Childhood epilepsy is frequently associated with neurobehavioral comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, cognitive impairments, and social dysfunction, as revealed by both clinical and experimental studies. Despite extensive neurophysiological research, behavioral studies in developing animals remain limited and underreported. Here, we review the behavioral impact of early-life seizures (ELSs) in commonly used rat models in developmental studies. We outline suitable tests and provide guidance on how traditional tests should be adapted and interpreted in this context. Finally, we examine factors influencing behavioral analysis in developmental studies, exploring confounding variables and offering strategies to minimize their impact.
BACKGROUND: To determine differences in the blood innate gene expression signatures of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients across various organ manifestations and disease activity, with a focus on lupus nephritis (LN) and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. METHODS: Toll-like receptor family (TLR 1-10) mRNA expression was investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with SLE (n = 74) and healthy controls (n = 34). We compared patients with histologically confirmed active LN or neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) with patients without these symptoms. The expression of TLR mRNA was determined by RT‒qPCR using a high-throughput SmartChip Real-Time-qPCR system (WaferGen). Multivariate analysis and nonparametric statistics were used for data analysis to assess the associations between TLRs and disease activity and severity. RESULTS: TLR4 (0.044 vs. 0.081, p = 0.012) was upregulated and TLR10 (0.009 vs. 0.006, p = 0.0007) was downregulated in the whole cohort of SLE patients compared to healthy controls. A comparison of the active LN group with participants without kidney involvement revealed increased expression of TLR2 (0.078 vs. 0.03, p = 0.009), and TLR5 (0.035 vs. 0.017, p = 0.03). Moreover, a significant difference was observed in TLR9 expression between inactive LN and the control group (0.014 vs. 0.009, p = 0.01), together with borderline correlation in TLR2 expression (0.04 vs. 0.03, p = 0.06). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that TLR1 and TLR2 expression were the best potential diagnostic markers for active LN. The NPSLE group showed upregulation of TLR1 (0.088 vs. 0.048, p = 0.01), TLR4 (0.173 vs. 0.066, p = 0.0003) and TLR6 (0.087 vs. 0.036, 0.007). Our correlation analysis supported the close relationships among the expression of individual TLRs in the whole lupus cohort and its subgroups. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed differences in TLR expression between a lupus cohort and healthy controls. Additionally, our analysis provides insight into specific TLR expression in cases with severe organ manifestations, such as LN and NPSLE. The multiple mutual relationships of TLRs demonstrate the activation of innate immunity in SLE and suggest promising targets for future therapies or diagnostics.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nefritida při lupus erythematodes * genetika krev MeSH
- systémový lupus erythematodes krev genetika MeSH
- toll-like receptory * genetika biosyntéza MeSH
- vaskulitida centrálního nervového systému při lupus erythematodes * krev genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PROBLEM: Disgust contributes to anxiety-based psychopathology, and in turn, anxiety increases disgust proneness. BACKGROUND: Disgust and anxiety undergo significant changes in pregnancy, but no previous study has examined their longitudinal associations in this time period. AIM: This prospective longitudinal study aimed to identify longitudinal associations between disgust sensitivity and state anxiety across the three trimesters of pregnancy, while exploring the directionality of the effect between those two variables. METHODS: At each trimester of pregnancy, the pregnant women (n = 261) completed the Disgust Scale-Revised (DS-R), the Pathogen disgust domain of the Three Domains of Disgust Scale (TDDS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A path analysis (structural equation model) was used to assess cross-lagged effects between disgust sensitivity and state anxiety across the three pregnancy trimesters. FINDINGS: We found significant cross-lagged associations between disgust and anxiety such that higher disgust (overall DS-R score, Core disgust subscale of DS-R and Pathogen disgust domain of TDDS) in the first trimester predicted greater anxiety in the third. No significant cross-lagged associations were found between Animal-reminder or Contamination disgust subscales of DS-R and state anxiety. State anxiety did not predict disgust sensitivity at any time point. DISCUSSION: Our results indicate a unidirectional association between disgust sensitivity and state anxiety in pregnant women such that disgust sensitivity in early pregnancy predicts state anxiety in late pregnancy, but anxiety does not predict disgust sensitivity at any time point. CONCLUSION: Assessing disgust in early pregnancy could help to identify women at risk of higher anxiety levels in advanced pregnancy.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- odpor * MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- první trimestr těhotenství * psychologie MeSH
- psychometrie přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- těhotné ženy * psychologie MeSH
- úzkost * psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
AIM: The purpose of this project was to compare the characteristics of two experimental murine models of primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) and determine which experimental model is most suitable for further investigational research to elucidate the pathophysiology of PIOL and to find new therapeutical strategies. METHODS: In both experimental models PIOL was induced in immunocompetent mice with intravitreal injection of syngeneic B-cell lymphoma cell lines. Murine strain C3H/HeN and cell line 38C13 were used in the first model and BALB/CaNn mice and cell line A20 in the second model. During the experiments, thorough clinical evaluation (using photo documentation, ultrasonography, and MRI) and histological evaluation were performed. RESULTS: In both models, the percentage of PIOL development was high, reaching nearly 80%. Disease progression was faster in C3H/HeN with exophthalmos occurring on average on day 10. Vitreous involvement was a predominant sign in the clinical presentation of this group. In BALB/CaNn mice exophthalmos occurred on average on day 22. The predominant clinical sign in the BALB/CaNn group was tumorous infiltration of the retina, optic disc, and tumorous retinal detachment. CONCLUSION: Slower progression of the disease in BALB/CaNn mice, greater possibility to examine the retina due to mild vitreous involvement, and later occurrence of exophthalmos makes this strain more suitable for further investigational research.
- MeSH
- B-buněčný lymfom patologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C * MeSH
- myši inbrední C3H MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nitrooční lymfom * patologie MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
AIM: This work explores the synthesis of new bi-heterocyclic hybrid compounds based on quinoline ring and investigates their potential as anticancer agents. MATERIALS & METHODS: The novel fused quinoline-thiazolo[3,2-a] benzimidazole-3(2 h)one hybrids were prepared by regioselective nucleophilic ring opening of the corresponding quinolinyl-oxiranes. In vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated against human lung (A549) and gastric (AGS) cancer cell lines. RESULTS: Global results showed that all tested compounds have promising inhibitory properties. Compounds 17 and 18 bearing two methoxy groups on the quinoline ring have exhibited remarkable and interesting activities. The investigation of the cell death process showed that these compounds activated a caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. Results were further supported by molecular docking studies. CONCLUSION: Both compounds exhibited good drug-like characteristics, which make them promising drug candidates.
- MeSH
- apoptóza * účinky léků MeSH
- benzimidazoly * farmakologie chemie chemická syntéza MeSH
- chinoliny * chemie farmakologie chemická syntéza MeSH
- kaspasy * metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- protinádorové látky * farmakologie chemie chemická syntéza MeSH
- screeningové testy protinádorových léčiv MeSH
- simulace molekulového dockingu * MeSH
- thiazoly chemie farmakologie chemická syntéza MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Archie Brain,
- MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny lékařství MeSH
- laryngální masky dějiny MeSH
- umělé dýchání přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- významné osobnosti MeSH
- zajištění dýchacích cest přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- biografie MeSH
- historické články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Verbal coach encouragement is a key motivational strategy that enhances skill development, game strategy execution, and team cohesion. In youth basketball, where players are still developing technical and decision-making abilities, coach encouragement can play a crucial role in sustaining effort, improving focus, and fostering resilience under small-sided games (SSGs). This study investigated how coach encouragement (CE) influences young basketball players' technical performance and psychophysiological responses during competitive gameplay. METHODS: Sixteen male basketball players (age = 15.19 ± 1.05 years) voluntarily participated in the study. Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, mood states and technical activities were recorded with coach encouragement and without coach encouragement during SSGs. RESULTS: The results showed that SSGs with coach encouragement were associated with significantly higher heart rate (p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.69), maximum heart rate percentage (p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.15), ratings of perceived exertion (p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.69), enjoyment (p ≤ 0.007, d = 0.86), technical abilities (e.g., successful passes and shots; p ≤ 0.05, d ranging from 1.08 to 1.25), and fatigue (p ≤ 0.03, d = 1.47). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study highlight the importance of CE in improving the psychophysiological and technical abilities of young basketball players during SSGs. CE improves coach-athlete relationships and increases game performance.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Animals and humans receive the most critical information from parts of the environment that are immediately inaccessible and highly dynamic. The brain must effectively process potential interactions between elements in such an environment to make appropriate decisions in critical situations. We trained male Long-Evans rats to discriminate static and dynamic spatial stimuli and to generalize novel dynamic spatial stimuli displayed on an inaccessible computer screen. We provide behavioral evidence indicating that rats encode dynamic visuospatial situations by constructing internal static representations that capture meaningful future interactions between objects. These observations support previous findings in humans that such internal static representations can encapsulate relevant spatiotemporal information of dynamic environments. This mechanism would allow animals and humans to process complex time-changing situations neatly.
- MeSH
- chování zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- potkani Long-Evans * MeSH
- vnímání prostoru * fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
