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MeSH: cholagoga a choleretika-farmakologie

10 záznamů v Medvik Filtry

Článek

Kyselina ursodeoxycholová a její využití v léčbě onemocnění gastrointestinálního traktu
[Therapeutic role of ursodeoxycholic acid in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract]

Slíva, Jiří, 1978-
Autor Autorita ORCID Ústav farmakologie 3. LF UK, Praha

Farmakoterapeutická revue. 2021 ; 6 (5) : 614-618.

ISSN 2533-6878
Medvik
Zdroj

Kyselina ursodeoxycholová jakožto sekundární žlučová kyselina je po řadu desetiletí úspěšně využívána u patologických stavů postihujících žlučové cesty. Kromě disoluce žlučových kamenů se uplatňuje u chronických onemocnění jater či u reaktivní gastritidy navozené refluxem žluči. V následujícím textu je pojednán její terapeutický potenciál na pozadí pleiotropního mechanismu účinku.

Ursodeoxycholic acid, as a secondary bile acid, has been used successfully for many decades in pathological conditions affecting the bile ducts. In addition to the dissolution of gallstones, it is used in chronic liver diseases or in reactive gastritis induced by bile reflux. In the following text, its therapeutic potential against the background of its pleiotropic mechanism of action is discussed.

Článek

The effect of colesevelam treatment on bile acid and lipid metabolism and glycemic control in healthy men

Physiological research. 2016 ; 65 (6) : 995-1003. [pub] 20160819

Physiol. Res. (Print)
ISSN 1802-9973
Medvik
Zdroj

The treatment of hypercholesterolemia with bile acid (BA) sequestrants results in upregulation of BA synthesis through the classical pathway initiated by cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). To characterize the detailed dynamics of serum lipid and BA concentrations and the BA synthesis rate in response to treatment with BA sequestrants and to determine whether the -203A/C promoter polymorphism of the CYP7A1 encoding gene (CYP7A1) affects such a response, this pilot study was carried out in healthy men (8 homozygous for the -203A allele and 8 homozygous for the -203C allele of CYP7A1). The subjects were treated for 28 days with colesevelam and blood was drawn for analysis before and on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 of treatment. The response of lipids, BA, fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19) and 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) to colesevelam did not differ between carriers of -203A and -203C alleles; their data were then aggregated for further analysis. Colesevelam treatment caused immediate suppression of FGF19 concentration and a fivefold increase in CYP7A1 activity, as assessed from C4 concentration, followed by a 17 % decrease in LDL-cholesterol. Although total plasma BA concentrations were not affected, the ratio of cholic acid/total BA rose from 0.25+/-0.10 to 0.44+/-0.16 during treatment at the expense of decreases in chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acid.

MeSH
alely MeSH
cholagoga a choleretika farmakologie MeSH
cholestenony krev MeSH
cholesterol-7-alfa-hydroxylasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
dospělí MeSH
fibroblastové růstové faktory metabolismus MeSH
genotyp MeSH
hormony štítné žlázy metabolismus MeSH
kolesevelam farmakologie MeSH
krevní glukóza metabolismus MeSH
LDL-cholesterol krev MeSH
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
metabolismus lipidů účinky léků MeSH
pilotní projekty MeSH
polymorfismus genetický MeSH
zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
žlučové kyseliny a soli metabolismus MeSH
Check Tag
dospělí MeSH
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
mužské pohlaví MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH

Článek

Boldine enhances bile production in rats via osmotic and farnesoid X receptor dependent mechanisms

Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2015 ; 285 (1) : 12-22. [pub] 20150312

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
ISSN 1096-0333
Medvik
Zdroj

Boldine, the major alkaloid from the Chilean Boldo tree, is used in traditional medicine to support bile production, but evidence to support this function is controversial. We analyzed the choleretic potential of boldine, including its molecular background. The acute- and long-term effects of boldine were evaluated in rats either during intravenous infusion or after 28-day oral treatment. Infusion of boldine instantly increased the bile flow 1.4-fold in healthy rats as well as in animals with Mrp2 deficiency or ethinylestradiol induced cholestasis. This effect was not associated with a corresponding increase in bile acid or glutathione biliary excretion, indicating that the effect is not related to stimulation of either bile acid dependent or independent mechanisms of bile formation and points to the osmotic activity of boldine itself. We subsequently analyzed bile production under conditions of changing biliary excretion of boldine after bolus intravenous administration and found strong correlations between both parameters. HPLC analysis showed that bile concentrations of boldine above 10 μM were required for induction of choleresis. Importantly, long-term pretreatment, when the bile collection study was performed 24-h after the last administration of boldine, also accelerated bile formation despite undetectable levels of the compound in bile. The effect paralleled upregulation of the Bsep transporter and increased biliary clearance of its substrates, bile acids. We consequently confirmed the ability of boldine to stimulate the Bsep transcriptional regulator, FXR receptor. In conclusion, our study clarified the mechanisms and circumstances surrounding the choleretic activity of boldine.

Článek

Postprandial inflammation is not associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy lean men

British Journal of Nutrition. 2014 ; 112 (4) : 573-582.

Br J Nutr
ISSN 1475-2662
Medvik
Zdroj

The consumption of lipids and simple sugars induces an inflammatory response whose exact molecular trigger remains elusive. The aims of the present study were to investigate (1) whether inflammation induced by a single high-energy, high-fat meal (HFM) is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and (2) whether these inflammatory and ERS responses could be prevented by the chemical chaperone ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). A total of ten healthy lean men were recruited to a randomised, blind, cross-over trial. Subjects were given two doses of placebo (lactose) or UDCA before the consumption of a HFM (6151 kJ; 47·4 % lipids). Blood was collected at baseline and 4 h after the HFM challenge. Cell populations and their activation were analysed using flow cytometry, and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines were assessed by ELISA and Luminex technology. Gene expression levels of inflammatory and ERS markers were analysed in CD14⁺ and CD14⁻ PBMC using quantitative RT-PCR. The HFM induced an increase in the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, 2·1-fold; IL-8, 2·4-fold; TNF-α, 1·4-fold; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, 2·1-fold) and a decrease in the expression levels of miR181 (0·8-fold) in CD14⁺ monocytes. The HFM challenge did not up-regulate the expression of ERS markers (XBP1, HSPA5, EDEM1, DNAJC3 and ATF4) in either CD14⁺ or CD14⁻ cell populations, except for ATF3 (2·3-fold). The administration of UDCA before the consumption of the HFM did not alter the HFM-induced change in the expression levels of ERS or inflammatory markers. In conclusion, HFM-induced inflammation detectable on the level of gene expression in PBMC was not associated with the concomitant increase in the expression levels of ERS markers and could not be prevented by UDCA.

Článek

Liver protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid includes regulation of ADAM17 activity

BMC gastroenterology. 2013 ; 13 (-) : 155.

BMC Gastroenterol
ISSN 1471-230X
Medvik
Zdroj

BACKGROUND: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is used to treat primary biliary cirrhosis, intrahepatic cholestasis, and other cholestatic conditions. Although much has been learned about the molecular basis of the disease pathophysiology, our understanding of the effects of UDCA remains unclear. Possibly underlying its cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative effects, UDCA was reported to regulate the expression of TNFα and other inflammatory cytokines. However, it is not known if this effect involves also modulation of ADAM family of metalloproteinases, which are responsible for release of ectodomains of inflammatory cytokines from the cell surface. We hypothesized that UDCA modulates ADAM17 activity, resulting in amelioration of cholestasis in a murine model of bile duct ligation (BDL). METHODS: The effect of UDCA on ADAM17 activity was studied using the human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. Untransfected cells or cells ectopically expressing human ADAM17 were cultured with or without UDCA and further activated using phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). The expression and release of ADAM17 substrates, TNFα, TGFα, and c-Met receptor (or its soluble form, sMet) were evaluated using ELISA and quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR. Immunoblotting analyses were conducted to evaluate expression and activation of ADAM17 as well as the level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation after UDCA treatment. The regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) by UDCA was studied using zymography and qRT-PCR. A mouse model of acute cholestasis was induced by common BDL technique, during which mice received daily orogastric gavage with either UDCA or vehicle only. Liver injury was quantified using alkaline phosphatase (ALP), relative liver weight, and confirmed by histological analysis. ADAM17 substrates in sera were assessed using a bead multiplex assay. RESULTS: UDCA decreases amount of shed TNFα, TGFα, and sMet in cell culture media and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. These effects are mediated by the reduction of ADAM17 activity in PMA stimulated cells although the expression ADAM17 is not affected. UDCA reduced the level of the mature form of ADAM17. Moreover, UDCA regulates the expression of TIMP-1 and gelatinases activity in PMA stimulated cells. A BDL-induced acute cholangitis model was characterized by increased relative liver weight, serum levels of ALP, sMet, and loss of intracellular glycogen. UDCA administration significantly decreased ALP and sMet levels, and reduced relative liver weight. Furthermore, hepatocytes of UDCA-treated animals retained their metabolic activity as evidenced by the amount of glycogen storage. CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effect of UDCA appears to be mediated in part by the inhibition of ADAM17 activation and, thus, the release of TNFα, a strong pro-inflammatory factor. The release of other ADAM17 substrates, TGFα and sMet, are also regulated this way, pointing to a general impact on the release of ADAM17 substrates, which are pivotal for liver regeneration and function. In parallel, UDCA upregulates TIMP-1 that in turn inhibits matrix metalloproteinases, which destroy the hepatic ECM in diseased liver. This control of extracellular matrix turnover represents an additional beneficial path of UDCA treatment.