- MeSH
- alpha-Tocopherol * administration & dosage metabolism MeSH
- Ergometry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Respiratory Function Tests MeSH
- Athletes MeSH
- Oxygen Consumption drug effects MeSH
- Case-Control Studies MeSH
- Physical Exertion * drug effects MeSH
- Vitamin E * metabolism MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Critical Illness drug therapy metabolism MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lipid Peroxidation MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Vitamin E administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Free Radicals adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
Tokoferol-alfa-acetát nachází uplatnění jako léčivá látka (vitamin E) v perorálních, parenterálních i topických přípravcích. Záměrem článku není dopodrobna rozvádět terapeutické využití tokoferolů, ale podat základní informace o vlastnostech a použití dané látky a především představit příklady vhodných receptur, neboť tokoferol se stále v některých předpisech na individuálně připravované léčivé přípravky objevuje. Příprava může být snazší, protože tokoferol-alfa-acetát je od října 2010 k dispozici lékárnám jako farmaceutická substance pro individuální přípravu léčivých přípravků.
Alpha-tocopherol acetate has been used as medicinal substance (vitamin E) for peroral, parenteral and topical preparationes. The aim of the article is not to present the sometimes questionable therapeutic use of tocopherols but to provide basic information on the properties and use of this substance and to present suitable examples of formulas because tocopherol is still used in some prescriptions of extemporaneous preparations. The formulation can be easier now because alpha-tocopherol acetate has been available as a substance for extemporaneous preparation in pharmacies since October 2010.
- Keywords
- individuální příprava, dithranol, Nasopanthil.,
- MeSH
- alpha-Tocopherol pharmacology adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Combinations MeSH
- Dosage Forms MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Drug Compounding methods MeSH
- Tocopherols administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Measurement of intestinal permeability represents one of the potential methods of noninvasive laboratory assessment of gastrointestinal toxicity of anticancer therapy. We have assessed intestinal permeability (by measuring absorption of lactulose, mannitol, and xylose), vitamin A absorption and serum alpha-tocopherol in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma or head and neck carcinomas treated with gefitinib. Lactulose, mannitol and xylose were determined by capillary gas chromatography, and retinol, alpha-tocopherol, retinyl stearate and retinyl palmitate were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to healthy controls, patients had significantly increased lactulose/mannitol ratio and lower postprandial retinyl palmitate and retinyl stearate concentrations. Compared with pre-treatment values, xylose absorption was decreased and lactulose/mannitol and lactulose/xylose ratios were increased during the therapy. A significant decrease of serum alpha-tocopherol was evident throughout the course of therapy. In contrast, only minor alterations of vitamin A absorption were observed. In conclusion, an alteration in intestinal permeability reflected in increased lactulose/mannitol and lactulose/xylose ratios was observed during gefitinib therapy. Potential association between decreased serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations and the toxicity of gefitinib therapy should be further investigated.
- MeSH
- alpha-Tocopherol blood MeSH
- Quinazolines pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Intestinal Absorption drug effects MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Permeability drug effects MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Intestines drug effects MeSH
- Case-Control Studies MeSH
- Vitamin A metabolism MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Breast milk is a main source of fat-soluble vitamins for newborns and it is needful to monitor the nutritional status prior to its application. In this work a novel, high-throughput and low-cost method for monitoring of retinol and alpha-tocopherol in breast milk was developed, validated and compared with reference method using monolithic column. For this purpose five various porous shell and monolithic columns were tested on the basis of relationship between HETP and linear mobile phase velocity, analysis time and consumption of solvents. Finally the core-shell analytical column Kinetex C18 (2.6 μm, 100 Å, 100×4.6 mm) was chosen as the best and optimal values of flow rate, injection volume and temperature of analysis were established. The detection of retinol and alpha-tocopherol was carried out at 325 and 295 nm, respectively by diode array detector. The LOD 0.004 μmol/L and 0.078 μmol/L, the LOQ 0.012 μmol/L and 0.182 μmol/L for retinol and alpha-tocopherol, respectively were calculated. The validation data showed good linearity, repeatability of retention time with RSD 0.22% and 0.12%, repeatability of peak area with RSD 6.94% and 1.75%, recovery 114.1-116.3% and 99.0-108.6% for retinol and alpha-tocopherol, respectively. Moreover, the newly developed method substantially decreased the solvent consumption by about 263 mL per 100 samples with the total time of analysis 1.75 min in comparison with analysis time 1.80 of the reference method.
- MeSH
- alpha-Tocopherol analysis MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Limit of Detection MeSH
- Milk, Human chemistry MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Vitamin A analysis MeSH
- Vitamins analysis MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid economics instrumentation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Validation Study MeSH
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance plays an important role. d-alpha-tocopherol (biologically the most active form of vitamin E) has redox properties and by scavenging the free radicals can act as an antioxidant. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of orally administered alpha-tocopherol in a rat model of allergic asthma. METHODOLOGY: Actively sensitized rats (OA) were treated with alpha-tocopherol (400 mg/kg/day for 10 days) or vehicle; 1 h after the last dose, they were challenged with antigen aerosol. The antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to direct bronchoconstrictor (serotonin), the inflammatory cell infiltrate and histological changes were determined 1 or 24 h after the antigen challenge. RESULTS: Alpha-tocopherol pretreatment was not significantly effective at reducing the studied parameters when compared with controls, even though there was a tendency to a reduction in bronchial responsiveness and in eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration. CONCLUSION: Alpha-tocopherol when administered in the chosen study design in an animal model of asthma had no major effect on airway inflammation. The effect of antioxidants deserves further evaluation.
- MeSH
- Aerosols MeSH
- alpha-Tocopherol administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Administration, Oral MeSH
- Asthma drug therapy MeSH
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid cytology chemistry MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Ovalbumin immunology MeSH
- Lung immunology pathology drug effects MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Serotonin pharmacology MeSH
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
In an earlier study, we have observed an increase of alpha-tocopherol in breast cancer patients treated with third-generation aromatase inhibitors that was related to tamoxifen withdrawal. We report here the results of measurement of alpha-tocopherol in erythrocytes and alpha-tocopherol/cholesterol ratios in patients treated with letrozol. Alpha-tocopherol in lipoprotein fractions and erythrocytes was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in 124 post-menopausal women with breast cancer treated with letrozol immediately before the start of treatment as well as 2 and 4 mo later. After a transient decrease after 2 mo of letrozol therapy, erythrocyte alpha-tocopherol concentrations returned to pre-treatment levels 4 mo after the start of treatment. Apart from lower cholesterol in patients pre-treated with tamoxifen, no significant differences were observed at baseline between patients previously treated with tamoxifen and patients who had no prior tamoxifen in any of the other parameters investigated, but the transient decrease of erythrocyte alpha-tocopherol was observed only in patients previously treated with tamoxifen. Alpha-tocopherol content of lipoprotein fractions was significantly increased 4 mo after the start of therapy, but this increase was evident mostly in patients not treated earlier with tamoxifen. In conclusion, only minor changes of alpha-tocopherol, including a transient decrease of alpha-tocopherol in erythrocyte membranes, and an increase of alpha-tocopherol in lipoprotein fractions were observed during the first 4 mo of letrozol therapy.
- MeSH
- alpha-Tocopherol blood MeSH
- Cholesterol blood MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Erythrocytes drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal administration & dosage MeSH
- Cohort Studies MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Breast Neoplasms blood drug therapy MeSH
- Follow-Up Studies MeSH
- Nitriles therapeutic use MeSH
- Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Tamoxifen administration & dosage MeSH
- Triazoles therapeutic use MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
BACKGROUND: Disorders of antioxidant balance are considered to be involved in the toxicity associated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum alpha-tocopherol and retinol were determined, by high performance liquid chromatography, before and during therapy with a combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin in 28 patients with breast and ovarian cancer. Serum neopterin and cholesterol were measured using a radioimmunoassay and enzymatic colorimetric method, respectively. RESULTS: Compared to pretreatment concentrations, a significant increase was observed in serum alpha-tocopherol and retinol concentrations during therapy that was associated with decreased serum neopterin concentrations. Serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations were significantly higher during therapy in patients who did not experience serious toxicity. CONCLUSION: An increase in alpha-tocopherol and retinol during therapy with combination paclitaxel/carboplatin may be explained by inhibition of systemic immune activation secondary to control of the tumor with effective chemotherapy. Lower alpha-tocopherol concentrations were associated with the toxicity of therapy.
- MeSH
- alpha-Tocopherol blood MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Carboplatin administration & dosage MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Breast Neoplasms blood therapy MeSH
- Ovarian Neoplasms drug therapy blood MeSH
- Neopterin blood MeSH
- Paclitaxel administration & dosage MeSH
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Vitamin A blood MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
Administration of imatinib is the therapy of choice in patients with advanced (inoperable) or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Gastrointestinal toxicity is one of the most common side effects of anticancer therapy, including imatinib. Measurement of intestinal permeability represents a method of noninvasive laboratory assessment of gastrointestinal toxicity. We have measured intestinal permeability (by determining absorption of lactulose, mannitol and xylose), vitamin A absorption and serum alpha-tocopherol in 16 patients with advanced/metastatic GIST treated with imatinib. Lactulose/mannitol and lactulose/xylose ratios as well as parameters of vitamin A absorption did not change significantly during the treatment, but a significant decrease of alpha-tocopherol was observed. We conclude that, in contrast to most other anticancer agents studied so far, imatinib does not have an effect on intestinal permeability. No effect on vitamin A absorption was observed, but serum alpha-tocopherol decreased significantly during the treatment.
- MeSH
- alpha-Tocopherol blood MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors blood drug therapy metabolism MeSH
- Intestinal Absorption drug effects MeSH
- Dietary Sucrose pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Permeability MeSH
- Piperazines pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Pyrimidines pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Intestinal Mucosa drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Vitamin A pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Clinical Trial MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
