• MeSH
• fyziologie výživy MeSH
• jídelníček MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NLK Obory
• nutriční terapie, dietoterapie a výživa
• vnitřní lékařství

• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH

V této části publikace autoři vyšetřovali stravovací zvyklosti a příjem živin u mužů ve věku 40 - 45 let v Teplicích a Prachaticích. V obou vyšetřovaných souborech objevili výrazné nedostatky, spočívající v nadměme konzumaci uzenin a uzenářských výrobků a alkoholických nápojů a nedostatečném množství ovoce a zeleniny, mléka a mléčných výrobků, ryb a rybích výrobků. Konstatují, že převažuje konzumace potravin, které organismus zatěžují nadměrným množstvím živočišných tuků, bílkovin a cholesterolu a nízká, nebo zcela nedostatečná je konzumace potravin, které obsahují ochranné faktory, jako je vitamin C, vláknina a vápník. Stravovací zvyklosti, příjem tuků a alkoholu je významně horší v Teplicích. Autoři se domnívají, že takovýto způsob stravování je možno považovat za významný rizikový faktor vzniku a rozvoje civilizačních onemocnění a jednu z příčin zvýšené nemocnosti a úmrtnosti mužů ve věku nad 55 let. Muži v této věkové skupině by si jistě zasloužili přinejmenším preventivní péči v oblasti stravování a životního stylu.

In this part of paper the authors examined the dietary habits and nutrient intake of 40-45-year-old men in Teplice and Prachatice. In both examined groups they revealed marked shortcomings such as excessive consumption of smoked meat products and alcoholic beverages, inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetables, milk and dairy products, fish and fish products. They found that the consumption of foods which cause an excessive intake of animal fats, protein and cholesterol predominates. On the other hand, the consumption of foods which contain protective factors such as vitamin C, dietary fibre and calcium is quite inadequate. Dietary habits, fat and alcohol intake are much worse in Teplice. The authors assume that this type of diet can be considered an important risk factor for the develoment of diseases with a mass incidence and one of the reasons for the increased morbidity and mortality rate of men above 55 years of age. Men in this age group certainly deserve at least preventivě care in the sphere of diet and lifestyle.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fyziologie výživy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• muži MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• pilotní projekty metody   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• ukazatele zdravotního stavu MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

We investigated fungal growth and community composition in buried meshbags, amended with apatite, biotite or hornblende, in Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests of varying nutrient status. Norway spruce needles and soil collected from forests overlying serpentinite had low levels of potassium and phosphorus, those from granite had low levels of magnesium, whereas those from amphibolite had comparably high levels of these nutrients. We assayed the fungal colonization of meshbags by measuring ergosterol content and fungal community with 454 sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. In addition, we measured fine root density. Fungal biomass was increased by apatite amendment across all plots and particularly on the K- and P-deficient serpentinite plots, whereas hornblende and biotite had no effect on fungal biomass on any plots. Fungal community (total fungal and ectomycorrhizal) composition was affected strongly by sampling location and soil depth, whereas mineral amendments had no effect on community composition. Fine root biomass was significantly correlated with fungal biomass. Ectomycorrhizal communities may respond to increased host-tree phosphorus demand by increased colonization of phosphorus-containing minerals, but this does not appear to translate to a shift in ectomycorrhizal community composition. This growth response to nutrient demand does not appear to exist for potassium or magnesium limitation.

• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• draslík farmakologie   MeSH
• ergosterol metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfor farmakologie   MeSH
• hořčík farmakologie   MeSH
• houby účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• listy rostlin chemie   účinky léků   MeSH
• minerály metabolismus   MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• smrk účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient profile of labelled foods and also understand the application of two international nutrient profiling models of labelled foods and beverages. METHODS: WXYfm and NRF 9.3 nutrient profiling models were used to evaluate 3,171 labelled foods and beverages of 38 food categories and 500 different brands. RESULTS: According to the WXYfm model, pasta, grains and legumes and frozen foods had the best scores whereas oils had the worst scores. According to the NRF 9.3 model per 100 kcal, the best scores were obtained for frozen foods, grains and legumes and milk products whereas the confectionery foods had the worst scores. According to NRF 9.3 per serving size, grains and legumes had the best scores and flavoured milks had the worst scores. A comparison of WXYfm and NRF 9.3 nutrient profiling models ranked scores showed a high positive correlation (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The two nutrient models evaluated yielded similar results. Further studies are needed to test other category specific nutrient profiling models in order to understand how different models behave.

