population structure
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In order to disentangle the contribution of host and parasite biology to host specificity, we compared the structure and population dynamics of the Gyrodactylus (von Nordmann, 1832) flatworm community living on sympatric three-spined Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and nine-spined Pungitius pungitius (L.) stickleback. Between April 2002 and March 2003, a small lowland creek was sampled monthly. Species identity of about 75% of the worms per host was determined with a genetic nuclear marker (ITS1). Each stickleback species hosted a characteristic gill- and fin-parasitic Gyrodactylus: G. arcuatus Bychowsky, 1933 and G. gasterostei Gläser, 1974 respectively infecting the three-spined stickleback, with G. rarus Wegener, 1910 and G. pungitii Malmberg, 1964 infecting the nine-spined stickleback. Host size and seasonal dynamics were strong determinants of parasite abundance. A strong interaction between host and parasite species determined infection levels and affected three levels of parasite organisation: community structure, population structure and topographical specialisation. Community and population structure were shaped by asymmetric cross-infections, resulting in a net transmission of the Gyrodactylus species typical of the nine-spined stickleback towards the three-spined stickleback. Host density was not a major determinant of parasite exchange. Aggregation and topographical specialisation of the Gyrodactylus species of the three-spined stickleback were more pronounced than that of the nine-spined stickleback.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
- populační dynamika MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- Smegmamorpha genetika klasifikace parazitologie MeSH
- Trematoda klasifikace parazitologie MeSH
- velikost těla MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
... One Reason 68 Photo Captions and Credits 120 Editorial Team 120 -- Selected Indicators for Less-Populous ... ... PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI -- & 1 -- Sign. 43- 6/ 04y - Knihovna katedry 7 2 / 4/37 -- THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION ...
State of world population ; Y. 2005
iii, 119 s. : il.
- MeSH
- altruismus MeSH
- chudoba MeSH
- dorostové lékařství MeSH
- lidská práva MeSH
- násilí MeSH
- reprodukční zdraví MeSH
- sociální spravedlnost MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- zdravotní politika MeSH
- ženská práva MeSH
- Konspekt
- Demografie. Populace
- NLK Obory
- demografie
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- sociologie
- demografie
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- sociologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- ročenky
Diagnostika laterality, potažmo rukovosti člověka, je předmětem zájmu mnoha teoreticky i prakticky zaměřených oborů. Jedním z nejpoužívanějších diagnostických nástrojů ve výzkumu laterality je Annettové dotazník rukové preference (Annett, 1970). Cílem této studie bylo ověření latentní struktury tohoto diagnostického prostředku v české populaci. Pomocí strukturálního modelování jsme dospěli k závěru, že Annettové dotazník rukové preference je unidimenzionálním diagnostickým prostředkem. Byly identifikovány čtyři položky (jehla/nit, zametání, lopata, víčko láhve), které nepřispívají dostatečně k měření zamýšleného teoretického konstruktu. Doporučujeme proto, tyto položky při použití AHQ v českém prostředí z dotazníku vyloučit. Po jejich vyloučení je možné vytvářet reliabilní kompozitní skór (McDonaldovo ω = 0,97) jednoduchým součtem výsledků ve zbylých osmi položkách (není nutné přiřazení odlišných vah jednotlivým položkám).
Annett's handedness questionnaire is one of the most frequently used diagnostics tool in laterality research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the latent factor structure of this diagnostic tool.Using the structural equation modeling we conclude that the Annett's handedness questionnaire is a unidimensional instrument. We identified four items in the questionnaire (), which do not contribute adequately to measuring intended theoretical concept. Thus we recommend exclusion of these items when using AHQ in Czech environment. After their removal it is possible to create reliable composite score (McDonald's ω = 0,97) by summing up results in remaining items (weighing of the items is not necessary).
