- MeSH
- Allergens immunology classification MeSH
- Hypersensitivity * diagnosis drug therapy immunology physiopathology MeSH
- Anaphylaxis drug therapy MeSH
- Leukotriene Antagonists pharmacology classification therapeutic use MeSH
- Histamine Antagonists pharmacology classification therapeutic use MeSH
- Bronchodilator Agents pharmacology classification therapeutic use MeSH
- Desensitization, Immunologic classification methods MeSH
- Glucocorticoids pharmacology classification therapeutic use MeSH
- Immunoglobulin E immunology MeSH
- Mast Cell Stabilizers pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Background: Oral ulcers are among the common recurrent oral diseases which seek medical help; the underlying pathology is yet obscure, making medical intervention difficult.Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate if montelukast could help mouth ulcer model in Albino rats.Methods: The rats were divided into two groups of 24, the control group of 12 rats with induced ulcer and no therapy, and the treatment group with induced ulcer and treated orally with Montelukast 20 mg/kg. Each group had six rats sacrificed after 3 and 7 days of treatment. The lingual ulcer was produced with cotton soaked in 70% acetic acid solution and rubbed against the tongue for 2 minutes. Discolouration of tongue tissue has been noticed. Animals in all groups were weighed on days 1, 3, and 7 following mucosal ulcerations were confirmed.Results: On days 1, 3, and 7, the body weight of the treatment group rats improved as compared to the control group. On days 3 and 7, the tongue histological section of the control group revealed a wide gap of the site of ulcer in the lingual mucosa, inflammatory exudate, and severe infiltration of inflammatory cells (score 3) without re-epithelialization (score 0). Lingual sections of MTK treated group after ulcer induction on day 3 showed the same lesions as the control group whereas after 7 days demonstrated improvement in inflammatory indicators as inflammatory exudate and infiltration of inflammatory cells (score 1), formation of granulation tissue composed of fibrous tissue and angiogenesis and Re-epithelialization (score 1) comparing with the control group.Conclusion: The present study found Montelukast's anti-inflammatory potential characteristics to treat generated lingual ulcers in rats.
- Keywords
- montelukast,
- MeSH
- Leukotriene Antagonists * administration & dosage pharmacology MeSH
- Histological Techniques MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Body Weight MeSH
- Oral Ulcer * drug therapy pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Clinical Study MeSH
- MeSH
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Hypersensitivity * drug therapy therapy MeSH
- Leukotriene Antagonists therapeutic use MeSH
- Histamine Antagonists pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Biological Therapy MeSH
- Bronchodilator Agents pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Cholinergic Antagonists pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Omalizumab therapeutic use MeSH
- Oxymetazoline therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Fyziologické denní rytmy jsou regulovány cirkadiánními hodinami a molekulární hodiny jsou důležité také v patogenezi dvou nejčastějších nemocí dýchacích cest. Astma vykazuje v průběhu dne výrazné změny, pokud jde o symptomy, fyziologii dýchacích cest a zánět dýchacích cest. Pokud je důležitá denní doba, pak z toho vyplývá, že i podání léků na astma by mělo být přizpůsobeno nejúčinnější denní době v konceptu známém jako „chronoterapie“.
Physiological daily rhythms are regulated by the circadian clock, and the molecular clock is important also in the pathogenesis of two most common airway diseases. Asthma exhibits a marked time of day variation in symptoms, airway physiology, and airway inflammation. If time of day is important, then it follows that treatment of asthma should also be tailored to the most efficacious time of the day, a concept known as “chronotherapy”.
- MeSH
- Patient Compliance MeSH
- Aminophylline administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Leukotriene Antagonists pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Administration, Inhalation MeSH
- Asthma * drug therapy MeSH
- Bronchodilator Agents administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Chronotherapy * MeSH
- Circadian Rhythm MeSH
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Prednisone administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Heart Arrest MeSH
- Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome drug therapy MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Autoři předkládají současný přístup k diagnostice a léčbě alergické rýmy s aktuálními možnostmi ovlivnění její symptomatologie. Článek zdůrazňuje hlavně základní principy léčby alergických onemocnění – snahu o identifikaci a eliminaci příčinného alergenu či spouštěče, farmakoterapii symptomů, edukaci pacienta o režimových opatřeních a léčbu specifickou alergenovou imunoterapií; seznámí čtenáře také s novými doporučeními ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Impact on Asthma).
She mainly emphasizes the basic principles of treatment of allergic diseases – attempts to identify and eliminate the causative allergen or allergy trigger, pharmacotherapy of the symptoms, patient education regarding regime measures, and treatment with specific allergen immunotherapy; the publication also introduces readers to new ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Impact on Asthma) recommendations.
- MeSH
- Rhinitis, Allergic diagnosis classification therapy MeSH
- Leukotriene Antagonists administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Histamine Antagonists administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Desensitization, Immunologic MeSH
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Cromolyn Sodium administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nasal Decongestants MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
The G protein-coupled cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT1R mediates inflammatory processes and plays a major role in numerous disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Selective CysLT1R antagonists are widely prescribed as antiasthmatic drugs; however, these drugs demonstrate low effectiveness in some patients and exhibit a variety of side effects. To gain deeper understanding into the functional mechanisms of CysLTRs, we determined the crystal structures of CysLT1R bound to two chemically distinct antagonists, zafirlukast and pranlukast. The structures reveal unique ligand-binding modes and signaling mechanisms, including lateral ligand access to the orthosteric pocket between transmembrane helices TM4 and TM5, an atypical pattern of microswitches, and a distinct four-residue-coordinated sodium site. These results provide important insights and structural templates for rational discovery of safer and more effective drugs.
- MeSH
- Leukotriene Antagonists chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Anti-Asthmatic Agents chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Chromones chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Crystallography, X-Ray MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Ligands MeSH
- Receptors, Leukotriene chemistry genetics metabolism MeSH
- Recombinant Proteins biosynthesis chemistry isolation & purification MeSH
- Molecular Docking Simulation MeSH
- Sodium chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Protein Structure, Tertiary MeSH
- Tosyl Compounds chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Binding Sites MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- MeSH
- Leukotriene Antagonists therapeutic use MeSH
- Asthma * immunology physiopathology MeSH
- Molecular Targeted Therapy MeSH
- Eosinophilia etiology physiopathology MeSH
- Eosinophils * physiology pathology MeSH
- Glucocorticoids therapeutic use MeSH
- Interleukin-5 antagonists & inhibitors MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Antibodies, Monoclonal therapeutic use MeSH
- Omalizumab therapeutic use MeSH
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit antagonists & inhibitors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Leukotriene Antagonists MeSH
- Asthma * drug therapy MeSH
- Leukotrienes MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Antibodies, Monoclonal MeSH
- Omalizumab MeSH
- Theophylline MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Alergická onemocnění jsou chápána jako systémová onemocnění s orgánovými příznaky. Alergická rýma je definována jako soubor nosních příznaků, vznikajících na podkladě IgE – zprostředkovaného zánětu po alergenové expozici nosní sliznice. Základní charakteristikou alergické rýmy je perzistující eozinofilní zánět provázený typickými klinickými projevy. Alergická rinitida se rozvíjí na podkladě četných vlivů zevního prostředí u geneticky disponovaného jedince. Projevy rýmy mohou být spontánně reverzibilní nebo ustupují po léčbě. Plán vedení léčby alergické rýmy obsahuje edukaci pacienta a eliminaci alergenů, farmakoterapii, specifickou alergenovou imunoterapii. Sublinguální tabletová forma alergenové imunoterapie (pyly trav, roztoči domácího prachu) je moderním alternativou léčby subkutánní. Tato léčba snižuje závažnost alergických příznaků, snižuje riziko vzniku nových alergických senzibilizací a inhibuje rozvoj klinického astmatu u pacientů léčených pro alergickou rýmu.
Allergic diseases are seen as systemic diseases with organ symptoms. Allergic rhinitis is defined as a group of nasal symptoms,arising from an underlying IgE-mediated inflammation following exposure of the nasal mucosa to allergens. The basic feature ofallergic rhinitis is a persistent eosinophilic inflammation accompanied by typical clinical manifestations. Allergic rhinitis developson the basis of numerous environmental factors in a genetically predisposed individual. The symptoms of rhinitis may be spontaneouslyreversible or resolve following treatment. The management of allergic rhinitis involves patient education, eliminationof allergens, pharmacotherapy, and specific allergen immunotherapy. Sublingual tablet dosage form of allergen immunotherapy(grass pollens, house dust mites) is a modern alternative to subcutaneous treatment. This treatment reduces the severity ofallergy symptoms, lowers the risk of developing new allergic sensitizations, and prevents the development of clinical asthma inpatients treated for allergic rhinitis.
- MeSH
- Rhinitis, Allergic * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Leukotriene Antagonists administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Histamine Antagonists administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Asthma etiology complications prevention & control MeSH
- Desensitization, Immunologic * methods trends utilization MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Drug Therapy * methods utilization MeSH
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Comorbidity trends MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Environment, Controlled MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Vaccines therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Článek pojednává o problematice těžkého eozinofilního astmatu a jeho postavení v diagnostice, fenotypizaci a léčbě. Většina pacientů s astmatem dnes může být poměrně snadno léčena díky dostupnosti vysoce efektivní terapie. Ukazuje se, že přibližně 5 % astmatiků trpí takovou formou onemocnění, u níž tato léčba selhává. Astma pak označujeme jako těžké, někdy také jako tzv. na terapii rezistentní. Sku-tečná praxe je však jiná ‒ víme, že více než polovina astmatiků má potíže a asi jedna třetina potíže těžké. Proto je důležité odlišovat skutečné těžké rezistentní astma od astmatu obtížně léčitelného, na němž se podílejí rovněž jiné faktory (problematika chybné inhalační techniky, nepoznané komorbidity, trvající abúzus cigaret ad.).
The article reviews the issue of severe eosinophilic asthma and its status in diagnostics, phenotyping, and treatment. Most patients with asthma can be treated quite easily with available effective therapy. It has been shown that approximately 5% of asthma patients suffer from a disease type for which this treatment fails. As a result, such asthma is described as severe, sometimes as treatment resistant asthma as well. However, common practice shows otherwise – we know that more than half asthma patients experience difficulty, and around one third severe problems. Therefore, it is important to discern between true severe resistant asthma and asthma that is diffi-cult to treat which is influenced by other factors as well (improper inhalation technique, unrecognized comorbidities, concurrent to-bacco abuse, etc.).
- MeSH
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Leukotriene Antagonists administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Antifungal Agents administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Biological Therapy MeSH
- Asthma * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Bronchial Thermoplasty methods MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System MeSH
- Eosinophilia * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Drug Therapy methods MeSH
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Severity of Illness Index * MeSH
- Theophylline administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Tiotropium Bromide antagonists & inhibitors adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