• MeSH
• analýza potravin MeSH
• informace pro uživatele zdravotní péče normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nápoje klasifikace   normy   MeSH
• nutriční hodnota * MeSH
• označování výrobků * MeSH
• potraviny klasifikace   normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Turecko MeSH

Given probable the increment in the nutritional needs of both humans and animals, animal production will have increased dramatically by 2050. Insect meals could be an alternative protein source for livestock, and they would also be able to reduce the environmental problems related to intensive animal production system. The aim of this study was to evaluate productive performance, blood analysis, nutrient digestibility, and changes in the internal organs of laying hens fed Hermetia illucens larvae meal (HI) at two different levels in substitution (25 or 50%) of soybean meal (SBM). A total of 162 Hy-line Brown hens (sixteen weeks old) were equally divided into three experimental groups and fed isoprotein and isoenergetic diets. Egg weight, feed intake, and feed conversion rate were not affected by the soybean meal substitution at both inclusion levels of insect meal. Egg mass was positively affected by the insect meal diets, as was the lay percentage, although only at the lowest inclusion level. Dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestibility coefficients were lower for the HI50 diet, probably due to the negative effect of chitin. A reduction in serum cholesterol and triglycerides was observed in both insect-meal fed groups, while serum globulin level increased only at the highest level of insect meal inclusion, and, consequently, the albumin to globulin ratio decreased. Overall, a protein replacement of 25% with an insect meal from Hermetia illucens larvae in the diet of laying hens seems to be more suitable and closer to the optimal level.

• MeSH
• dieta veterinární   MeSH
• Diptera * MeSH
• fyziologie výživy zvířat MeSH
• Glycine max MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata analýza   MeSH
• kur domácí fyziologie   MeSH
• larva MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH
• živiny MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) and plant-plant competition influence performance and abundance of plants. To what extent the two biotic interactions are interrelated and thus affect plant performance in combination rather than in isolation remains poorly explored. It is also unclear how the abiotic context, such as resource availability, modifies individual and joint effects of PSFs and of plant-plant competition. Using a garden experiment, we assessed the strengths of PSFs, competition, and their combined effects explored under low and high nutrient levels, and related them to abundance of 46 plant species and their ecological optima with respect to soil nutrients. We found that PSFs reduced but did not eliminate differences in competitive ability of plant species. Isolated and combined effects of the biotic interactions poorly predicted local or regional abundance of species. They were rather related to species' ecological optima, as nutrient-demanding plants experienced less negative biotic effects but only in a nutrient-rich environment. Our study demonstrates that soil biota can mitigate differences in competitive ability among species. It remains to be tested whether such an equalizing effect can maintain coexistence under high nutrient availability, in which nutrient-demanding species may disproportionately benefit from less negative competition and PSF effects.

• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• dusík analýza   MeSH
• fosfor analýza   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• rostliny metabolismus   MeSH
• společenstvo MeSH
• zpětná vazba * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• energetický metabolismus MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• preference v jídle MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• mladiství MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NLK Obory
• nutriční terapie, dietoterapie a výživa

The present research attempted to address a key industry-level question amidst Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) waste throughput and aquaponics limitations controversies. Nutrient throughput of three operational RAS farms with progressive size proportions (16, 130, 1400 m3), aquaculture intensity (24, 62, 86 kg stock m-3) were studied. Results suggest - daily total efflux and potency of nutrients in effluents should not be generalized, extreme variability exists. Consistencies of nutrients in wastewater (except N, Ca and Na) are higher than in sludge. Asynchrony between patterns of nutrient loading and effluent nutrient concentrations exist for secondary macronutrients and micronutrients (S, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, B, Mo). Macronutrient output generally increases with increasing farm size and culture intensity but same cannot be said for micronutrients. Deficiency in wastewater can be completely masked using raw or mineralized sludge, usually containing 3-17 times higher nutrient concentrations. RAS effluents (wastewater and sludge combined) contain adequate N, P, Mg, Ca, S, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni to meet most aquaponic crop needs. K is generally deficient requiring a full-fledged fertilization. Micronutrients B, Mo are partly sufficient and can be easily ameliorated by increasing sludge release. The presumption surrounding 'definite' phyto-toxic Na levels in RAS effluents should be reconsidered - practical solutions available too. No threat of heavy metal accumulation or discharge was observed. Most of the 'well-known' operational influences failed to show any significant predictable power in deciding nutrient throughput from RAS systems. Calibration of nutrient output from operational RAS farms may be primarily focused around six predictors we identified. Despite inherent complexity of effluents, the conversion of RAS farms to semi-commercial aquaponics should not be deterred by nutrient insufficiency or nutrient safety arguments. Incentivizing RAS farm wastes through semi-commercial aquaponics should be encouraged - sufficient and safe nutrients are available.

• MeSH
• farmy MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• odpadní vody MeSH
• vodní hospodářství * MeSH
• živiny * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH