The significance of extraesophageal reflux as a risk factor in lung adenocarcinoma has been understudied. In this study, we investigated whether extraesophageal reflux leads to higher pepsin concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma compared to controls. Subjects were recruited from non-smoker patients (lifelong non-smokers and ex-smokers with more than 5 years of non-smoking history) who had undergone bronchoscopy due to pulmonary abnormalities on a CT scan and met the inclusion criteria. Based on histological verification of the lung process, the patients were divided into three groups: (1) lung adenocarcinoma, (2) pulmonary metastases, and (3) lung sarcoidosis. Lung adenocarcinoma cases were further categorized as central or peripheral. BAL samples collected during bronchoscopy were quantitatively analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure pepsin levels. No statistically significant difference in pepsin concentration was observed between the lung adenocarcinoma group and control groups (p = 0.135). After excluding hemorrhagic BAL samples, the pepsin concentration was significantly the lowest in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (p = 0.023) compared to the control groups. The results of the study do not support the hypothesis of a higher occurrence of extraesophageal reflux (evaluated as the amount of pepsin in BAL) in non-smoker patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Caffeine, which shares consubstantial structural similarity with purine adenosine, has been demonstrated as a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist for eliciting most of the biological functions at physiologically relevant dosages. Accumulating evidence supports caffeine's beneficial effects against different disorders, such as total cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, paradoxical effects are also linked to caffeine ingestion in humans including hypertension-hypotension and tachycardia-bradycardia. These observations suggest the association of caffeine action with its ingested concentration and/or concurrent interaction with preferential molecular targets to direct explicit events in the human body. Thus, a coherent analysis of the functional targets of caffeine, relevant to normal physiology, and disease pathophysiology, is required to understand the pharmacology of caffeine. This review provides a broad overview of the experimentally validated targets of caffeine, particularly those of therapeutic interest, and the impacts of caffeine on organ-specific physiology and pathophysiology. Overall, the available empirical and epidemiological evidence supports the dose-dependent functional activities of caffeine and advocates for further studies to get insights into the caffeine-induced changes under specific conditions, such as asthma, DNA repair, and cancer, in view of its therapeutic applications.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * MeSH
• hypertenze * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * MeSH
• kofein farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Výroční zpráva se zaměřuje na čerpání podpory na rozvoj výzkumu ve Státním zdravotním ústavu v roce 2014. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• akademie a ústavy dějiny   ekonomika   MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum dějiny   ekonomika   MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma dějiny   MeSH
• vládní organizace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• výroční zprávy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• věda a výzkum
• ekonomie, ekonomika, ekonomika zdravotnictví

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a major cause of vision loss. Of the two main types of RVO, branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is 4 to 6 times more prevalent than central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). A basic risk factor for RVO is advancing age. Further risk factors include systemic conditions like hypertension, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, vascular cerebral stroke, blood hyperviscosity, and thrombophilia. A strong risk factor for RVO is the metabolic syndrome (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia). Individuals with end-organ damage caused by diabetes mellitus and hypertension have greatly increased risk for RVO. Socioeconomic status seems to be a risk factor too. American blacks are more often diagnosed with RVO than non-Hispanic whites. Females are, according to some studies, at lower risk than men. The role of thrombophilic risk factors in RVO is still controversial. Congenital thrombophilic diseases like factor V Leiden mutation, hyperhomocysteinemia and anticardiolipin antibodies increase the risk of RVO. Cigarette smoking also increases the risk of RVO as do systemic inflammatory conditions like vasculitis and Behcet disease. Ophthalmic risk factors for RVO are ocular hypertension and glaucoma, higher ocular perfusion pressure, and changes in the retinal arteries.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Several small case-control studies have investigated whether factor V Leiden (FVL) is a risk factor for retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and generated conflicting data. To clarify this question we performed a large two-centre case-control study and a meta-analysis of published studies. Two hundred seven consecutive patients with RVO and a control group of 150 subjects were screened between 1996 and 2006. A systematic meta-analysis was done combining our study with further 17 published European case-control studies. APC resistance was detected in 16 out of 207 (7.7%) patients and eight out of 150 (5.3%) controls. The odds ratio (OR) estimated was 1.49 with a (non-significant) 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.62-3.57. The meta-analysis including 18 studies with a total of 1,748 patients and 2,716 controls showed a significantly higher prevalence of FVL in patients with RVO compared to healthy controls (combined OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.19-2.32). All single studies combined in the meta-analysis were too small to reliably detect the effect individually. This explains the seemingly contradictory data in the literature. In conclusion, the prevalence of APC resistance (and FVL) is increased in patients with RVO compared to controls, but the effect is only moderate. Therefore, there is no indication for general screening of factor V mutation in all patients with RVO. We recommend this test to be performed in patients older than 50 years with an additional history of thromboembolic event and in younger patients without general risk factors like hypertension.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• faktor V genetika   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• genetické testování MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• okluze retinální žíly epidemiologie   etiologie   genetika   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rezistence k aktivovanému proteinu C komplikace   epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• tromboembolie komplikace   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Německo MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the most common risk factors (RFs) for retinal vein occlusion (RVO) development in general. The aim of this study was to identify the most frequent causes of RVO in patients under 50. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated a group of patients with RVO under 50 years. The parameters of interest included age and sex, RVO type, presence of arterial hypertension (HT), hyperlipidaemia (HLD), diabetes mellitus (DM), congenital thrombophilic disorder (TD), obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), thyroid eye disease (TED), use of hormone contraception (HC) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT), glaucoma and other potential RFs. Patients with central RVO (CRVO), hemi-central RVO (HRVO), branch RVO (BRVO), impending CRVO and combined arterial-venous (AV) occlusion were included. RESULTS: The group consisted of 110 eyes of 103 patients. CV disease was the most common systemic abnormality. 55.3% patients had HT, 17.5% had HLD. TD was the third most frequent RF (12.6%). The cohort also included patients with DM (6.8%), glaucoma (6.8%) and women using HC/HRT (26.2% of female patients). There were isolated cases of RVO due to retinal vasculitis, intense exercise, antiphospholipid syndrome and COVID-19 pneumonia. None of the patients had OSAS, TED or a haemato-oncological disease. The etiology remained unexplained in 20.4% patients. No difference was observed in RF occurrence between patients with CRVO and HRVO and those with BRVO. CONCLUSION: The most common systemic abnormality in our cohort was CV disease, especially HT and HLD. The risk factors for central, hemi-central and branch RVOs were similar.

• MeSH
• glaukom * MeSH
• hyperlipidemie * komplikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• hypertenze * komplikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obstrukční spánková apnoe * MeSH
• okluze retinální žíly * epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• trombofilie * komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Ciel: Zistiť efekt opakovaných intravitreálnych aplikácii afliberceptu na endotel rohovky u pacientov s diabetickým makulárnym edémom (DME) a edémom makuly pri oklúzii retinálnej vény (RVO). Metodika: Do prospektívneho sledovania v období od januára 2021 do novembra 2023 bolo zaradených 87 naivných očí s diagnózou DME a RVO. Exklúzne kritérium pre zaradenie bol operačný alebo laserový zákrok počas sledovacieho obdobia, nosenie kontaktných šošoviek, ope rácia katarakty pred menej ako 6 mesiacmi, dystrofie alebo iné ochorenia rohovky, ktoré môžu spôsobiť zmeny endotelu. Okrem rutinných vyšetrení sme v deň 1., 4. a 8. injekcie vyšetrovali aj endotel rohovky pomocou bezkontaktnej endotelovej mikroskopie. Vyhodnocovali sme 4 parametre: hustotu endotelových buniek (CD), hexagonalitu (HEX), koeficient variability (CV) a centrálnu hrúbku rohovky (CCT). Najskôr sme vyhodnocovali celý súbor očí a následne sme ho rozdelili podľa 2 kritérií; podľa diagnózy na DME/RVO a podľa šošovky na fakické/pseu dofakické oči. Výsledky: Vyhodnotených bolo 87 očí (68 pacientov). Priemerný vek pacientov v čase diagnózy bol 66,8 ±9,3 rokov. Z celkového počtu 87 bolo 51 (59 %) fakických a 36 (41 %) pseudofakických očí. S diagnózou DME bolo liečených 61 (70 %) očí a s diagnózou RVO 26 (30 %). V prie behu sledovania nedošlo vplyvom liečby k štatisticky signifikantnej zmene priemerných hodnôt CD, HEX, CV, CCT či už v súbore všetkých očí alebo v rozdelení do podskupín podľa diagnózy či stavu šošovky. Záver: Zistili sme, že intravitreálne aplikácie afliberceptu u pacientov s DME a RVO neovplyvňujú parametre rohovkového endotelu ako CCT, HEX, CD, CV hodnotené pomocou endotelovej mikroskopie pri sledovaní po 8 injekciu.

Aim: To determine the effect of repeated intravitreal injections of aflibercept on the corneal endothelium in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods: In a prospective study conducted between January 2021 and November 2023, a total of 87 treatment-naive eyes with DME and RVO were evaluated. The exclusion criteria were surgery or laser intervention during the follow-up period, contact lens wear, cataract surgery in the last 6 months, dystrophy, or other corneal condition that may cause endothelial damage. In addition to routine examinations on the day of application, we also measured the corneal endothelium using specular microscopy on the 1st, 4th and 8th day of injection. We evaluated 4 parameters: endothelial cell density (CD), hexagonality (HEX), coefficient of variability (CV) and central corneal thickness (CCT). First of all, we evaluated the entire cohort of eyes, and then divided it according to 2 criteria; the diagnosis into DME/RVO and according to the lens status into phakic/pseudophakic eyes. Results: A total of 87 eyes of 68 patients were evaluated. The average age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 66.8 ±9.3 years. Within the cohort 51 (59%) eyes were phakic and 36 (41%) pseudophakic. A total of 61 (70%) eyes with a diagnosis of DME were treated, and 26 (30%) with RVO. During the follow-up, there were no significant changes in the average values of CD, HEX, CV, CCT due to aflibercept treatment, either in the whole group or in subgroups according to diagnosis or lens condition. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that intravitreal administration of aflibercept in patients with DME and RVO did not have an impact on corneal endothelial parameters, including CCT, HEX, CD and CV. These parameters were measured using endothelial microscopy during an 8-injection observation period.

