BACKGROUND: If carried out correctly and without delay, activation of emergency services by stroke bystanders could improve mortality and disability from stroke. This paper describes the development of a school-based intervention using the Intervention Mapping approach. It aims to improve the appropriate activation of emergency medical services for suspected stroke by 12-15-year-old children. METHODS: The development of the intervention was guided by Intervention Mapping approach. The logic model of the problem was created through analysis of the existing literature and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders. Based on these findings, performance objectives and their determinants were determined and matched to create a model for changing emergency medical services activation behavior. Behavior change methods and their practical applications were then determined. Based on them, intervention messages and materials were designed, the intervention was drafted, pretested, and finalized. RESULTS: It was found that the main performance objectives for the activation of emergency medical services were (1) recognizing symptoms, (2) communicating with the victim, and (3) calling an ambulance immediately. Their main determinants were knowledge, social influence, risk perception, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and skills. Determinants were then matched with performance objectives to create the matrices of requested behavior changes. The following change methods were chosen: modeling, elaboration, belief selection, providing cues, scenario-based risk information, and cultural similarity. Methods were translated into practical applications in the form of a short educational film. The production company created, pretested, and finalized the film. As a result, a 5-minute entertainment-education video was created modeling an acute stroke with a child as the main bystander. CONCLUSION: The Intervention Mapping approach guided the development of a school-based program to improve Emergency medical services activation in stroke by 12-15 year old children. Our process and approach can serve as a model for researchers and health promotion professionals aiming to improve help-seeking behavior for stroke to improve stroke help-seeking behavior as well as other acute diseases.
- MeSH
- Stroke * therapy MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Program Development MeSH
- School Health Services MeSH
- Schools MeSH
- Emergency Medical Services * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Článek představuje analýzu současných možností studia a dalšího vzdělávání zdravotnických záchranářů v České republice. Při vizualizaci byl převzat systém College of Paramedics, který možnosti rozděluje na 4 oblasti – klinická praxe, organizace a řízení, výuková činnost a vědecká činnost. V současné době je nedostatečně pokryta oblast klinické praxe a vědecké činnosti. Je nutné si uvědomit, že bez rozvoje vědecko-výzkumné činnosti v oboru urgentní medicíny a nelékařských zdravotnických pracovníků v urgentní medicíně není možné systematicky posilovat systém pregraduálního ani postgraduálního vzdělávání.
The article presents an analysis of the current possibilities for studying and further education of paramedics in the Czech Republic. In visualization, the system of the College of Paramedics was adopted, which divides the possibilities into four areas – clinical practice, leadership and management, education, and research and development. Currently, the area of clinical practice and research and development is inadequately covered. It is necessary to realize that without the development of scientific research in the field of emergency medicine and non-physician healthcare professionals in emergency medicine, it is not possible to systematically strengthen the system of undergraduate and postgraduate education.
BACKGROUND: Considerable differences exist among the living donor Kidney Exchange Programmes (KEPs) that are in use and being built in Europe, contributing to a variation in the number of living donor transplants (Newsletter Transplant; International figures on donation and transplantation 2016). Efforts of European KEPs to exchange (best) practices and share approaches to address challenges have, however, been limited. METHODS: Experts from 23 European countries, collaborating on the European Network for Collaboration on Kidney Exchange Programmes Cooperation on Science and Technology Action, developed a questionnaire to collect detailed information on the functioning of all existing KEPs in Europe, as well as their opportunities and challenges. Following a comparative analysis, results were synthesized and interpreted by the same experts. RESULTS: The practices, opportunities and challenges reported by 17 European countries reveal that some of the 10 operating programs are mature, whereas others are in earlier stages of development. Over 1300 transplants were performed through existing KEPs up to the end of 2016, providing approximately 8% of their countries' living kidney donations in 2015. All countries report challenges to either initiating KEPs or increasing volumes. Some challenges are shared, whereas others differ because of differences in context (eg, country size, effectiveness of deceased donor program) and ethical and legal considerations (eg, regarding living donation as such, nonrelated donors, and altruistic donation). Transnational initiatives have started in Central Europe, Scandinavia, and Southern Europe. CONCLUSIONS: Exchange of best practices and shared advancement of national programs to address existing challenges, aided by transnational exchanges, may substantially improve access to the most (cost) effective treatment for the increasing number of patients suffering from kidney disease.
- MeSH
- Benchmarking organization & administration MeSH
- Healthcare Disparities organization & administration MeSH
- Program Evaluation MeSH
- Delivery of Health Care, Integrated organization & administration MeSH
- Cooperative Behavior * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- International Cooperation * MeSH
- Program Development MeSH
- Kidney Transplantation * MeSH
- Policy Making MeSH
- Living Donors * MeSH
- Tissue and Organ Procurement organization & administration MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Systematic Review MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
- MeSH
- Physiology education MeSH
- Genetics education MeSH
- Program Evaluation MeSH
- Curriculum MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mutation * MeSH
- Comprehension MeSH
- Program Development MeSH
- Students, Medical * psychology MeSH
- Education, Medical, Undergraduate methods MeSH
- Educational Status MeSH
- Learning MeSH
- Teaching * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
81 stran : ilustrace ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- Alcoholic Beverages MeSH
- Alcoholism prevention & control MeSH
- Community Health Planning methods MeSH
- Health Promotion methods MeSH
- Program Development methods MeSH
- Preventive Health Services methods MeSH
- Social Problems prevention & control MeSH
- Health Risk Behaviors MeSH
- Publication type
- Handbook MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
- Conspectus
- Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
- NML Fields
- veřejné zdravotnictví
Although laboratory medicine practise varies across the European Union's (EU) member states, the extent of overlap in scope is such that a common syllabus describing the education and training associated with high-quality, specialist practise can be identified. In turn, such a syllabus can help define the common set of skills, knowledge and competence in a Common Training Framework (CTF) for non-medical Specialists in Laboratory Medicine under EU Directive 2013/55/EU (The recognition of Professional Qualifications). In meeting the requirements of the directive's CTF patient safety is particularly enhanced when specialists seek to capitalise on opportunities for free professional migration across EU borders. In updating the fourth syllabus, the fifth expands on individual discipline requirements, new analytical techniques and use of statistics. An outline structure for a training programme is proposed together with expected responsibilities of trainees and trainers; reference is provided to a trainee's log book. In updating the syllabus, it continues to support national programmes and the aims of EU Directive 2013/55/EU in providing safeguards to professional mobility across European borders at a time when the demand for highly qualified professionals is increasing in the face of a disparity in their distribution across Europe. In support of achieving a CTF, the syllabus represents EFLM's position statement for the education and training that underpins the framework.
- MeSH
- European Union MeSH
- Chemistry, Clinical education MeSH
- Education, Medical, Continuing MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Program Development * MeSH
- Education, Medical, Graduate MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- History, 20th Century MeSH
- History, 21st Century MeSH
- Dementia * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Palliative Care history MeSH
- Decision Making MeSH
- Program Development methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- History, 20th Century MeSH
- History, 21st Century MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Letter MeSH
- Historical Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
We present the Homeostasis Concept Inventory (HCI), a 20-item multiple-choice instrument that assesses how well undergraduates understand this critical physiological concept. We used an iterative process to develop a set of questions based on elements in the Homeostasis Concept Framework. This process involved faculty experts and undergraduate students from associate's colleges, primarily undergraduate institutions, regional and research-intensive universities, and professional schools. Statistical results provided strong evidence for the validity and reliability of the HCI. We found that graduate students performed better than undergraduates, biology majors performed better than nonmajors, and students performed better after receiving instruction about homeostasis. We used differential item analysis to assess whether students from different genders, races/ethnicities, and English language status performed differently on individual items of the HCI. We found no evidence of differential item functioning, suggesting that the items do not incorporate cultural or gender biases that would impact students' performance on the test. Instructors can use the HCI to guide their teaching and student learning of homeostasis, a core concept of physiology.
25 stran : ilustrace ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- Chronic Disease prevention & control MeSH
- Noncommunicable Diseases prevention & control MeSH
- Health Promotion MeSH
- National Health Programs MeSH
- Program Development MeSH
- Policy Making MeSH
- Health Policy MeSH
- Conspectus
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NML Fields
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- NML Publication type
- publikace WHO
