Chronic hepatitis C is curable disease. Low detection rate could be one of the reasons of poor treatment uptake. It is important to identify HCV prevalence and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive patients in population by effective screening strategy such as risk-based or birth cohort screening programs. There are no national population-based estimates of the HCV prevalence in the Czech Republic (CZ). The most recent seroprevalence survey determined a prevalence of positive anti-HCV antibodies of 0.2% (in 2001). The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of HCV, HCV viraemia and HCV genotype in the CZ adult population. We also estimated the number of persons living with chronic hepatitis C in CZ. The examined group included 3000 adults, 18-90 years of age enrolled in 2015. All serum samples were examined to determined anti-HCV antibodies positivity, HCV-RNA positivity and genotypes. Of the 3000 samples, 50 were found to be anti-HCV-positive, for a seroprevalence of 1.67% (2.39% in males, 0.98% in females). The overall prevalence of positive HCV RNA was 0.93%: 1.5% in males, 0.39% in females. HCV genotype (GT) 1a was determined in 25%, GT 1b in 25% and GT 3a in 46%. Since 2001, the HCV seroprevalence has increased 8-fold. The highest HCV seroprevalence occurred in males aged 30-44 years. We can estimate that there are more than 140,000 people with HCV antibodies and more than 80,000 people with chronic hepatitis C living in the CZ. The introduction of birth cohort HCV screening could be beneficial for the country.
- MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C epidemiologie imunologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- Hepacivirus genetika imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida C - protilátky krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- plošný screening MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- RNA virová genetika MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- viremie epidemiologie imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
Manifestace diabetes mellitus 1. typu u HIV pacientů je celosvětově raritní komplikací tohoto základního onemocnění. Ve většině případů diabetu asociovaného s HIV se jedná o diabetes mellitus 2. typu. Inzulínová rezistence je v popředí patogenetického mechanismu rozvoje diabetu u těchto nemocných. Doposud bylo rozpoznáno mnoho rizikových faktorů a mnohé jsou stále ve stadiu výzkumu. Především zánětlivý stav podmíněný infekcí, délka trvání HIV infekce, nižší počet CD4+ lymfocytů, vyšší virová nálož, koinfekce virem hepatitidy C (HCV) a zejména léčba proteázovými inhibitory jsou hlavními z nich. Článek přináší kazuistiku pacienta a bližší seznámení s touto problematikou.
Manifestation of the type 1 diabetes mellitus in HIV patients is a rare complication of this underlying disease worldwide. In most cases of the HIV-associated diabetes it is the type 2 diabetes mellitus. The insulin resistance is a prominent factor of pathogenetic mechanism of the diabetes in these patients. Many risk factors have been diagnosed so far and many are still under the research. Firstly, the inflammatory condition caused by the infection, the duration of HIV infection, a decrease in the number of CD4+ lymphocytes, higher viral load, co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and particularly the treatment with protease inhibitor treatment are the major ones. The paper brings a patient’s case report and a closer familiarization with the topic.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu * diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Hepacivirus imunologie patogenita MeSH
- HIV infekce * diagnóza epidemiologie komplikace MeSH
- hyperglykemie farmakoterapie MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfadenitida epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- věk při počátku nemoci * MeSH
- virová nálož imunologie MeSH
- vysoce aktivní antiretrovirová terapie metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Since the 1990s, blood donors have been scanned for anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) antibodies, which can be defined by enzyme immunoassay as a screening test. In this population, false-reactive ratios have been high. Recently, some authors have aimed to find a cutoff value for anti-HCV different from those established by test manufacturers to predict HCV infection. In this study, 321 patients, after two repeating tests, had reactive results in s/co <10 titers on anti-HCV test. The patients were 29.6 % (n = 95) in women and 70.4 % (n = 226) in men. The patients were classified into three groups by Western blot (WB) results (PS, positive; NG, negative; and ID, indeterminate). The average anti-HCV titer of the whole group was 2.61 ± 1.96. Anti-HCV titers of subgroups were 2.43 ± 1.95 in NG, 4.93 ± 2.53 in PS, and 2.50 ± 1.65 in ID (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference between NG and PS and between PS and ID subgroups (p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between WB and anti-HCV titers in all patients (r = 0.298, p < 0.001), in women (r = 0.282, p < 0.001), and in men (r = 0.337, p = 0.002). According to receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff value of anti-HCV titer to predict hepatitis C infection was >2.61 s/co, with 74.1 % sensitivity and 71.6 % specificity (area under the curve, 0.820; 95 % confidence interval, 0.753 to 0.887). We suggest that an effective cutoff value for anti-HCV other than that established by the manufacturer cannot be assigned to predict hepatitis C infection for blood donors in low-prevalence areas.
- MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C diagnóza imunologie MeSH
- Hepacivirus imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida C - protilátky krev MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky metody normy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- western blotting metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
Ways and intensity of vertical transfer HCV have been studied before sorts in 29 lying-in women, positive on HCV-RNA. Among newborns from these mothers in serum of blood of umbilical cord at the moment of birth, HCV-RNA is found in 6.8%. The infection of newborns from HCV-RNA positive mother occurs through a placenta and at the time of delivery.
- MeSH
- biochemická analýza krve MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Hepacivirus imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida - protilátky * krev MeSH
- hepatitida C krev MeSH
- infekční komplikace v těhotenství MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- matka - expozice noxám MeSH
- nemoci novorozenců * krev MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vertikální přenos infekce * MeSH
- virová hepatitida u lidí MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
The study established the frequency of detection of antigens and antibodies to HBV and HCV in mixed-hepatitis B C. The highest rates of detection of serological markers were observed in the identification in the blood the HBV genotype D and HCV genotype 1b. This phenomenon can be explained by the high replicative and antigenic activity of viruses in these genotypes, resulting in a high viral load in blood, compared with HBV genotypes A and C, HCV genotypes 3a and 2a. In this regard, the use of ELISA technique in combination with PCR diagnosis and genotyping of viruses is considered as desirable for the etiological interpretation of viral hepatitis. This approach also will enhance achieving the correct diagnosis and adequate choice of treatment programs
- Klíčová slova
- anti-HBs,
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- chronická hepatitida B * genetika imunologie MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C * genetika imunologie MeSH
- DNA virů MeSH
- ELISA statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- Hepacivirus genetika imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida B - antigeny e genetika imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida B - antigeny jádrové genetika imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida B - antigeny povrchové genetika imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida C - antigeny genetika imunologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin G analýza imunologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin M analýza imunologie MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza patologie MeSH
- jehlová biopsie MeSH
- koinfekce * genetika imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- RNA virová MeSH
- virová nálož statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- virové geny * MeSH
- virus hepatitidy B genetika imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Uzbekistán MeSH
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- Hepacivirus imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida B epidemiologie imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida C - protilátky analýza MeSH
- hepatitida C epidemiologie imunologie MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza epidemiologie imunologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
