BACKGROUND: Stress and negative mood in pregnancy have been linked to less favorable birth outcomes, but the mechanisms underlying this effect remain largely unknown. We examined associations between emotions in pregnancy, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, MCP-1, MIP-1β, TNF-α) and birth outcomes (gestational age at birth and birth weight) in a low-risk sample. METHODS: At each trimester of pregnancy, participants (N = 74) completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Perceived Stress Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. They provided blood samples in the third trimester. Multivariate regression with a reduction of dimensionality (orthogonal projection to latent structures) was used to assess associations between maternal emotions, cytokine levels, and birth outcomes. RESULTS: We found significant positive associations between negative mood (depressive symptoms in the second and third trimesters and negative affect in the third trimester) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels, and negative associations between maternal distress in the second and third trimesters and pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios (IFN-γ/IL-10, TNF-α/IL-10 and IL-6/IL-10). Higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-17, and TNF-α were associated with younger gestational age at birth and lower birth weight. LIMITATIONS: We did not control for relevant factors such as social support, health-related behaviors, or cortisol levels. CONCLUSIONS: Negative mood in mid- and late pregnancy may shift cytokine balance toward the anti-inflammatory cytokine dominance. Our results provide further evidence for the negative association between pro-inflammatory cytokines in late pregnancy and gestational age at birth/birth weight, which we observed even in a low-risk population.

• MeSH
• afekt fyziologie   MeSH
• cytokiny * krev   MeSH
• deprese krev   psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gestační stáří MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• porodní hmotnost MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• psychický stres krev   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• třetí trimestr těhotenství krev   MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses confirm increased circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in depression. Longitudinal studies have linked one-off measurements of CRP at baseline with increased risk of developing depressive symptoms subsequently at follow-up, but studies with repeat CRP measures from the same individuals are scarce. METHODS: We have examined whether longitudinal patterns of inflammation, based on three CRP measurements from childhood to early-adulthood, are associated with the risk of depression in early-adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a prospective birth cohort. RESULTS: Using Gaussian mixture modelling of available CRP data from age 9, 15 and 18 years, we identified four population clusters/sub-groups reflecting different longitudinal patterns of CRP: persistently low (N=463, 29.5%); persistently high (N=371, 24%); decreasing (N=360, 23%); increasing (N=367, 23.5%). The increasing group showed a steep increase in CRP levels between adolescence and early-adulthood. Participants in this group had a higher risk of moderate/severe depression at age 18 years, compared with those with persistently low CRP; adjusted odds ratio (OR)=3.78 (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.46-9.81; p=0.006). The odds of moderate/severe depression were also increased for the persistently high CRP group, but this was not statistically significant; OR=2.54 (95% CI, 0.90-7.16). LIMITATIONS: Repeat CRP measures were available for a subset, who may not be representative of all cohort participants. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that an increasing pattern of inflammation from adolescence to early-adulthood is associated with risk of depression in early-adulthood.

• MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein metabolismus   MeSH
• deprese krev   epidemiologie   MeSH
• depresivní poruchy krev   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

BACKGROUND: Low-grade inflammation is associated with depression, but studies of specific symptoms are relatively scarce. Association between inflammatory markers and specific symptoms may provide insights into potential mechanism of inflammation-related depression. Using longitudinal data, we have tested whether childhood serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with specific depressive symptoms in early adulthood. METHODS: In the ALSPAC birth cohort, serum IL-6 and CRP levels were assessed at age 9 years and 19 depressive symptoms were assessed at age 18 years. We used modified Poisson generalised linear regression with robust error variance to estimate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each depressive symptom. In addition, we used confirmatory factor analysis to create two continuous latent variables representing somatic/neurovegetative and psychological dimension scores. Structural equation modelling was used to test the associations between IL-6 and these dimension scores. RESULTS: Based on data from 2731 participants, IL-6 was associated with diurnal mood variation, concentration difficulties, fatigue and sleep disturbances. The adjusted RRs for these symptoms at age 18 years for participants in top, compared with bottom, third of IL-6 at age 9 years were 1.75 (95% CI, 1.13-2.69) for diurnal mood variation, 1.50 (95% CI, 1.11-2.02) for concentration difficulties, 1.31 (95% CI, 1.12-1.54) for fatigue, and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.01-1.52) for sleep disturbances. At dimension level, IL-6 was associated with both somatic/neurovegetative (β = 0.059, SE = 0.024, P = 0.013) and psychological (β = 0.056, SE = 0.023, P = 0.016) scores. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation is associated with specific symptoms of depression. Associations with so-called somatic/neurovegetative symptoms of depression such as fatigue, sleep disturbances and diurnal mood variation indicate that these symptoms could be useful treatment targets and markers of treatment response in clinical trials of anti-inflammatory treatment for depression.