• Klíčová slova
• aflibercept,
• MeSH
• bevacizumab aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• endoteliální buňky účinky léků   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky farmakologie   klasifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• inhibitory angiogeneze * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   klasifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• injekce intravitreální * klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makulární edém chemicky indukované   etiologie   MeSH
• mikroskopie klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• počet buněk MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rohovkový endotel diagnostické zobrazování   účinky léků   MeSH
• vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Cílem retrospektivní desetileté studie je zhodnotit anatomické a funkční výsledky pars plana vitrektomie (PPV) u hemoftalmu (HE) po retinální venózní okluzi (RVO) a zjistit u odchlípení sítnice (OS) při HE po RVO podíl trakce sítnice. U 32 nemocných jsme sledovali anamnestické údaje, předoperační nález, doplňu- jící procedury k PPV, operační a pooperační komplikace. U 12 očí jsme indikovali během PPV vnitřní tamponádu sítnice pro hrozící či vzniklé OS: u 7 očí hexafluorosulfidem (SF6) a u 5 očí silikonovým olejem 5000 cts. Celkem 5 očí bylo reoperováno pro OS. U 12 očí jsme nalezli po PPV elevaci nitroočního tlaku: krátkodobou a dočasnou u 4 očí a dlouhodobou u dalších 8 očí. Emulzifikovaný silikonový olej jsme vypus- tili u 5 očí bez dalších komplikací. Komplikovaná katarakta byla po PPV odstra- něna u 9 nemocných. Výsledky jsme hodnotili u 30 nemocných, kteří se dostavili k závěrečnému vyšet- ření. Konečný průměrný vizus byl 0,21. U 23 očí byla zraková ostrost lepší, u 5 očí stejná a u 2 očí horší. Zhoršení konečného vizu bylo způsobeno na 1 oku makulo- patií a na 1 oku průnikem silikonového oleje pod sítnici. Celkem u 12 očí jsme diagnostikovali během PPV trakční OS. Optimální doba pro indikaci PPV u HE po RVO bez známek ischemie na předním segmentu je 6 měsíců po vzniku HE, kdy je sníženo riziko nepříznivé vitreoretinální trakce na minimum.

The objective of the retrospective ten-year investigation is to evaluate anatomical and functional results of pars plana vitrectomy (PVV) in haemophthalmus (HE) after retinal venous occlusion (RVO), and to assess in detachment of the retina (DR) with HE after RVO, the part played by traction of the retina. In 32 patients the authors assessed anamnestic data , the finding before surgery, supplementary procedures of PPV, surgical and postoperative complications. In 12 eyes they indicated during PPV internal tamponade of the retina on account of imminent or already developed DR: in 7 eyes using hexafluorosulphide(SF6) and in 5 yeyes silicone oil 5000 cts. A total of 5 eyes were reoperated on account of DR. In 12 eyes the authors recorded after PPV a rise of the intraocular pressure, short-term and temporary in 4 eyes and long-term in 8 eyes. The emulsified silicone oil was drained in 5 eyes without further complications. A complicated cataract was eliminated after PPV in 9 patients. The results were evaluated in 30 patients who attended the final examination. The final mean vision was 0.21. In 23 eyes the visual acuity improved, in 5 it was unchanged and in 2 eyes it deteriorated.Deterioration of the final vision was caused in one eye by maculopathy and in one eye by penetration of silicone oil beneath the retina. In a total of 12 eyes the authors diagnosed during PPV tractional DR. The optimal time for indication of PPV in HE after RVO without signs of ischaemia in the anterior segment is six months after the development of HE when the risk of adverse vitreoretinal traction is reduced to a minimum.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odchlípení sítnice patologie   terapie   MeSH
• okluze retinální žíly patologie   terapie   MeSH
• vitrektomie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• oftalmologie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• oftalmologie

Práce byla podpořena grantem IGA_LF_2023_037 a MZ ČR – RVO (FNOl, 00098892). Vztah nespecifických střevních zánětů a vitaminu D je intenzivně studován nejen v souvislosti s kostním metabolismem, ale rovněž ve vztahu k imunopatologickým dějům v gastrointestinálním taktu, k střevní mikrobiotě a také efektivitě léčby zánětlivých střevních onemocnění. Ačkoliv je zřejmé, že nemocní s nespecifickým střevním zánětem často trpí deficitem vitaminu D, není dosud plně objasněno, zda jeho substituce vede ke zlepšení klinického stavu či prognózy těchto jedinců.

The relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and vitamin D is intensively studied, not only in connection with bone metabolism, but also in relation to immunopathological response in the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal microbiota and therapy of underlying disease. Although it is clear that these patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency, it is not yet fully understood, whether vitamin D replacement leads to an improvement in the clinical condition or prognosis of these patients.

• MeSH
• biologická terapie MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty * farmakoterapie   komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lékové interakce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci kostí etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D * komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH