INTRODUCTION: The Hueter-Volkmann law (HVL) of the response of growth plate to compression load is a basic concept in orthopaedics. However, little is known about the origin of HVL and its history. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was performed in original publications and historical sources. RESULTS: An analysis of all Volkmann ́s and Hueter ́s texts has shown that none of their publications was based on experiments, but on the data in the literature and their own clinical observations. They did not deal at all with the effect of pressure on the growth plate and mentioned this structure only marginally. The authors coined the opinion that increased pressure retards and decreased pressure accelerates bone growth. Julius Wolff criticized the HVL and concentrated all his arguments in the book "The law of bone remodeling". According to him, increased pressure leads to bone formation, decreased pressure to its resorption. The Wolff-Volkmann dispute was addressed in the German literature by a number of authors. Walther Müller in his monograph "The normal and pathological physiology of the bone" criticized Wolff for his concept of interstitial bone growth. In Müller ́s view, HVL applies to the growing bone and Wolff confuses growth with hypertrophy of the mature bone. CONCLUSION: The circumstances of the emergence of HVL are inaccurately and incompletely described in the current literature, as they are mostly taken from secondary sources. HVL, as it is presented today, is not the original formulation, but the result of a long historical evolution.
- MeSH
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ortopedie * dějiny MeSH
- remodelace kosti fyziologie MeSH
- růstová ploténka * fyziologie MeSH
- vývoj kostí fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Bone remodeling is energetically demanding process. Energy coming from nutrients present in the diet contributes to function of different cell type including osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts in bone marrow participating in bone homeostasis. With aging, obesity and osteoporosis the function of key building blocks, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), changes towards higher accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) and decreased bone mass, which is affected by diet and sex dimorphism. Men and women have unique nutritional needs based on physiological and hormonal changes across the life span. However, the exact molecular mechanisms behind these pathophysiological conditions in bone are not well-known. In this review, we focus on bone and BMAT physiology in men and women and how this approach has been taken by animal studies. Furthermore, we discuss the different diet interventions and impact on bone and BMAT in respect to sex differences. We also discuss the future perspective on precision nutrition with a consideration of sex-based differences which could bring better understanding of the diet intervention in bone health and weight management.
- MeSH
- adipozita * fyziologie MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- kostní dřeň * metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční stav MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
- remodelace kosti fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- buňky pojivové tkáně MeSH
- chrupavka MeSH
- fraktury kostí MeSH
- fraktury růstové ploténky MeSH
- hojení fraktur MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň * anatomie a histologie fyziologie krevní zásobení metabolismus MeSH
- kostra anatomie a histologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteogeneze MeSH
- pojivová tkáň MeSH
- remodelace kosti fyziologie MeSH
- růstová ploténka fyziologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- vývoj kostí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- denzitometrie MeSH
- hormonální substituční terapie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- inhibitory kostní resorpce klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň patologie účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv * klasifikace MeSH
- osteoporóza * chemicky indukované farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- protinádorové látky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- remodelace kosti fyziologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Psoriatická artritida (PsA) je chronické zánětlivé onemocnění asociované s psoriázou, které postihuje muskuloskeletální systém, zejména periferní i axiální klouby. Je to onemocnění velmi heterogenní, provázené řadou komorbidit. Osteoporóza (OP) je systémové onemocnění skeletu charakterizované progredujícím úbytkem kostní hmoty, porušením mikroarchitektury kostní tkáně a následným zvýšením její fragility a sklonem ke vzniku fraktur, a to i při nízké zátěži. Onemocnění OP má multifaktoriální etiologii. Psoriatická artritida a psoriáza jsou dle dostupných zdrojů spojeny se sníženou denzitou kostního minerálu (BMD – Bone Mineral Density) a zvýšeným rizikem zlomenin. Nízká BMD a osteoporóza jsou jedním z problémů, který má za následek nepříznivý vývoj a zhoršení prognózy u pacientů s psoriatickou artritidou.
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disease that affects especially peripheral and axial joints. PsA is a heterogeneous disease frequently associated with psoriasis and several other comorbidities, including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic systemic skeletal disease characterized by progressive bone loss, disruption of bone microarchitecture, and increased risk of fragility fracture. Psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis are associated with reduced BMD and are at greater risk of developing osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture which could be the reason of worsening of the prognosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis.
- Klíčová slova
- daktylitida,
- MeSH
- denzitometrie MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- kostní denzita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteoporotické fraktury * diagnostické zobrazování komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- osteoporóza diagnostické zobrazování epidemiologie komplikace MeSH
- páteř diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- psoriatická artritida * komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- radiografie MeSH
- remodelace kosti fyziologie MeSH
- resorpce kosti patofyziologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Biomechanical load and hormonal levels tended to change just like the soft and skeletal tissue of the elderly with age. Although aging in both sexes shared common traits, it was assumed that there would be a reduction of sexual dimorphism in aged individuals. The main goals of this study were (1) to evaluate age-related differences in cranial sexual dimorphism during senescence, (2) to determine age-related differences in female and male skulls separately, and (3) to compare skull senescence in Czech and French adult samples as discussed by Musilová et al. (Forensic Sci Int 269:70-77, 2016). The cranial surface was analyzed using coherent point drift-dense correspondence analysis. The study sample consisted of 245 CT scans of heads from recent Czech (83 males and 59 females) and French (52 males and 51 females) individuals. Virtual scans in the age range from 18 to 92 years were analyzed using geometric morphometrics. The cranial form was significantly greater in males in all age categories. After size normalization, sexual dimorphism of the frontal, occipital, and zygomatic regions tended to diminish in the elderly. Its development during aging was caused by morphological changes in both female and male skulls but secular changes must also be taken into account. The most notable aging changes were the widening of the neurocranium and the retrusion of the face, including the forehead, especially after the age of 60 in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism was similar between the Czech and French samples but its age-related differences were partially different because of the population specificity. Cranial senescence was found to degrade the accuracy of sex classification (92-94%) in the range of 2-3%.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lebka anatomie a histologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
- remodelace kosti fyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí fyziologie MeSH
- určení pohlaví podle kostry * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Francie MeSH
Chronic kidney disease adversely affects the structure and metabolism of bone tissue, which may be a result of disturbed biochemical processes in adipose tissue. Renal replacement therapy is a life-saving therapy but it does not restore all metabolic functions and sometimes even escalates some disturbances. The study included 126 subjects: 47 hemodialysis patients (HD), 56 patients after renal transplantation (Tx) and 23 healthy controls (K). Bone density at the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS), as well as body composition (adipose tissue content and lean body mass) were measured in each patient using the DXA method. In addition, serum concentrations of glucose, calcium, phosphorus, parathormone, FGF23, Klotho, osteocalcin, leptin, adiponectin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were measured. We observed significantly higher concentrations of leptin, FGF23 and Klotho proteins in the HD patients (77.2±48.1 ng/ml, 54.7±12.4 pg/ml, 420.6±303.8 ng/ml, respectively) and the Tx group (33.2±26.5 ng/ml; 179.8±383.9 pg/ml; 585.4±565.7, respectively) compared to the control group (24.4±24.6 ng/ml, 43.3±37.3 pg/ml, 280.5±376.0 ng/ml). Significantly lower bone density at FN was observed in the HD and Tx patients in comparison to the controls and in the HD patients compared to the Tx group. There were no significant differences in body mass composition between the studied groups. The results of this study indicate that both hemodialysis and transplantation are associated with increased serum concentrations of leptin, FGF23 and Klotho proteins, as well as lower bone density at femoral neck.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience krev diagnostické zobrazování terapie MeSH
- dialýza ledvin škodlivé účinky trendy MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fibroblastové růstové faktory krev MeSH
- glukuronidasa krev MeSH
- kostní denzita fyziologie MeSH
- krček femuru diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- leptin krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- remodelace kosti fyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transplantace ledvin škodlivé účinky trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The skeleton shows an unconventional role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the human organism, not only as the target tissue for a number of systemic hormones, but also as endocrine tissue modulating some skeletal and extraskeletal systems. From this point of view, the principal cells in the skeleton are osteocytes. These cells primarily work as mechano-sensors and modulate bone remodeling. Mechanically unloaded osteocytes synthetize sclerostin, the strong inhibitor of bone formation and RANKL, the strong activator of bone resorption. Osteocytes also express hormonally active vitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) and phosphatonins, such as FGF23. Both 1,25(OH)(2)D and FGF23 have been identified as powerful regulators of the phosphate metabolism, including in chronic kidney disease. Further endocrine cells of the skeleton involved in bone remodeling are osteoblasts. While FGF23 targets the kidney and parathyroid glands to control metabolism of vitamin D and phosphates, osteoblasts express osteocalcin, which through GPRC6A receptors modulates beta cells of the pancreatic islets, muscle, adipose tissue, brain and testes. This article reviews some knowledge concerning the interaction between the bone hormonal network and phosphate or energy homeostasis and/or male reproduction.
- MeSH
- endokrinní systém fyziologie MeSH
- homeostáza fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteoblasty fyziologie MeSH
- osteocyty fyziologie MeSH
- remodelace kosti fyziologie MeSH
- vitamin D metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- CTX-I, PINP,
- MeSH
- biologické markery * metabolismus moč MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- kolagen typu I krev moč MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteoporóza diagnóza MeSH
- peptidové fragmenty krev moč MeSH
- peptidy krev moč MeSH
- prokolagen krev moč MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- regenerace kostí MeSH
- remodelace kosti * fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- resorpce kosti krev moč MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- studie FREEDOM,
- MeSH
- denosumab * terapeutické užití MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- kostní denzita účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nenasazení léčby MeSH
- osteoporotické fraktury prevence a kontrola MeSH
- osteoporóza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- remodelace kosti fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH