Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder with repetitive behaviour which affects interaction and communication. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate abundant in the seeds and sprouts of cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to be effective in alleviating autistic behaviour. We performed a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study to examine the possible effect of SFN in a paediatric cohort aged three to seven years based on measurements of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2), the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2), and the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC). The study consisted of three visits over the duration of 36 weeks (baseline, 18 weeks, and 36 weeks). Twenty-eight of the 40 randomized children completed the study. The mean total raw scores on ABC and SRS-2 improved in both groups, but none of the changes reached statistical significance (ABC: 0 weeks p = 0.2742, 18 weeks p = 0.4352, and 36 weeks 0.576; SRS-2: 0 weeks p = 0.5235, 18 weeks p = 0.9176, and 36 weeks 0.7435). Changes in the assessment of the ADOS-2 subscale scores also did not differ between the two study cohorts (ADOS-2: 0 weeks p = 0.8782, 18 weeks p = 0.4788, and 36 weeks 0.9414). We found no significant clinical improvement in the behavioural outcome measures evaluated in children with ASD aged 3-7 years that were treated with sulforaphane.
- MeSH
- autistická porucha * farmakoterapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- isothiokyanatany terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy autistického spektra * farmakoterapie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
x
x
- Klíčová slova
- sulforafan,
- MeSH
- analýza potravin MeSH
- biochemické jevy MeSH
- Brassica MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- čokoláda * analýza MeSH
- lyofilizace MeSH
- potravinářská technologie metody MeSH
- Raphanus MeSH
- sloučeniny síry * MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- zdravá strava MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Lignans are members of a broad group of plant phenols that can positively affect human health. They occur in negligible quantities in processed foodstuffs such as lager beer. The aim of this work was to utilize the high levels of lignans in the knots of spruce trees (Picea abies) to increase the lignans content in beer, without negatively impacting the natural taste and aroma. By means of lignans addition in the forms of spruce knot chips or different extracts made from spruce knots during the wort boiling were produced beer and beer-based beverages with lignans content ranging from 34 to 174 mg/L.
- MeSH
- analýza potravin metody MeSH
- chuťová percepce MeSH
- kvalita jídla MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lignany * analýza MeSH
- pivo * analýza MeSH
- smrk MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The medicinal plant Swertia multicaulis D. Don was collected in Rasuwa District (Nepal) and the xanthone content of its ethyl acetate extracts was studied. The total amount of xanthones in S. multicaulis determined by HPLC reaches almost 13 g of xanthones per 1 kg of dry matter. The identification of xanthones in S. multicaulis was achieved by a combination of HPLC, LC⁻MS and LC⁻NMR. The final assignment of the individual chemical structures was provided by NMR, supported by preparative HPLC. In eight chromatographic peaks, four major xanthones were identified—1,3-dihydroxy-5,8-dimethoxyxanthone, 1-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethoxyxanthone, bellidifolin (1,5,8-tri-hydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone), and decussatin (1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone).
- MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- fytonutrienty analýza chemie MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty analýza chemie MeSH
- sekundární metabolismus MeSH
- Swertia chemie metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- xantony analýza chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The inflorescence of common elder (Sambucus nigra L., Adoxaceae) is known to be rich in phenolic compounds. The content of five selected phenolic compounds (rutin, chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin-3-O- rutinoside and dicaffeoylquinic acid) was determined in methanolic extracts from flowers and floral stems by HPLC in samples obtained from 20 varieties of S. nigra cultivated in Czech Republic. In all samples, there were determined rutin (11-54 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (23-46 mg/g), isoquercitrin (0.6-18 mg/g), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (3-10 mg/g), calculated on air-dried material. The content of dicaffeoylquinic acid was 0-13 mg/g of air-dried material. The amount of the analysed compounds in floral stems was lower than the flowers. The results are a unique set of information on the content of main phenolics in the inflorescence of cultured elderberry varieties.
- MeSH
- bez černý chemie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fenoly farmakologie MeSH
- květy chemie MeSH
- ovoce chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
- stonky rostlin chemie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Grape canes are a waste product from viticulture that show potential as an industrially extractable source of stilbenes, which are valuable for medical and other purposes. In this work, grape canes collected in three consecutive years (2014-2016) at six different places in South Moravia, Czech Republic were extracted, and the contents oftrans-resveratrol,trans-ε-viniferin, and r2-viniferin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The study included three blue grape varieties ofVitis viniferaL. (Cabernet Moravia, Blaufränkisch, and Piwi variety Laurot) and four white grape varieties (Chardonnay, Green Veltliner, Piwi variety Hibernal, and Piwi variety Malverina). From the viewpoint of producing extracts with high stilbenes content, the Hibernal variety is clearly the best. The mean amounts of the stilbenes for this variety at all localities and for all three years were 4.99 g/kg fortrans-resveratrol, 3.24 g/kg fortrans-ε-viniferin, and 1.73 g/kg for r2-viniferin. The influence of vintage, locality, and variety on the amounts of stilbenes was studied using PCA analysis. In contrast to expectations, there was no strong impact of locality on stilbenes content. The differences were varietal for most varieties, regardless of the area of cultivation. Laurot and Hibernal varieties did differ significantly in that respect, however, as they exhibited clear dependence on location.
- MeSH
- benzofurany analýza MeSH
- polyfenoly analýza MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty analýza chemie MeSH
- stilbeny analýza chemie MeSH
- Vitis chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- fytoestrogeny MeSH
- fyziologie výživy * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lignany * chemie metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- rostliny MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Lemna minor is often used in environmental risk assessment and it can be supposed that usually evaluated parameters will be reliable even for assessing the risk of pharmaceuticals. Subtle changes in duckweed plant number, biomass production, and leaf area size induced by 10-day-exposure to diclofenac (DCF) and paracetamol (PCT) (0.1, 10, and 100 μg/L), excepting 100 μg/L DCF, are in contrast with considerable changes on biochemical and histochemical level. Both drugs caused a decrease in content of photosynthetic pigments (by up to 50%), an increase in non-photochemical quenching (by 65%) and decrease in relative chlorophyll fluorescence decay values (by up to 90% with DCF). Both DCF and especially PCT increased amount of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species in roots. DCF-induced effects included mainly increased lipid peroxidation (by 78%), disturbation in membrane integrity and lowering both oxidoreductase and dehydrogenase activities (by 30%). PCT increased the content of soluble proteins and phenolics. Higher concentrations of both DCF and PCT increased the levels of oxidised ascorbate (by 30%) and oxidised thiols (by up to 84% with DCF). Glutathion-reductase activity was elevated by both pharmaceuticals (nearly by 90%), glutathion-S-transferase activity increased mainly with PCT (by 22%). The early and sensitive indicators of DCF and PCT phytotoxicity stress in duckweed are mainly the changes in biochemical processes, connected with activation of defense mechanisms against oxidative stress.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- diklofenak metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- fotosyntéza účinky léků MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- Magnoliopsida účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- paracetamol metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- reaktivní formy dusíku metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The environmental fate of airborne nanoparticles and their toxicity to plants is not yet fully understood. Pot-grown barley plants with second leaves developed were therefore exposed to CdO nanoparticles (CdONPs) of ecologically relevant size (7-60 nm) and concentration (2.03 ± 0.45 × 10(5) particles cm(-3)) in air for 3 weeks. An experiment was designed to test the effects of different treatments when only leaves (T1); leaves and soil substrate (T2); and leaves, soil, and water supply were exposed to nanoparticles (T3). A fourth, control group of plants was left without treatment (T0). Although CdONPs were directly absorbed by leaves from the air, a part of leaf-allocated Cd was also transported from roots by transpiration flow. Chromatographic assays revealed that CdONPs had a significant effect on total content of primary metabolites (amino acids and saccharides) but no significant effect on total content of secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds, Krebs cycle acids, and fatty acids). In addition, the compositions of individual metabolite classes were affected by CdONP treatment. For example, tryptophan and phenylalanine were the most affected amino acids in both analysed organs, while ferulic acid and isovitexin constituted the polyphenols most affected in leaves. Even though CdONP treatment had no effect on total fatty acids content, there were significant changes in the composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in both the roots and leaves of treated plants. Although the results indicate the most pronounced effect in T3 plants as compared to T1 and T2 plants, even just leaf exposure to CdONPs has the potential to induce changes in plant metabolism.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny metabolismus MeSH
- apigenin metabolismus MeSH
- fenoly metabolismus MeSH
- ječmen (rod) účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny kumarové metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- listy rostlin účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- nanočástice toxicita MeSH
- oxidy toxicita MeSH
- sekundární metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- sloučeniny kadmia toxicita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
