Akutní virové gastroenteritidy (GE) jsou celosvětově a také v České republice (ČR) závažným problémem, zejména u dětí. V článku jsou popsány základní epidemiologické charakteristiky těchto onemocnění v ČR v letech 2018–2022, stručně je zmíněn jejich klinický obraz, diagnostika, léčba a prevence. Celkem bylo v uvedeném období v elektronickém Informačním systému infekční nemoci (ISIN) hlášeno 43 720 virových gastroenteritid (dg. A08), z čehož 22267 (51 %) bylo rotavirových (RGE), 13634 (31 %) norovirových (NGE) a 5447 (12,5 %) adenovirových (AGE). Průměrná roční incidence u RGE byla 42/100 000, u NGE 25,7/100 000 a u AGE dosahovala 10,3/100 000 obyvatel. Muži byli zastoupeni mezi nemocnými u RGE v 48,8 %, u NGE v 44,3 %, a u AGE v 53 %. Onemocnění se vyskytovala celoročně. Hospitalizováno bylo 70,6 % osob u RGE, 50,3 % osob u NGE a 55,7 % osob u AGE. Nejvyšší věkově specifická incidence byla u RGE, NGE i AGE zjištěna u kojenců a ve věkové skupině 1–4 roky. Většina případů GE byla hlášena jako sporadické případy. Celkem bylo hlášeno 114 epidemií/klastrů s dg. A08, nejvyšší počet případů v epidemii byl 245. Z celkového počtu případů bylo 11,9 % hlášeno v rámci epidemie/klastru, u RGE to bylo 2,6 % případů, u NGE 33 %, u AGE nebyla v uvedeném období epidemie zaznamenána. V průběhu pandemie covid-19 byl zaznamenán pokles výskytu uvedených onemocnění. Prevence virových střevních nákaz je nespecifická, založená na dodržování správné hygienické praxe. Proti RGE je v ČR od roku 2008 doporučeno očkování.

Acute viral gastroenteritis (GE) is a serious problem worldwide and also in the Czech Republic, especially in children. The article describes the basic epidemiological characteristics of these diseases in the Czech Republic in 2018-2022, briefly mentions their clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. A total of 43,720 cases of viral gastroenteritis (dg. A08) were reported in the electronic Infectious Disease Information System (ISIN) during the period, of which 22,267 (51%) were caused by rotaviruses (RGE), 13,634 (31%) by noroviruses (NGE) and 5,447 (12.5%) by adenoviruses (AGE). The average annual incidence rate was 42/100,000 for RGE, 25.7/100,000 for NGE and 10.3/100,000 for AGE. Among the patients, in RGE males represented 48.8%, 44.3% in NGE, and 53% in AGE. The diseases occurred year-round. Hospitalization rates were 70.6% for RGE, 50.3% for NGE and 55.7% for AGE. The highest age-specific incidence rates for RGE, NGE and AGE were found in infants and in the age group 1-4 years'. Most of the GE cases were reported as sporadic cases. A total of 114 epidemics/clusters were reported with dg. A08, the highest number of cases in an epidemic was 245. Of the total number of cases, 11.9% were reported in epidemic/cluster, of RGE 2.6% were clusters, of NGE 33% and no epidemic was reported in AGE during this period. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a decrease in the incidence of these diseases was observed. Prevention of viral enteric infections is non-specific, based on adherence to good hygiene practices. Vaccination against RGE has been recommended in the Czech Republic since 2008.

• MeSH
• Gastroenteritis * epidemiology   etiology   classification   MeSH
• Disease Notification MeSH
• Inpatients statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Virus Diseases * epidemiology   etiology   classification   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• News MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage   classification   MeSH
• Bacterial Infections diagnosis   drug therapy   classification   MeSH
• Typhoid Fever diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Exanthema etiology   MeSH
• Gastroenteritis diagnosis   classification   therapy   MeSH
• Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral classification   MeSH
• Hepatitis A diagnosis   transmission   therapy   MeSH
• Varicella Zoster Virus Infection diagnosis   drug therapy   complications   MeSH
• Communicable Diseases * diagnosis   drug therapy   classification   complications   physiopathology   transmission   MeSH
• Encephalitis, Tick-Borne diagnosis   physiopathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lyme Disease diagnosis   drug therapy   pathology   transmission   MeSH
• Meningoencephalitis diagnosis   etiology   classification   cerebrospinal fluid   transmission   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Parasitic Diseases classification   MeSH
• Whooping Cough diagnosis   MeSH
• Syphilis physiopathology   MeSH
• Virus Diseases diagnosis   drug therapy   classification   complications   MeSH
• Rabies diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Gastroenteritis etiology   drug therapy   classification   pathology   therapy   MeSH
• Intussusception etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Diarrhea * etiology   drug therapy   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Bacterial Infections epidemiology   etiology   classification   transmission   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Gastroenteritis * diagnostic imaging   epidemiology   etiology   classification   pathology   therapy   MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Agents classification   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Diarrhea epidemiology   etiology   classification   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage   classification   MeSH
• Bacterial Infections diagnosis   drug therapy   classification   MeSH
• Typhoid Fever diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Exanthema etiology   MeSH
• Gastroenteritis diagnosis   classification   therapy   MeSH
• Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral classification   MeSH
• Hepatitis A diagnosis   transmission   therapy   MeSH
• Varicella Zoster Virus Infection diagnosis   drug therapy   complications   MeSH
• Communicable Diseases * diagnosis   drug therapy   classification   complications   physiopathology   transmission   MeSH
• Encephalitis, Tick-Borne diagnosis   physiopathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lyme Disease diagnosis   drug therapy   pathology   transmission   MeSH
• Meningoencephalitis diagnosis   etiology   classification   cerebrospinal fluid   transmission   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Parasitic Diseases classification   MeSH
• Whooping Cough diagnosis   MeSH
• Syphilis physiopathology   MeSH
• Virus Diseases diagnosis   drug therapy   classification   complications   MeSH
• Rabies diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Gastroenteritis epidemiology   classification   microbiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Foodborne Diseases epidemiology   microbiology   MeSH
• Staphylococcal Food Poisoning * diagnosis   epidemiology   transmission   MeSH
• Disease Reservoirs classification   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Průjmová onemocnění vyvolaná viry mají závažný průběh především u kojenců a dětí do 5 let věku. Mohou však být příčinou lokálních epidemií také u seniorů v uzavřených kolektivech. Hlavní komplikací je dehydratace různého stupně s odpovídajícími důsledky. Nejčastějším etiologickým agens jsou rotaviry a noroviry. Léčba je u všech virových gastroenteritid pouze symptomatická, prevence nespecifická. Před rotavirovou infekcí je možné chránit kojence perorální vakcínou.

Diarrheal diseases caused by viral agents have severe course especially in infants and children less than 5 years of age. Viral gastroenteritis may be also the cause of local outbreaks in home care facilities for seniors. The most important complication of viral gastroenteritis is dehydration with different seriousness. The most common etiological agent is rotavirus and norovirus. The therapy is only symptomatic and prevention non-specific. Infants can be protected by vaccine given orally.

• Keywords
• prevence, vakcína,
• MeSH
• Caliciviridae pathogenicity   MeSH
• Dehydration classification   complications   prevention & control   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Gastroenteritis * epidemiology   classification   prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• Caliciviridae Infections diagnosis   etiology   transmission   therapy   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Norovirus MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Signs and Symptoms, Digestive MeSH
• Diarrhea diagnosis   etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Rehydration Solutions MeSH
• Rotavirus Infections etiology   pathology   prevention & control   transmission   MeSH
• Rotavirus MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Tigecyklin je glycylcyklinové antibiotikum. Spektrum účinku zahrnuje multirezistentní bakterie, včetně MRSA (meticilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus) a enterobakterií tvořících širokospektrou beta-laktamázu (ESBL, extended spectrum beta-lactamase). Je indikováno u komplikovaných infekcí kůže a měkkých tkání s vyloučením infekcí diabetické nohy a u komplikovaných nitrobřišních infekcích. U pacientů v intenzivní péči jsou zkušenosti s jeho použitím omezené. V článku uvádíme naše zkušenosti s použitím tohoto antibiotika u dvou pacientů hospitalizovaných na jednotce intenzivní péče (JIP) pro infekci způsobenou multirezistentními kmeny Stophylococcus oureus, Enterococcus faecium a Escherichia coli.

• Keywords
• MRSA, ESBL rezistence, pacienti v intenzivní péči,
• MeSH
• Empyema diagnosis   drug therapy   surgery   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium pathogenicity   MeSH
• Sarcoma, Ewing surgery   complications   MeSH
• Gastroenteritis diagnosis   drug therapy   classification   MeSH
• Inpatients MeSH
• Surgical Wound Infection drug therapy   complications   MeSH
• Escherichia coli Infections drug therapy   MeSH
• Drug Therapy, Combination MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity   MeSH
• Minocycline analogs & derivatives   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Foot Diseases surgery   complications   MeSH
• Gallbladder Diseases MeSH
• Critical Care methods   MeSH
• Postoperative Complications drug therapy   MeSH
• Shock, Septic MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• Keywords
• perorální rehydratační roztoky, realimentace,
• MeSH
• Adenoviridae Infections diagnosis   etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Acute Disease MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Dehydration diagnosis   complications   therapy   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Gastroenteritis diagnosis   classification   therapy   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Norovirus isolation & purification   MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Nutrition Therapy methods   utilization   MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Rotavirus Infections diagnosis   etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Salmonella Infections diagnosis   etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Fluid Therapy methods   utilization   MeSH
• Thiorphan analogs & derivatives   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Rotavirus Vaccines therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH

• MeSH
• Gastroenteritis epidemiology   classification   MeSH
• Hepatitis epidemiology   classification   MeSH
• Disease Notification statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Borrelia Infections epidemiology   MeSH
• Communicable Diseases epidemiology   MeSH
• Encephalitis, Tick-Borne epidemiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Meningitis epidemiology   classification   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH