Primární pyomyozitida je hnisavá infekce kosterního svalu často s tvorbou abscesů, která vzniká na základě hematogenní infekce. Primární infekce má obvykle subakutní začátek a nejčastěji postihuje jednu svalovou skupinu dolní končetiny nebo svaly kyčle a pánve. Prezentujeme 16letého diabetika I. typu s nově diagnostikovanou akutní lymfoblastickou leukemií. Agresivní indukční chemoterapie byla šestý den komplikována febrilní neutropenií. Pacient udával při chůzi bolest pravého adduktoru stehna, na kůži jsme pozorovali flegmonózní změny kůže, připomínající podkožní hematom. Shrnujeme diagnostické a léčebné postupy, které vedly k dosažení definitivní diagnózy a terapeutického úspěchu.
Primary pyomyositis is a purulent infection of the skeletal muscle often with abscess formation, which arises from a haematogenous infection. Primary infections usually have a subacute onset and most commonly affect one muscle group of the lower limb or the muscles of the hip and pelvis. We present a 16-year-old type I diabetic with with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Aggressive induction chemotherapy was complicated by febrile neutropenia on day 6. The patient reported right thigh adductor pain on walking, and we observed phlegmonous skin changes resembling a subcutaneous hematoma. We summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that led to a definitive diagnosis and therapeutic success.
- MeSH
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma * complications MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 MeSH
- Drainage MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Pyomyositis * diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- Thigh diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
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- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques methods MeSH
- Muscle, Skeletal microbiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Low Back Pain etiology MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Oxacillin pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Pyomyositis * diagnosis drug therapy MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- MeSH
- Abscess diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Folliculitis diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Furunculosis diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Impetigo diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Soft Tissue Infections * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Skin Diseases, Infectious * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pyomyositis diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Prezentována je kazuistika 25letého dosud zdravého muže s horečnatým onemocněním provázeným otoky kloubů, bolestmi svalů levého předloktí a s výsevem petechií na kůži v téže oblasti. Stav byl zprvu hodnocen jako flegmóna levého předloktí a empiricky byla zahájena léčba klindamycinem. Pro rozvoj sepse a septického šoku s projevy DIC byl 2. den hospitalizace převzat na JIP oddělení, léčba byla empiricky posílena ceftriaxonem. Nadále se šířily bolesti svalů provázené jejich edémem a zarudnutím kůže nad nimi. Vzhledem k neznámému původci onemocnění byla odeslána krev na PCR vyšetření a komerčním multiplexem byla zachycena Neisseria meningitidis. Sonografickým vyšetřením byly verifikovány zánětlivé změny v postižených svalových skupinách a stav byl uzavřen jako pyomyositida. Na levém předloktí se vyvinula nekróza kůže, která byla lokálně ošetřována. Pacient byl ve stabilizovaném stavu doléčen na standardním oddělení intravenózně ceftriaxonem až do propuštění 17. den. Vzorek krve a punkce z tekutinových kolekcí v postižených svalech byl zaslán ke konfirmaci do národní referenční laboratoře, kde byla metodou real time PCR potvrzena N. meningitidis skupiny C.
A case report is presented of a 25-year-old healthy man with a feverish disease accompanied by joint swelling and pain in the left forearm muscles with petechiae on the skin in the same area. The condition was initially diagnosed as a left forearm phlegmon and treated empirically with clindamycin. Due to the development of sepsis and septic shock with DIC manifestations, on the second day of hospitalization he was referred to the ICU and the antibiotic treatment was strengthened empirically with ceftriaxone. Pain in the muscles continued to spread and was accompanied by their edema and reddening of the skin above them. Because of an unknown disease agent, a blood sample was sent for PCR investigation, where Neisseria meningitidis was detected using a commercial multiplex PCR kit. Ultrasound examination revealed inflammatory changes in the affected muscle groups, and a definitive diagnosis of pyomyositis was made. The patient was transferred to a standard ward in a stabilized state to complete ceftriaxone intravenous antibiotic therapy until discharge on day 17. A blood sample and puncture from fluid collection in the affected muscles were sent for confirmation to the National Reference Laboratory for Meningococcal Infections, where N. meningitidis was confirmed by real time PCR and, subsequently, group C was identified.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C pathogenicity MeSH
- Pyomyositis * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
The case of a 67-year-old woman with a combination of pelvic pyomyositis and left-sided sacroiliitis is reported. After a failed two-week antibiotic therapy, CT-guided percutaneous drainage of psoas muscle abscesses was performed and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated. Subsequently, a regression of symptoms was observed. At 6.5 weeks after the onset of symptoms, progression of sacroiliac joint (SI) destruction was again observed and an open revision of the SI joint was indicated (posterior approach, drainage and lavage). This again was followed by symptom regression. At 9.5 weeks after the patient was admitted, her condition markedly deteriorated and a large gluteal abscess was detected on CT examination. The second revision surgery was complicated by massive bleeding and, due to a septic pseudoaneurysm, internal iliac artery ligation was necessary. A significant subsidence of inflammatory changes and no pseudoaneurysm were shown on the follow-up CT scan. The intravenous antibiotic therapy with clindamycin was continued. At follow-up, repeated microbiological cultures from both tissue samples and drained secretions were all negative and CT scanning detected neither any fluid around the SI joint nor a pseudoaneurysm.
- MeSH
- Psoas Abscess diagnostic imaging surgery MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage MeSH
- Iliac Artery diagnostic imaging surgery MeSH
- Drainage methods MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Ligation methods MeSH
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MeSH
- Aneurysm, False diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Pyomyositis drug therapy MeSH
- Sacroiliac Joint diagnostic imaging surgery MeSH
- Sacroiliitis MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections diagnosis MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Case Reports MeSH
The authors present three case reports of primary pyomyositis, a severe but rare disorder involving the muscles around the hip. In three boys, with an average age of 16 years, the disease developed suddenly in association with strenuous sporting activities. The boys had fever, pain and restricted motion at hip joints, haemoculture tests positive for Staphylococcus aureus and the presence of inflammatory markers. Magnetic resonance findings showed infiltrates and abscesses in the muscles around the hip. X-ray and computed tomography (CT) examination of the pelvis revealed bone irregularities near the pubic symphysis due to repeated avulsion injury to the medial group of the thigh muscles in two boys, and a fresh avulsion of the anterior inferior iliac spine in one boy. This patient developed reactive synovitis of the hip and iliopectineal bursitis. All three patients received intravenous antibiotic therapy, first with broad-spectrum and then with specific anti-staphylococcus antibiotics, for 2 to 3 months. Repeated puncture and drainage of the abscesses under CT guidance was performed in one patient; repeated surgery with abscess removal was necessary in two patients. The early diagnosis and combined conservative and surgical treatment prevented development of the third, septic stage of this disease which is commonly associated with serious complications.
- MeSH
- Psoas Abscess surgery microbiology MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage MeSH
- Hip microbiology pathology radiography MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Orthopedic Procedures methods MeSH
- Pyomyositis drug therapy surgery microbiology MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification drug effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
By presenting the results of treatment of secondary pyomyositis of deep hip muscles, to draw attention to the seriousness of this complication occurring in association with pelvic and lumbo-sacral infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The course of disease was evaluated retrospectively in a group of 13 patients with an average age of 65.8 years treated in the period from April 2004 to June 2007. The imaging methods used included native radiography, ultrasonography (SONO), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Markers of inflammation, i.e., C-creative protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and WBC differential count, were used to assess the intensity of inflammation. At stage 1, patients were treated conservatively, with appropriate antibiotic therapy. At stages 2 and 3, surgical procedures were used (incision, abscess evacuation and drainage) or abscess was treated by CT-guided needle puncture and pigtail drain insertion. The evaluation took into account survival of the patients in relation to the stage of their disease, early detection of origin of infection, therapy initiation, and other factors putting patients at risk. RESULTS: Of the 13 patients treated, 10 had stage 3 pyomyositis with beginning or developed multiple-organ failure when they were referred to our institution from outside hospitals; three admitted at stage 2 pyomyositis were in relatively good state. Ten patients were cured, two died due to multiple-organ failure and one due to pulmonary embolism after lower-extremity phlebothrombosis. The success of treatment appeared to be related to early surgical intervention. DISCUSSION: A good outcome of therapy depends on an early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying infection and pyomyositis. To establish the diagnosis of pyomyositis, repeated clinical, laboratory and bacteriological examinations are necessary, as well as the use of imaging methods, namely SONO, CT and MRI. Treatment may be complicated when small multiple abscesses develop deep in the hip muscles where surgical intervention is difficult. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary pyomyositis is a serious, life-threatening complication of the underlying infection. The outcome of the disease depends on early diagnosis, therapy and the patient's overall state. Stage 1 pyomyositis (muscle oedema) is treated conservatively with antibiotics. Stage 2 pyomyositis needs surgical intervention with abscess aspiration and drainage; in some cases CT-guided needle puncture with pigtail drain insertion is sufficient. An appropriate antibiotic course is obligatory. Stage 3 pyomyositis associated with septic shock or multiple-organ failure requires a comprehensive care in an acute medicine department. In polymorbid patients prognosis is poor and treatment is expensive and often unsuccessful.
