Numerous studies have now documented that athletes of different competition levels vary in their motivational styles. Some are internally motivated and train to be better based on intrinsic values, whereas others are controlled by external pressures that drive performance. A third style does not make causal attributions regarding their performance and are amotivated. In the current study, we used latent profile analysis to examine unique typologies of sports motivation in 456 Czech university students comprised of both recreational and more elite athletes participating in various sports and attending a sport education program. Four qualitatively distinct profiles were distinguished varying in the composition of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation. The four profiles differed in their mean levels of social physique anxiety, global self-esteem, and physical self-worth, three markers of how a person feels about themselves in terms of normative standards. Multiple group comparisons based on gender, individual versus team sports, and level of competition reinforced relative consistency in profile composition. Results are discussed in terms of how people can blend different motivational styles, what this portends for self-beliefs, and whether there is relative consistency across meaningful groups.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- motivace * MeSH
- představa o vlastním těle MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- sebepojetí MeSH
- sportovci * psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- sporty * psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- studenti * psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- univerzity statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Cíl: Schizofrenie je velmi závažné a obtížně léčitelné duševní onemocnění, ale je zároveň i nejvíce stigmatizující psychickou poruchou ve společnosti, o níž zde koluje řada mýtů. Stigmatizace schizofrenie je důležitý celospolečenský problém, jenž výrazně snižuje kvalitu života nemocných. Cílem tohoto výzkumu bylo zmapovat míru souhlasu s mýty o schizofrenii mezi vysokoškolskými studenty a také zjistit, zda mezi nimi existují rozdíly v závislosti na pohlaví, studijním oboru a zdrojích informací o této nemoci. Materiál a metoda: Výzkum byl proveden kvantitativně na souboru 1 429 vysokoškolských studentů nejčastěji ve věku 2030 let s převahou žen (71,7 %). Respondenti vyplňovali online inventář obsahující 15 vybraných mýtů o schizofrenii. Na pětistupňové škále ("naprosto nesouhlasím", "spíše nesouhlasím", "nevím", "spíše souhlasím", "naprosto souhlasím") odpovídali, do jaké míry s danými tvrzeními souhlasí. Data byla zpracována pomocí neparametrických testů Mannův-Whitneyho U-test a Kruskalův-Wallisův test. K prozkoumání vztahů mezi položkami byla dále provedena faktorová analýza pomocí metody analýzy hlavních komponent. Výsledky: Se sedmi z patnácti mýtů studenti souhlasili v relativně vysoké míře, ackoliv odpovědi nenabývaly extrémních hodnot. Mýtem, se kterým respondenti souhlasili nejvíce, byl Schizofrenie je neléčitelná. Dále se jednalo o položky: Schizofrenie znamená současný výskyt více osobností u jednoho člověka., Pravděpodobnost vzniku schizofrenie je během celého života stejná. a Lidé trpící schizofrenií jsou agresivní, násilní a páchají trestné činy. V míře souhlasu s konkrétními položkami byly nalezeny jisté rozdíly v závislosti na pohlaví, studijním oboru a zdrojích informací o schizofrenii. Výsledky ukázaly, že mýtům nejvíce podléhají muži a studenti technickovědních oborů. Naopak studenti s osobní zkušeností s člověkem trpícím schizofrenií souhlasili s mýty v menší míře. Faktorová analýza mezi daty neodhalila žádné latentní proměnné, jež by vysvětlovaly vztahy mezi proměnnými původními. Závěr: Tento výzkum poukazuje na potřebu edukace veřejnosti o problematice schizofrenie a bourání mýtů, jež o této nemoci ve společnosti stále kolují. Výsledky výzkumu mohou posloužit vzniku destigmatizačních programů, které by měly zaměřit pozornost především na muže, studenty technickovědních oborů a podporovat získávání osobních zkušeností s lidmi trpícími schizofrenií.
Objective: Not only is schizophrenia a mental illness which is very serious and very difficult to manage, but it is also the most stigmatised mental disorder in society and is surrounded by many myths. Schizophrenia stigmatisation is an important societal problem that significantly reduces the patients ́ life quality. This research aimed to map the degree of agreement with myths about schizophrenia among university students and examine the influences of gender, the field of study and sources of information about the disorder. Method: The research was carried out quantitatively on a group of 1,429 university students, mostly aged 20-30, with majority of women (71.7%). Respondents completed an online inventory containing 15 selected myths about schizophrenia. On a five-point scale ("strongly disagree", "somewhat disagree", "don ́t know", "somewhat agree", "strongly agree") they answered to what extent they agreed with the given statements. Data were processed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test. In order to explore the relationships between the items, a factor analysis was conducted using the method of principal component analysis. Results: Students agreed with seven out of fifteen myths to a relatively high degree, although the answers did not reach extreme values. The myth with which the respondents agreed the most is Schizophrenia is incurable. Other items were Schizophrenia means the simultaneous occurrence of multiple personalities in one person., The probability of developing schizophrenia is the same throughout life. and People suffering from schizophrenia are aggressive, violent and commit crimes. Certain differences were found in the degree of agreement with specific items depending on gender, the field of study and sources of information about schizophrenia. The results showed that men and students of technical sciences agreed with myths the most. Conversely, students with personal experience with a person suffering from schizophrenia agreed with the myths to a lesser extent. Factor analysis did not reveal any latent variables among the data that would explain the relationships between the original variables. Conclusion: This research points to the need for educating the public about the issue of schizophrenia and dispelling the myths that this illness is still surrounded by in society. The results can benefit new destigmatization programs, which should be focused mainly on men, students of technical sciences and should support gaining personal experiences with people suffering from schizophrenia.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- postoj MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- schizofrenie * MeSH
- společenské stigma MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- studenti * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- univerzity statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- znalosti MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
BACKGROUND: Increased physical activity levels and their determinations are essential issues worldwide. The Longitudinal Study of Physical Activity Determinants (ELDAF) aims to understand the roles of psychosocial and environmental factors in workers' physical activity levels. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of non-faculty civil servants from a public university (approximately 1,200 individuals) will start in 2022 (baseline). The primary measurements will be accelerometer- and questionnaire-based physical activity, social support, social network, socioeconomic status, bereavement, job stress, body image, common mental disorders, depression, and neighborhood satisfaction. Additional measurements will include necessary sociodemographic, physical morbidity, lifestyle and anthropometric information. Participants' places of residence will be geocoded using complete addresses. All participants will furnish written, informed consent before the beginning of the study. Pilot studies were performed to identify and correct potential problems in the data collection instruments and procedures. ELDAF will be the first cohort study conducted in Latin America to investigate physical activity and its determinants.
- MeSH
- cvičení * psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní poruchy epidemiologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- pracovní stres epidemiologie MeSH
- představa o vlastním těle psychologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- společenská třída MeSH
- univerzity organizace a řízení statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- veřejná zařízení statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zaměstnanost * psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Brazílie MeSH
The development of medical informatics goes back to the second half of the twentieth century with the start of the automation of processes. Medical informatics education plays an important role in the education of health care providers and medical providers. Education in medical informatics is not only important for medical students but also for other medical staff at all professional levels of education. Integrating medical Informatics into the full spectrum of medical education is a vital step required for the understanding and practice of modern medicine. There are curricula in the field of medical informatics at many universities in Europe. Great roles in this field had the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) and – the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI). Working groups of IMIA and EFMI defined and recommended concepts and methodologies of education for medical informatics on three levels. Generally in all European countries medical education at universities is organized on the basis of the Bologna concept, which has improved the quality of teaching process in plenty matters, but it has brought a big number of highly educated staff, that are younger than average, but also have average level of knowledge. Basically, the Bologna system has brought averageness we tried to escape from. With the introduction of the Bologna process in Bosnia and Herzegovina and other countries, a new process is being introduced which introduces a new curriculum, a greater number of subjects, a complemented systematization of knowledge and the need to correct past attitudes. Since the curriculum of medical informatics varies between countries and universities and faculties in the country, it is necessary to take steps towards the unification of the curriculum at the international level. Aim of the article is to show the status of medical informatics education in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Europe.
- Klíčová slova
- Boloňský proces,
- MeSH
- distanční studium metody MeSH
- kurikulum MeSH
- lékařská informatika * metody organizace a řízení trendy výchova MeSH
- univerzity statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- vzdělávání odborné metody normy organizace a řízení trendy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Bosna a Hercegovina MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- příprava učitelů statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychosomatické lékařství * statistika a číselné údaje výchova MeSH
- studium lékařství pregraduální statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- studium ošetřovatelství statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- univerzity statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
50 stran : ilustrace ; 30 cm
Publikace se zabývá především situací absolventů bezprostředně po ukončení střední školy.
- MeSH
- školy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- univerzity statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- výchova a vzdělávání statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Konspekt
- Střední školy
- NLK Obory
- sociologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- výzkumné zprávy
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the extent to which romantic relationship status influences condom use during vaginal, oral and anal sex among students from 12 universities in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania and Slovakia. METHODS: A pilot study of 880 students from the ongoing Student Life Cohort in Europe (SLiCE) study. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to establish the effect of romantic relationship status on condom use during vaginal, anal and oral sex in the previous 30 days, while adjusting for participants' age, gender, use of alcohol and other drugs prior to sex, condom-carrying practices and number of sexual partners. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 73.7% were currently engaged in a romantic relationship and their condom use during vaginal sex (p < 0.001), oral sex (p < 0.001) and anal sex (p = 0.003) was significantly associated with their romantic relationship status. Students who were not in a romantic relationship had the lowest odds of condom use. Use of alcohol or other drugs before sex was detrimental to condom use (odds ratio 0.5; p = 0.045) during vaginal sex. Condom use during vaginal and oral sex was lower among older students. CONCLUSION: The need to target university students with more pragmatic sexual health risk reduction interventions that accommodate the role of romantic relationships on behavioural choices is justified.
- MeSH
- antikoncepční chování statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- bezpečný sex statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- kondomy využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- odds ratio MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- pití alkoholu MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sexuální chování statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- sexuální partneři psychologie MeSH
- studenti statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- univerzity statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Litva MeSH
- Maďarsko MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
AIMS: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the socio-demographic, lifestyle and well-being variables that are associated with body image concerns (BIC) and whether these associations differed between female and male students. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey; 3,706 undergraduate students (2,699 females, 765 males) from seven universities in the UK completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic, lifestyle, well-being and BIC based on the Body Shape Questionnaire developed by Cooper et al. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis examined the odds ratios for the association between four increasing levels of BIC as the dependent variables (no BIC, mild BIC, moderate BIC and marked BIC) on the one hand, and the socio-demographic (gender, age, year at university), lifestyle (physical activity, nutrition) and mental well-being variables (quality of life, perceived stress, perceived health, depressive symptoms) on the other. RESULTS: More females (35%) than males (8%) reported being moderately or markedly concerned with their body image. For both genders, BIC was associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms and to variable extents, with nutrition and year at university. Females' BICs were exclusively associated with low perceived health, higher perceived stress, studies in general as a stressor, and low physical activity. In contrast, males' BIC were found to be exclusively associated with low quality of life and with older age. CONCLUSIONS: Health promoting strategies and activities should address the co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and BIC and should moreover pay attention to the gender-specific correlates of BIC for tailoring evidence based interventions for females and for males.
- MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- deprese epidemiologie MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní zdraví * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- představa o vlastním těle * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- psychický stres epidemiologie MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- studenti psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- univerzity statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zdravé chování MeSH
- zdravotní stav * MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené království MeSH
AIMS: To assess university students' extent of smoking, knowledge of smoking health risks, and awareness of existing national anti-smoking laws. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaire was employed across 7 universities (1,104 students, equal proportions of males and females) located in Gaza Strip, Palestine. RESULTS: About 55% of participants reported ever smoking, 31% were current cigarette smokers, and 36% were 'strictly' (only) narghile (water pipe) smokers. Mean age of smoking initiation was 17 +/- 3.15 years. Smokers had less knowledge of smoking associated health risks than nonsmokers. Students' knowledge of existing anti-smoking laws was generally low (11.3-25.5%), and significantly more smokers had knowledge about existing laws (ban of advertisement of smoking, ban of smoking in public places, and ban of selling cigarettes to minors) than non-smokers. About 81% of current smokers tried to quit smoking at least once during their life, 53% felt ready to quit smoking if cessation assistance was provided, 17% were not ready to quit, and 30% were reluctant/felt unsure if they were ready to quit. Most students (94.3%) reported that there were no smoking cessation centres in Palestine, or did not know if such centres existed. Males were associated with almost all categories of smoking (e.g. smoking both cigarettes and narghile, or smoking narghile only). CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of knowledge about the existing national anti-smoking legislation among university students in Gaza, Palestine. Smoking cessation centres also seem non-existent in Gaza. Multi-level interventions and actions are required by policy makers, educators and non-governmental agencies to prevent smoking among university students in Gaza, and to educate them on tobacco cessation counselling, on the dangers of tobacco use, and about effective stress management strategies to help them to cope with stressors. Smoking cessation interventions are required to address both cigarette and narghile use. Efforts need to be invested in ensuring compliance with legislation and for follow-up activities to enforce the anti-smoking laws through coordinated actions across ministries and departments.
- MeSH
- kouření epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odvykání kouření metody psychologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- rodina MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- studenti MeSH
- tabákové výrobky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- univerzity statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- uvědomování si MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
- znečištění tabákovým kouřem zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Střední východ MeSH