- Klíčová slova
- lateralita, diagnostika, faktorová analýza, teoretický konstrukt,
- MeSH
- funkční lateralita fyziologie genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- modely strukturální MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky klasifikace využití MeSH
- ruka MeSH
- studenti MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- důchod statistika a číselné údaje zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- fertilita MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- naděje dožití trendy MeSH
- osoby s přechodným pobytem a migranti statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- populační dynamika dějiny MeSH
- populační růst MeSH
- porodnost trendy MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- senioři statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- statistika přirozeného pohybu MeSH
- tabulky života MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- senioři statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) is a tapeworm parasite with a worldwide distribution that uses a wide variety of fish species as its second intermediate host. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence and population genetic structure of plerocercoids of L. intestinalis in five common cyprinoid species, roach Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus), freshwater bream Abramis brama (Linnaeus), white bream Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus), bleak Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus), and rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus), collected in six water bodies of the Czech Republic (Milada, Most, Medard, Jordán, Římov and Lipno). Of the six study sites, the highest frequency of parasitism was recorded in Lake Medard (15%). The overall prevalence rate among the species was as follows: roach > rudd ≥ freshwater bream > bleak > white bream. Two mitochondrial genes (cytb and COI) were used to compare the population genetic structure of parasite populations using selected samples from the five fish species. The results of the phylogenetic analysis indicated that all populations of L. intestinalis were placed in Clade A, previously identified as the most common in Europe. At a finer scale, haplotype network and PCoA analyses indicated the possible emergence of host specificity of several mtDNA haplotypes to the freshwater bream. Moreover, pairwise Fixation indices (FST) revealed a significant genetic structure between the parasite population in freshwater bream and other host species. Parasite populations in roach not only showed the highest rate of prevalence but also depicted a maximum number of shared haplotypes with populations from bleak and rudd. Our results suggest that recent ecological differentiation might have influenced tapeworm populations at a fine evolutionary scale. Thus, the differences in prevalence between fish host species in different lakes might be influenced not only by the parasite's ecology, but also by its genetic diversity.
- MeSH
- Cestoda * genetika MeSH
- cestodózy * epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- Cyprinidae * parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetické struktury MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- jezera MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA MeSH
- nemoci ryb * epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- paraziti * MeSH
- populační genetika MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- voda MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Background: We have analyzed the aged population disability processes to establish specifics and regularities of the causal structure of disability among the working and nonworking aged population. Methods: In total, 1208 examination reports of the Medical & Social Expert Commission have been subjected to excerption in Almaty. Results: Persons having the second disability status prevail in the working aged contingent 4,4%, which is much higher than the ratios for the first and second disability statuses (0,4% and 0,6%, respectively). Among the nonworking population, persons having the second disability status largely prevail too 8,1% (3,1% and 1,1%, respectively). The casual structure of disability among the nonworking disabled persons includes as follows: blood circulatory system diseases (40%), malignant neoplasms (27,2%), and diseases of the eye and its appendages (10,2%). They are followed by endocrine diseases, nutritional and metabolic disturbances (7,6%), bodily injuries (3%), and urogenital system diseases with musculoskeletal system ones 2,3% each. The data collection for the working aged population contingent has found out blood circulatory system diseases (47%) and malignant neoplasms (34,4%). Alongside with that, the distinctive feature among the said aged population cohort is a substantial predominance of bodily injuries (7,4%), endocrine diseases, nutritional and metabolic disturbances (2,3%), and only 1,4% is accounted for diseases of the eye and its appendages.
- MeSH
- demografie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoc MeSH
- populace * MeSH
- posuzování pracovní neschopnosti MeSH
- práce * MeSH
- stárnutí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kazachstán MeSH
The study polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA carried out in population of Kazakhs (N=304). The analysis shows that Western Europe (55%) and Eastern Europe (41%) mtDNA lineages exist in the Kazakhs population. A high genetic diversity was observed in the Kazakhs population (h=0.996). Nei's genetic distances using mtDNA haplogroups frequencies are calculated and the situation of the Kazakhs among other peoples is determined. The paper offers analysis of the genetic structure of the Kazakh population using data of the frequencies of mtDNA haplogroups. It is noted a high degree of intensity of gene exchange between the Kazakh population and frontier populations of Russia on the North-West, North, Northeast and East of Kazakhstan.
- MeSH
- genom lidský MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA * genetika MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický * genetika MeSH
- populační genetika * MeSH
- výzkumný projekt MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kazachstán MeSH
