIONS: The association among multiple risk variants related to T cell receptor signalling with seropositivity may play an important role in distinct clinical phenotypes of RA. Our study demonstrates that multiparametric analyses represent a powerful tool for investigation of mutual relationships of potential risk factors in complex diseases such as RA.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• antigeny CD28 genetika   MeSH
• autoprotilátky genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• interferonové regulační faktory genetika   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida genetika   MeSH
• revmatoidní faktor genetika   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• autofagie MeSH
• autoimunitní nemoci * etiologie   genetika   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• HLA antigeny MeSH
• HLA-DRB1 řetězec MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přirozená imunita MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida * etiologie   genetika   MeSH
• transkripční faktory STAT MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

The aim of our study was to investigate adrenocortical function in the context of disease activity and inflammatory status in premenopausal RA females. Adrenal glucocorticoid and androgen responses to the 1 microg ACTH 1-24 test were investigated in 23 premenopausal RA and in 15 age- and BMI-matched healthy females. Twelve RA patients were on low-dose prednisone (<8.5 mg/day). Patients with DAS28>3.2 had lower (p<0.05) total plasma cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione responses in the ACTH test compared to healthy controls. Patients with DAS28>3.2 had lower (p<0.05) dehydroepiandrosterone response in the ACTH test compared to patients with DAS28

• MeSH
• 11-beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenasa typ 1 metabolismus   MeSH
• 17-alfa-hydroxyprogesteron krev   MeSH
• adrenokortikotropní hormon diagnostické užití   MeSH
• androgeny metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin krev   MeSH
• kůra nadledvin patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• premenopauza krev   MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Objective. This study was aimed to evaluate possible obesogenic and diabetogenic impact of highly increased serum level of persistent organochlorinated pollutants POPs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiethyl-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), on the level of obesity markers (cholesterol and triglyceride level in serum, and body mass index [BMI]) and diabetes markers (fasting glucose and fasting insulin in serum) in inhabitans of Eastern Slovakia. Methods. In young (21-40 years) males (n=248) and females (n=330) as well as in old (41-75 years) males (n=586) and females (n=889), the serum levels of 15 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (Σ15PCBs), p,p'-DDE and HCB, and serum insulin, testosterone, total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels have been estimated by high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and by the appropriate electrochemiluminiscent immunoassay or chemical methods, respectively. Results. In both age groups of males and females, the levels of Σ15PCBs, p,p'-DDE, and HCB were very high and their mutual interrelations were highly significant (p<0.01). However, it should be noted that no significant changes were found in individual variables related to very high level of Σ15PCBs, except of increased BMI (p>0.05) in females. In all ages and gender groups, defined above general as related to increasing level of individual OCPs in individual age and gender groups, significant increase in cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as BMI values, supported their obesogenic effect, while significant increase in fasting glucose and insulin in serum, supported their diabetogenic effect. Finally, highly significant decrease in testosterone level, as found in both young and old males, supported the antiandrogenic effect, namely of HCB. However, somewhat less of p,p'-DDE, while PCBs did not show any such effect in spite of their very high level. Conclusions. Highly increased blood levels of diabetes (fasting glucose and insulin) and obesity markers (cholesterol, triglyceride and BMI) were found in large groups of males and females in highly polluted area of Slovakia. Significant decrease in testosterone level was also observed in males.

• MeSH
• chlorované uhlovodíky analýza   krev   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• dichlordifenyldichlorethylen analýza   krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hexachlorbenzen analýza   krev   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza   krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly analýza   krev   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH