Publikace, která se zaměřuje na různá současná etická témata. Určeno odborné i široké veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• etika MeSH
• filozofie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH
• populární práce MeSH

• Konspekt
• Etika. Morální filozofie
• NLK Obory
• etika, bioetika, lékařská etika

OBJECTIVE: Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC), a tumor with a significantly increasing incidence, is mostly diagnosed in the head region, where tumors have a worse prognosis and a higher risk of metastases. The presence of metastases reduces specific five-year survival from 99% to 50%. As the risk of occult metastases does not exceed 10%, elective dissection of the tributary parotid and neck lymph nodes is not recommended. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a group of 12 patients with cSCC of the head after elective dissections of regional (parotid and cervical) nodes by means of superficial parotidectomy and selective neck dissection. RESULTS: We diagnosed occult metastases neither in the cervical nor parotid nodes in any patient. None were diagnosed as a regional recurrence during the follow-up period. CONCLUCION: Our negative opinion on elective parotidectomy and neck dissection in cSCC of the head is in agreement with the majority of published studies. These elective procedures are not indicated even for tumors showing the presence of known (clinical and histological) risk factors for lymphogenic spread, as their positive predictive value is too low. Elective parotidectomy is individually considered as safe deep surgical margin. If elective parotidectomy is planned it should include only the superficial lobe. Completion parotidectomy and elective neck dissection are done in rare cases of histologically confirmed parotid metastasis in the parotid specimen. Preoperatively diagnosed parotid metastases without neck involvement are sent for total parotidectomy and elective selective neck dissection. Cases of clinically evident neck metastasis with no parotid involvement, are referred for comprehensive neck dissection and elective superficial parotidectomy. The treatment of concurrent parotid and cervical metastases includes total conservative parotidectomy and comprehensive neck dissection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: How common is the problem? Step 4 (Case-series) Is this diagnostic or monitoring test accurate? (Diagnosis) Step 4 (poor or non-independent reference standard) What will happen if we do not add a therapy? (Prognosis) Step 4 (Case-series) Does this intervention help? (Treatment Benefits) Step 4 (Case-series) What are the COMMON harms? (Treatment Harms) Step 4 (Case-series) What are the RARE harms? (Treatment Harms) Step 4 (Case-series) Is this (early detection) test worthwhile? (Screening) Step 4 (Case-series).

• MeSH
• krční disekce metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hlavy a krku * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• nádory kůže * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• nádory příušní žlázy * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom * patologie   MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Roxadustat (RXD) is an approved drug substances for the treatment of renal anemia. It has poor aqueous solubility and photochemical stability. This study employs a comprehensive approach to enhance the stability and physicochemical properties RXD through coformer selection and characterization. The investigation integrates delta pKa analysis, molecular complementary assessment, molecular electrostatic potential surface analysis, and machine learning techniques to predict potential co-crystal formation and binding interactions between drug molecules and coformers. The co-crystal screening which lead to in a novel RXD-nicotinamide co-crystal (RXD-NA). Experimental characterization underscores the physical and chemical stability of the co-crystals. To elucidate the supramolecular synthons and understand the intermolecular interactions in the RXD-NA co-crystal, Hirshfeld surfaces analysis, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis were performed. Computational analysis of photo-isomer formation aligns with experimental observations, further enhancing our understanding of RXD-coformer interactions. RXD-NA co-crystal was found photo-chemically stable as compared to free base API drug substance. This integrated methodology provides a systematic framework for informed co-crystal design, holding promise for optimizing RXD formulations based on molecular interactions and stability considerations. Consequently, this study contributes valuable insights to the field of rational drug design and formulation optimization.

• MeSH
• glycin * MeSH
• rozpustnost MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• dietoterapie * metody   normy   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• stravovací služby nemocnice * normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• dítě * MeSH
• inzerce jako téma * statistika a číselné údaje   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nápoje ekonomika   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• potraviny ekonomika   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• televize statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kazachstán MeSH
• Kyrgyzstán MeSH
• Rusko MeSH
• Turecko MeSH

• MeSH
• hygiena * normy   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• nádobí * normy   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• riziko MeSH