• MeSH
• Dehydration * diagnosis   etiology   drug therapy   classification   MeSH
• Organism Hydration Status MeSH
• Drinking physiology   MeSH
• Water-Electrolyte Imbalance diagnosis   classification   physiopathology   MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Dehydration classification   prevention & control   MeSH
• Drinking MeSH
• Health Workforce MeSH
• Healthy Lifestyle MeSH

• MeSH
• Travel-Related Illness * MeSH
• Dehydration classification   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Diarrhea diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Dehydration classification   pathology   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Feces MeSH
• Gastroenteritis diagnosis   drug therapy   complications   therapy   MeSH
• Hospitalization MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Diarrhea * diagnosis   etiology   drug therapy   pathology   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH

Dehydratace je jedním z velmi častých patologických stavů v pediatrii způsobených nejen infekčními gastroenterokolitidami. Novorozenci, kojenci a batolata jsou nejrizikovější skupinou ke vzniku dehydratace, pro jejich největší poměrné zastoupení vody v těle, tím i zvýšenou potřebu příjmu tekutin, rychlost vzniku dehydratace, omezené kompenzační mechanizmy i horší compliance. Klinické příznaky můžou být pro rodiče zejména u nejmenších dětí nepoznané nebo podceňované. Připomenutí bazálních informací o patofyziologii, klinickém obrazu i laboratorních nálezech je doplněno doporučeným postupem, jak správně zahajovat a vést perorální i parenterální rehydrataci. Včasné rozpoznání dehydratace a její adekvátní kompenzace je pro každého pediatra esenciální znalostí.

Dehydration is one of the most common pathological conditions in pediatrics not only in infectious gastroenterocolitis. Newborns,infants and toddlers are the most risk group for dehydration, for their highest proportion of body water, increased fluidintake, dehydration speed, limited compensation mechanisms, and worse compliance. Clinical symptoms may be unrecognizedor underestimated for parents, especially in young children. Reminders of basal information on pathophysiology, clinical pictureand laboratory findings are complemented by the recommended procedure to properly initiate and lead oral and parenteralrehydration. Early recognition of dehydration and its adequate compensation is essential for every pediatrician.

• MeSH
• Dehydration * diagnosis   etiology   classification   physiopathology   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Gastroenteritis etiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Fluid Therapy methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Aim: The aim ofthe study consisted in content validation of the defining characteristics, and related factors of the nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume[Dehydration] (00027), from the perspective of neonatal nurses. Design:Content validation study. Methods: The defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume[Dehydration] (00027) were evaluated with the help of the Fehring Diagnostic Content Validity Model.The set consisted of 125 experts/nurses. The significance of the defining characteristics was rated by the nurses on a Likert scale from 1 to 5. Data collection was carried out from March to September 2016. Results:seven characteristics from 32 were designated primary defining characteristics by the experts: decreased urine output, sunken fontanelle, change in skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, increased urine concentration, elevated haematocrit, and general appearance of exhaustion. 25characteristics were designated secondary defining characteristics;12 of which were characteristics from NANDA–I.Items such as: constipation, decreased pulse volume, cramps, absence of tears, and abdominal distension achieved a weighted score under 0.50. All from the group ofrelated factors were defined as secondary by the experts. Conclusion:Theset of experts regarded the primary significant characteristics for the determination of the nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume[Dehydration] in newborns to consist inseven defining characteristics. All related factors were regarded to be secondary.

• Keywords
• Fehring Diagnostic Content Validity Model,
• MeSH
• Dehydration diagnosis   classification   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nurses, Neonatal * MeSH
• Nursing Diagnosis * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Neonatal Nursing methods   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Validation Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Průjem a zvracení jsou velmi časté symptomy, se kterými se setkáváme u dětí. Obvykle mají gastrointestinální původ a infekční podklad, ale mohou mít také řadu dalších příčin, které jsou u dětí specifické, ale méně obvyklé než u dospělých. Základem léčby nekomplikovaného průjmu a zvracení je zajištění rehydratace a následné realimentace. Z volně prodejných léčiv můžeme doporučit adsorbencia, probiotika, u starších dětí střevní dezinficiencia a ve zvláštních případech i symptomaticky působící analogy opioidů. Lékaře kontaktujeme vždy, pokud se společně s průjmem a zvracením vyskytuje neklesající horečka, bolest hlavy, krev ve stolici, bolesti břicha, nebo se stav náhle zhorší.

Diarrhoea and vomiting are very frequent symptoms, which we may meet in children. Usually, they are caused by gastrointestinal disorders and have infectional base but they can have many other causes, which are in children specific but less common than in the adults. The base of the therapy of the non-complicated diarrhoea and vomiting is securing of rehydration and following realimentation. From the non-prescription drugs, we can recommend the intestinal adsorbents and probiotics, in older children intestinal disinfectants and in especial cases the analogues of opioids with symptomatic effects as well. Always we get on to the physician, if in association with the diarrhoea and vomiting there is a not-decreasing fever, headache, blood in the stool, abdominal pain or if the state get suddenly worse.

• Keywords
• adsorbencia,
• MeSH
• Dehydration classification   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Nonprescription Drugs MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Probiotics therapeutic use   MeSH
• Diarrhea * etiology   drug therapy   chemically induced   MeSH
• Self Medication MeSH
• Fluid Therapy MeSH
• Vomiting * etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Dehydration * diagnosis   etiology   classification   complications   therapy   MeSH
• Diuretics adverse effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Morbidity MeSH
• Potassium Deficiency diagnosis   therapy   MeSH
• Magnesium Deficiency diagnosis   therapy   MeSH
• Osmolar Concentration MeSH
• Parenteral Nutrition MeSH
• Drinking MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• MeSH
• Anesthesia and Analgesia * methods   standards   MeSH
• Anesthesia methods   standards   MeSH
• Dehydration classification   prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• Cats MeSH
• Pain Management methods   MeSH
• Monitoring, Intraoperative methods   MeSH
• Postoperative Care methods   MeSH
• Premedication methods   MeSH
• First Aid * methods   MeSH
• Dogs MeSH
• Renal Insufficiency diagnosis   surgery   therapy   MeSH
• Urogenital System injuries   MeSH
• Urologic Diseases * diagnosis   surgery   therapy   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Cats MeSH
• Dogs MeSH
• Animals MeSH

Průjmová onemocnění vyvolaná viry mají závažný průběh především u kojenců a dětí do 5 let věku. Mohou však být příčinou lokálních epidemií také u seniorů v uzavřených kolektivech. Hlavní komplikací je dehydratace různého stupně s odpovídajícími důsledky. Nejčastějším etiologickým agens jsou rotaviry a noroviry. Léčba je u všech virových gastroenteritid pouze symptomatická, prevence nespecifická. Před rotavirovou infekcí je možné chránit kojence perorální vakcínou.

Diarrheal diseases caused by viral agents have severe course especially in infants and children less than 5 years of age. Viral gastroenteritis may be also the cause of local outbreaks in home care facilities for seniors. The most important complication of viral gastroenteritis is dehydration with different seriousness. The most common etiological agent is rotavirus and norovirus. The therapy is only symptomatic and prevention non-specific. Infants can be protected by vaccine given orally.

• Keywords
• prevence, vakcína,
• MeSH
• Caliciviridae pathogenicity   MeSH
• Dehydration classification   complications   prevention & control   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Gastroenteritis * epidemiology   classification   prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• Caliciviridae Infections diagnosis   etiology   transmission   therapy   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Norovirus MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Signs and Symptoms, Digestive MeSH
• Diarrhea diagnosis   etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Rehydration Solutions MeSH
• Rotavirus Infections etiology   pathology   prevention & control   transmission   MeSH
• Rotavirus MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH