- MeSH
- Bacteria pathogenicity MeSH
- Fungi pathogenicity MeSH
- Immunity MeSH
- Communicable Diseases * immunology complications pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Parasites pathogenicity MeSH
- Virulence MeSH
- Viruses pathogenicity MeSH
- Inflammation immunology pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents classification therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Microbial MeSH
- Bacteria classification pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Fungi classification pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Respiratory Tract Infections * etiology drug therapy microbiology MeSH
- Community-Acquired Infections etiology drug therapy microbiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbiological Techniques classification methods MeSH
- Microbiota * MeSH
- Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia etiology drug therapy microbiology MeSH
- Pneumonia etiology drug therapy microbiology MeSH
- Disease Progression MeSH
- Viruses classification pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Extinction, Biological MeSH
- Host-Pathogen Interactions MeSH
- Host Microbial Interactions MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Viruses pathogenicity MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Popular Work MeSH
Our recent experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of easy-to-use, quick, cheap, sensitive and selective detection of virus pathogens for the efficient monitoring and treatment of virus diseases. Early detection of viruses provides essential information about possible efficient and targeted treatments, prolongs the therapeutic window and hence reduces morbidity. Graphene is a lightweight, chemically stable and conductive material that can be successfully utilized for the detection of various virus strains. The sensitivity and selectivity of graphene can be enhanced by its functionalization or combination with other materials. Introducing suitable functional groups and/or counterparts in the hybrid structure enables tuning of the optical and electrical properties, which is particularly attractive for rapid and easy-to-use virus detection. In this review, we cover all the different types of graphene-based sensors available for virus detection, including, e.g., photoluminescence and colorimetric sensors, and surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Various strategies of electrochemical detection of viruses based on, e.g., DNA hybridization or antigen-antibody interactions, are also discussed. We summarize the current state-of-the-art applications of graphene-based systems for sensing a variety of viruses, e.g., SARS-CoV-2, influenza, dengue fever, hepatitis C virus, HIV, rotavirus and Zika virus. General principles, mechanisms of action, advantages and drawbacks are presented to provide useful information for the further development and construction of advanced virus biosensors. We highlight that the unique and tunable physicochemical properties of graphene-based nanomaterials make them ideal candidates for engineering and miniaturization of biosensors.
- MeSH
- Betacoronavirus genetics isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques * instrumentation methods trends MeSH
- Equipment Design MeSH
- DNA, Viral analysis genetics MeSH
- Electrochemical Techniques MeSH
- Graphite * chemistry MeSH
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques * instrumentation methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Colorimetry MeSH
- Coronavirus Infections diagnosis epidemiology virology MeSH
- Quantum Dots chemistry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Luminescence MeSH
- Nanostructures chemistry MeSH
- Pandemics MeSH
- Surface Plasmon Resonance MeSH
- Spectrum Analysis, Raman MeSH
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions MeSH
- Virology methods MeSH
- Pneumonia, Viral diagnosis epidemiology virology MeSH
- Viruses genetics isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Keywords
- imunopatogeneze,
- MeSH
- Cytomegalovirus immunology pathogenicity MeSH
- Herpesviridae immunology classification pathogenicity MeSH
- Immune Evasion physiology immunology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Herpesvirus 1, Human immunology pathogenicity MeSH
- Immunity, Innate MeSH
- Virus Replication physiology immunology MeSH
- Virus Diseases immunology physiopathology MeSH
- Herpesvirus 4, Human immunology pathogenicity MeSH
- Measles virus immunology pathogenicity MeSH
- Hepatitis Viruses immunology pathogenicity MeSH
- Viruses * immunology classification pathogenicity MeSH
- Inflammation * etiology immunology physiopathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Viruses * pathogenicity MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Microbial immunology drug effects MeSH
- Bacteria pathogenicity growth & development drug effects MeSH
- HIV Infections history epidemiology MeSH
- Escherichia coli Infections history prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Communicable Diseases * history epidemiology therapy MeSH
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus isolation & purification growth & development drug effects MeSH
- Legionnaires' Disease history epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbiology * trends MeSH
- Pandemics history prevention & control MeSH
- Whooping Cough history epidemiology prevention & control MeSH
- Measles history epidemiology prevention & control MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Vaccination * methods trends utilization MeSH
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype isolation & purification pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Ebolavirus isolation & purification pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus isolation & purification growth & development drug effects MeSH
- Viruses pathogenicity growth & development drug effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Interview MeSH
- Keywords
- Bioparox (fusangin - fusarium),
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Influenza, Human diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Drug Therapy * MeSH
- Fusarium MeSH
- Haemophilus influenzae MeSH
- Immunity physiology immunology MeSH
- Respiratory Tract Infections diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Bed Rest MeSH
- Ascorbic Acid therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Moraxella catarrhalis isolation & purification drug effects MeSH
- Common Cold * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory * MeSH
- Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification drug effects MeSH
- Fluid Therapy MeSH
- Viruses immunology isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
