BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, global healthcare systems faced unprecedented challenges, with a lack of resources and suboptimal patient care emerging as primary concerns. METHODS: Our research, using a comprehensive 24-item electronic questionnaire, "Reflections on the Provision of Healthcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic," delved into the experiences of 938 physicians across the Czech Republic. RESULTS: Over fifty per cent observed a "lower standard of care" compared to pre-pandemic levels. A division arose among physicians regarding a decision's medical, ethical, or legal basis, with a notable gender disparity: male doctors leaned towards medical perspectives, whereas females accented the ethical perspective. Decision-making concerning health care limitations required agreement among the physicians on duty, interdisciplinary teams, or shift supervisors. Physicians reported varying degrees of patient or family participation in health care decisions. Variables such as age, pre-existing health conditions, and life expectancy influenced care decisions. Surprisingly, half of the physicians faced refusals of patients' transportation to better-equipped facilities due to resource constraints. One-third of physicians never discuss the decision about care limitation and other options with patients or their families. As a result, almost fifty per cent of the physicians rarely or never imparted information about care limitations to patients. CONCLUSION: The survey shed light on the profound ethical dilemmas hospital physicians face across different types of healthcare facilities during the pandemic. It uncovered the need for open dialogue and scholarly debate on resource allocation and strengthening the role of patients and their families in care decisions in future healthcare crises.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Clinical Decision-Making ethics MeSH
- Physicians * ethics MeSH
- Ethics, Medical MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pandemics MeSH
- Attitude of Health Personnel MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Decision Making ethics MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mothers psychology MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Palliative Care ethics methods MeSH
- Perinatal Care * ethics methods MeSH
- Perinatal Death * MeSH
- Mortuary Practice ethics methods organization & administration MeSH
- Prenatal Diagnosis ethics MeSH
- Decision Making ethics MeSH
- Parental Consent ethics psychology MeSH
- Pregnancy ethics MeSH
- Pregnancy Outcome psychology MeSH
- Bereavement MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Pregnancy ethics MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Although scientists agree that replications are critical to the debate on the validity of religious priming research, religious priming replications are scarce. This paper attempts to replicate and extend previously observed effects of religious priming on ethical behavior. We test the effect of religious instrumental music on individuals' ethical behavior with university participants (N = 408) in the Czech Republic, Japan, and the US. Participants were randomly assigned to listen to one of three musical tracks (religious, secular, or white noise) or to no music (control) for the duration of a decision-making game. Participants were asked to indicate which side of a vertically-bisected computer screen contained more dots and, in every trial, indicating that the right side of the screen had more dots earned participants the most money (irrespective of the number of dots). Therefore, participants were able to report dishonestly to earn more money. In agreement with previous research, we did not observe any main effects of condition. However, we were unable to replicate a moderating effect of self-reported religiosity on the effects of religious music on ethical behavior. Nevertheless, further analyses revealed moderating effects for ritual participation and declared religious affiliation congruent with the musical prime. That is, participants affiliated with a religious organization and taking part in rituals cheated significantly less than their peers when listening to religious music. We also observed significant differences in cheating behavior across samples. On average, US participants cheated the most and Czech participants cheated the least. We conclude that normative conduct is, in part, learned through active membership in religious communities and our findings provide further support for religious music as a subtle, moral cue.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Music * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Morals * MeSH
- Religion * MeSH
- Cues MeSH
- Decision Making ethics MeSH
- Cross-Cultural Comparison MeSH
- Video Games ethics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Japan MeSH
- United States MeSH
- MeSH
- Euthanasia * ethics statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Intensive Care Units ethics MeSH
- Critical Illness MeSH
- Quality of Life MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Withholding Treatment ethics statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Critical Care * ethics MeSH
- Terminal Care ethics statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Heart-Assist Devices ethics MeSH
- Decision Making ethics MeSH
- Professional-Family Relations ethics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Pain psychology MeSH
- Euthanasia * ethics legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Human Rights ethics legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Personal Autonomy MeSH
- Terminal Care ethics legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Right to Die ethics legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Decision Making ethics MeSH
- Terminally Ill psychology MeSH
- Medical Futility MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Adalimumab administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Treatment Adherence and Compliance psychology MeSH
- Antirheumatic Agents administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Congresses as Topic MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Patient Preference psychology MeSH
- Patient Acceptance of Health Care psychology MeSH
- Patient Care * methods trends MeSH
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid * history drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Decision Making * ethics drug effects MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Patient Participation methods psychology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Thinking ethics MeSH
- Problem Solving ethics MeSH
- Decision Making * ethics MeSH
- Psychology, Social ethics standards MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Newspaper Article MeSH