• MeSH
• antiflogistika MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• deprese krev   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• depresivní poruchy imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• interleukin-6 analýza   krev   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• únava MeSH
• zánět imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Anglie MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The evaluation of plasma levels of antidepressants may improve the treatment outcome. The aim was to verify adherence and adequacy of administered doses of antidepressants among patients hospitalized for inadequate outpatient therapeutic response. METHODS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or venlafaxine plasma levels were assessed on the first day of hospitalization and after 3 days of controlled administration. The patients were considered adherent if the plasma level on admission was within the interval of the minimum and maximum plasma level on the fourth day, expanded by 30%. The adequacy of antidepressant doses used during the outpatient treatment was assessed by comparing the plasma level on the fourth day with the therapeutic reference range. RESULTS: Out of 83 patients, 52 (62.7%) were adherent. The plasma levels of antidepressants on the fourth day were found to be within the therapeutic reference range in 35 (43.2%) patients. The same number manifested levels below the therapeutic reference range. In 11 (13.6%) patients, the levels were higher than recommended. No significant difference in rate of adherence was found among individual antidepressants. CONCLUSION: The results show that antidepressant nonresponders are frequently under-dosed or nonadherent.

• MeSH
• adherence pacienta psychologie   MeSH
• antidepresiva krev   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• deprese * krev   farmakoterapie   psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• monitorování léčiv metody   MeSH
• pacienti ambulantní MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Anxiety and mood disorders (AMD) are the most frequent mental disorders in the human population. They have recently shown increasing prevalence, and commonly disrupt personal and working lives. The aim of our study was to analyze the spectrum of circulating steroids in order to discover differences that could potentially be markers of affective depression or anxiety, and identify which steroids could be a predictive component for these diseases. METHODS: We studied the steroid metabolome including 47 analytes in 20 men with depression (group D), 20 men with anxiety (group AN) and 30 healthy controls. OPLS and multivariate regression models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Discrimination of group D from controls by the OPLS method was absolute, as was group AN from controls (sensitivity=1.000 (0.839, 1.000), specificity=1.000 (0.887, 1.000)). Relatively good predictivity was also found for discrimination between group D from AN (sensitivity=0.850 (0.640, 0.948), specificity=0.900 (0.699, 0.972)). CONCLUSION: Selected circulating steroids, including those that are neuroactive and neuroprotective, can be useful tools for discriminating between these affective diseases in adult men.

• MeSH
• dehydroepiandrosteron krev   MeSH
• deprese krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• poruchy nálady krev   diagnóza   MeSH
• pregnanolon krev   MeSH
• radioimunoanalýza MeSH
• steroidy krev   MeSH
• úzkost krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Vitamine D (VD) has important functions in the human brain and may play a role in affective-related disorders. VD receptors are expressed in multiple brain regions associated with depressive disorders. The aim of the preclinical study was to examine the effects of chronic cholecalciferol administration (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0mg/kg/day,s.c., once daily, for 14days) on the depression-like behavior and corticosterone levels in the blood samples following ovariectomy in female rats. Cholecalciferol was administered to the ovariectomized (OVX) rats and OVX rats treated with 17β-estradiol (17β-E2, 0.5μg/rat,s.c., once daily, for 14days). Depression-like behavior and spontaneous locomotor activity were assessed in the forced swimming test (FST) and the open field test (OFT), respectively. The corticosterone levels in the blood serum before and after FST were measured in all experimental groups. Treatment with cholecalciferol in high dose (5.0mg/kg/day,s.c.) significantly decreased the immobility time of OVX rats in the FST. Co-administration of cholecalciferol in high dose with 17β-E2 exerted a markedly synergistic antidepressant-like effect in the OVX rats on the same model of depression-like behavior testing. Cholecalciferol in high dose (5.0mg/kg/day,s.c.) administered alone or together with 17β-E2 significantly enhanced frequency of grooming for the OVX rats in the OFT. Moreover, cholecalciferol in high dose administered alone or together with 17β-E2 significantly decreased the elevated corticosterone levels in the blood serum of OVX rats following the FST. These results indicate that Cholecalciferol in high dose has a marked antidepressant-like effect in the adult female rats with low levels of estrogen.

• MeSH
• antidepresiva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cholekalciferol terapeutické užití   MeSH
• deprese krev   farmakoterapie   psychologie   MeSH
• estrogeny krev   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• ovarektomie * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vitamin D terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play critical roles in neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity and memory and participate in the pathophysiology of both depressive disorder and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: This study was designed to determine the association of GSK3β activity, CREB activity and BDNF concentration in peripheral blood of patients with AD with or without depressive symptoms and in depressive patients without AD. GSK3β activity in platelets, CREB activity in lymphocytes and BDNF concentration in plasma, platelet-rich plasma or platelets were measured in 85 AD patients (36 of whom displayed co-morbid depressive symptoms), 65 non-AD patients with depressive disorder and 96 healthy controls. AD patients were clinically assessed for stage of dementia, cognitive impairment and severity of depressive symptoms. Depressive patients were clinically assessed for severity of depression. RESULTS: We observed increased CREB activity and GSK3β activity in AD with depressive symptoms or in AD at mild stage of dementia. Decreased BDNF concentration was found in platelet-rich plasma of AD patients at moderate to severe stages of dementia or in AD without depressive symptoms. An association was revealed of the severity of cognitive impairment with the increase of GSK3β in the platelets of AD patients with mild dementia. In depressive patients, a lower concentration of phosphorylated GSK3β was associated with a higher severity of depression. Association was confirmed between severity of depression, CREB activation, and BDNF concentration in drug-naïve depressive patients. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated that AD is accompanied by increased CREB activity in lymphocytes and a decreased concentration of BDNF in platelet-rich plasma. The decreased BDNF concentration appears to correlate with moderate to severe stages of dementia in AD. Observation of decreased phosphorylation of GSK3β in platelets of both AD patients with depressive symptoms and depressive patients after treatment confirms the role of increased GSK3β activity in the pathophysiology of both AD and depressive disorder. Associations were confirmed between AD and platelet GSK3β activity, lymphocyte CREB activity and plasma BDNF. CREB activity and platelet BDNF concentration seems to be related to depressive disorder.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc krev   komplikace   psychologie   MeSH
• deprese krev   komplikace   psychologie   MeSH
• kinasa 3 glykogensynthasy krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozkový neurotrofický faktor krev   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• protein vázající CREB krev   MeSH
• psychiatrické posuzovací škály MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Recent evidences include mitochondrial dysfunctions in pathophysiology of mood disorders. We examined association between depressive disorders and mitochondrial respiration using both intact and permeabilized blood platelets. In intact platelets, physiological respiration, maximal capacity of electron transport system and respiratory rate after complex I inhibition were decreased in depressive patients, who reached partial remission, compared to healthy controls. Respiratory rates were unchanged in several respiratory states in permeabilized platelets. Results indicate that changes in respiratory rate in intact platelets can be used as biological marker of depressive disorder. The hypothesis that decreased mitochondrial respiratory rate participate in pathophysiology of depression was supported.

• MeSH
• deprese krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondrie fyziologie   MeSH
• oxidativní fosforylace MeSH
• permeabilita buněčné membrány MeSH
• trombocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Cortisol is presumed to be a risk factor for stress- and age-related disorders, such as depressive disorder and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of plasma cortisol concentration with AD in presence or absence of comorbid depressive symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Plasma cortisol concentration was measured in 80 AD patients (35 of them with depressive symptoms), 27 elderly depressive patients without AD, and 37 elderly controls. RESULTS: Compared to controls, a significant increase of mean plasma cortisol was found in AD patients but not in depressive patients. Plasma cortisol was positively correlated with cognitive impairment in AD patients. We confirmed a U-shaped association between plasma cortisol and major depression and a linear association between plasma cortisol and AD without depressive symptoms. Significantly increased relative risk of disease in people with high plasma cortisol was found for AD with depressive symptoms and for AD with mild dementia. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma cortisol reflects the degree of cognitive impairment in AD rather than the severity of comorbid depression. We confirmed that both hypercortisolemia and hypocortisolemia are associated with depressive disorder. Significant association between high plasma cortisol and AD was found, supporting the use of high plasma cortisol as a component of a panel of biochemical markers for AD with depressive symptoms as well as AD in the early stage of dementia development.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc krev   komplikace   MeSH
• demence krev   komplikace   MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• deprese krev   komplikace   MeSH
• hydrokortison krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

There is evidence that neuropathic pain component in low back pain (LBP) patients is associated with higher ratings of comorbidities such as depression and anxiety disorders. In line with current findings, the purpose of this clinical study is to examine a hypothesis regarding a relationship of neuropathic pain component, depression, and other psychopathological symptoms in a specific group of LBP patients with sciatica pain. With respect to findings that depression is related to inflammatory changes, and inflammatory mediators may play a role in neuropathic pain generation, we have assessed also serum C-reactive protein (CRP). Results of the present study show that increased neuropathic pain component in sciatica patients is associated with elevated levels of depression, anxiety, alexithymia, and serum CRP levels. In conclusion, results of this study indicate that CRP levels in sciatica patients are closely associated with neuropathic pain.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein metabolismus   MeSH
• deprese krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ischialgie krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření bolesti metody   MeSH
• neuralgie krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH