This study investigated 12-year blood lipid trajectories and whether these trajectories are modified by smoking and lipid lowering treatment in older Russians. To do so, we analysed data on 9,218 Russian West-Siberian Caucasians aged 45-69 years at baseline participating in the international HAPIEE cohort study. Mixed-effect multilevel models were used to estimate individual level lipid trajectories across the baseline and two follow-up examinations (16,445 separate measurements over 12 years). In all age groups, we observed a reduction in serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C and non-HDL-C over time even after adjusting for sex, statin treatment, hypertension, diabetes, social factors and mortality (P<0.01). In contrast, serum triglyceride (TG) values increased over time in younger age groups, reached a plateau and decreased in older age groups (> 60 years at baseline). In smokers, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C and TG decreased less markedly than in non-smokers, while HDL-C decreased more rapidly while the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio increased. In subjects treated with lipid-lowering drugs, TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C decreased more markedly and HDL-C less markedly than in untreated subjects while TG and LDL-C/HDL-C remained stable or increased in treatment naïve subjects. We conclude, that in this ageing population we observed marked changes in blood lipids over a 12 year follow up, with decreasing trajectories of TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C and mixed trajectories of TG. The findings suggest that monitoring of age-related trajectories in blood lipids may improve prediction of CVD risk beyond single measurements.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Ageing is a complex phenomenon affecting a wide range of coexisting biological processes. The homogeneity of the studied population is an essential parameter for valid interpretations of outcomes. The presented study capitalises on the MRI data available in the Human Connectome Project-Aging (HCP-A) and, within individuals over 55 years of age who passed the HCP-A section criteria, compares a subgroup of 37 apparently neurocognitively healthy individuals selected based on stringent criteria with 37 age and sex-matched individuals still representative of typical ageing but who did not pass the stringent definition of neurocognitively healthy. Specifically, structural scans, diffusion weighted imaging and T1w/T2w ratio were utilised. Furthermore, data of 26 HCP-A participants older than 90 years as notional 'super-agers' were analysed. The relationship of age and several microstructural MRI metrics (T1w/T2w ratio, mean diffusivity, intracellular volume fraction and free water volume fraction) differed significantly between typical and healthy ageing cohort in areas highly relevant for ageing such as hippocampus, prefrontal and temporal cortex and cerebellum. However, the trajectories of the healthy ageing population did not show substantially better overlap with the findings in people older than 90 than those of the typical population. Therefore, caution must be exercised in the choice of adequate study group characteristics relevant for respective ageing-related hypotheses. Contrary to typical ageing group, the healthy ageing cohort may show generally stable levels of several MRI metrics of interest.

• MeSH
• kognice * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• šedá hmota * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí * fyziologie   MeSH
• zdravé stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

AIMS: We aimed to investigate the association of household crowding in childhood with trajectories of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: We studied 47,010 participants (56 % women, 63 years at baseline) from SHARE. Using multinomial logistic regression, we estimated odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the association of household crowding in childhood (number of household members/number of rooms at the age of 10) with trajectories of depressive symptoms (EURO-D scale), which were generated with growth mixture modeling. We adjusted for resources in childhood, sociodemographic and health-related characteristics in mid-life and older age and tested effect modification by sex. RESULTS: We identified four trajectories of depressive symptoms: constantly low (n = 33,969), decreasing (n = 5595), increasing (n = 5574) and constantly high (n = 1872). When compared to the those with constantly low depressive symptoms and adjusting for all covariates, household crowding in childhood was associated with greater odds of constantly high (OR 1.12; 95 % CI 1.08-1.17), decreasing (OR 1.11; 95 % CI 1.07-1.15) and increasing (OR 1.09; 95 % CI 1.06-1.13) depressive symptoms. The associations were stronger in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention of household crowding in childhood may ameliorate the development of constant as well as transient depressive symptoms during ageing. The effect can be stronger in women than in men.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky rodiny MeSH
• deprese * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nahuštění v prostoru * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

BACKGROUND: The number of older people with cognitive impairment is increasing worldwide. Impaired lung function might be associated with cognitive decline in older age; however, results from large longitudinal studies are lacking. In this study, we examined the longitudinal associations between pulmonary function and the trajectories of cognitive decline using prospective population-based SHARE data from 14 countries. METHODS: The analytic sample included N = 32,049 older adults (Mean age at baseline = 64.76 years). The dependent variable was cognitive performance, measured repeatedly across six waves in three domains: verbal fluency, memory, and numeracy. The main predictor of interest was peak expiratory flow (PEF). The data were analyzed in a multilevel accelerated longitudinal design, with models adjusted for a variety of covariates. RESULTS: A lower PEF score was associated with lower cognitive performance for each domain as well as a lower global cognitive score. These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for all covariates Q4 vs Q1 verbal fluency: unstandardized coefficient B = -3.15; numeracy: B = -0.52; memory: B = -0.64; global cognitive score B = -2.65, all p < .001). However, the PEF score was not found to be associated with the rate of decline for either of the cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In this large multi-national longitudinal study, the PEF score was independently associated with lower levels of cognitive functions, but it did not predict a future decline. The results suggest that pre-existing differences in lung functions are responsible for variability in cognitive functions and that these differences remained stable across aging.

• MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• plíce MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Aims: To investigate the associations of physical-activity trajectories with the level of cognitive performance and its decline in adults 50 years of age or older. Methods: We studied 38729 individuals (63 ± 9 years; 57% women) enrolled in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Physical activity was self-reported and cognitive performance was assessed based on immediate recall, verbal fluency, and delayed recall. Physical-activity trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modelling and linear mixed effects models were used to investigate the associations between the trajectories and cognitive performance. Results: The models identified two physical-activity trajectories of physical activity: constantly-high physical activity (N=27634: 71%) and decreasing physical activity (N=11095; 29%). Results showed that participants in the decreasing physical-activity group exhibited a lower level of cognitive performance compared to the high physical-activity group (immediate recall: ß=0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.92 to 0.95; verbal fluency: ß=0.98; 95% CI=0.97 to 0.98; delayed recall: ß=0.95; 95% CI=0.94 to 0.97). Moreover, compared with participants in the constantly-high physical-activity group, participants in the decreasing physical-activity group showed a steeper decline in all cognitive measures (immediate recall: ß=-0.04; 95% CI=-0.05 to -0.04; verbal fluency: ß=-0.22; 95% CI=-0.24 to -0.21; delayed recall: ß=-0.04; 95% CI=-0.05 to -0.04). Conclusions: Physical-activity trajectories are associated with the level and evolution of cognitive performance in adults over 50 years. Specifically, our findings suggest that a decline in physical activity over multiple years is associated with a lower level and a steeper decline in cognitive performance.

• MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * epidemiologie   MeSH
• krátkodobá paměť MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cíl: Zjistit hodnocení kvality života a faktory, které ji ovlivňují, u pacientů s demencí (PsD) a bez demence a zda důstojnost patří mezi tyto faktory. Definovat prediktory změny kvality života během 2 let. Soubor a metodika: Soubor tvořilo 294 PsD (37,1 % mužů; věk 79,6 ± 7,5 let; MMSE 22,7 ± 1,7) a 329 pacientů bez demence (30,1 % mužů; věk 72,7 ± 7,0 let; MMSE 29,2± 1,3). Byl použit prospektivní longitudinální design (tři měření během 2 let). Dotazníkový soubor zahrnoval české verze standardizovaných nástrojů pro kvalitu života, depresi, důstojnost, postoje ke stárnutí, fyzickou zdatnost, soběstačnost, bolest a soubor sociodemografických dat. Pro statistické zpracování byly použity párový t-test, chí-kvadrát, Shapiro-Wilkovův a Durbin-Watsonův test a multivariantní lineární regrese. Výsledky: Deprese ovlivňovala kvalitu života u obou skupin respondentů. PsD měli vyšší kvalitu života dále spojenou s pozitivnějším hodnocením důstojnosti, lepší soběstačností (u všech p < 0,001) a pozitivnějším postojem ke stárnutí (p = 0,011). Ke zhoršení kvality života došlo za 2 roky pouze u PsD (p < 0,001). Prediktory zhoršení byly mužské pohlaví (p = 0,021), samota ≥ 8 h denně (p = 0,001), život bez partnera (p < 0,001), nižší frekvence návštěv (p = 0,039) a vyšší kvalita života při vstupním měření (p < 0,001). Závěr: Důstojnost patří u PsD mezi významné faktory kvality života. Sociální vztahy a společenské zapojení mají pro udržení kvality života v dlouhodobější perspektivě zásadní význam.

Aim: To assess the quality of life (QoL) and the factors affecting QoL in patients with dementia (PwD) and without dementia, and if dignity belongs to these factors. To define predictors of QoL change over 2 years. Participants and Methods: The set consisted of 294 PwD (37.1% males; age 79.6 ± 7.5 years; MMSE 22.7 ± 1.7) and 329 patients without dementia (30.1% males; age 72.7 ± 7.0 years; MMSE 29.2 ± 1.3). Prospective longitudinal design (three measurements over 2 years) was used. The questionnaire set included Czech versions of standardized tools for QoL, depression, dignity, attitudes towards aging, physical fitness, self-sufficiency, pain, and a set of socio-demographic data. Paired t-test, chi-square test, Shapiro-Wilk test, Durbin-Watson test, and multivariate linear regression were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Depression influenced QoL in both groups of respondents. PwD had a higher QoL also associated with a more positive assessment of dignity, better self-sufficiency (all P < 0.001), and a more positive attitude towards aging (P = 0.011). QoL got worse during 2 years only in PwD (P < 0.001). Predictors of deterioration in QoL were male gender (P = 0.021), loneliness ≥ 8 h per day (P = 0.001), partner-free life (P < 0.001), lower frequency of visits (P = 0.039), and higher QoL at baseline (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Dignity belongs to significant factors of QoL in PwD. Social relationships and social engagement are essential for maintaining the QoL long-term.

• MeSH
• demence * MeSH
• důstojnost lidského života MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• zapojení do společnosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: The answer to the question "At what age does aging begin?" is tightly related to the question "Where is the onset of mortality increase with age?" Age affects mortality rates from all diseases differently than it affects mortality rates from nonbiological causes. Mortality increase with age in adult populations has been modeled by many authors, and little attention has been given to mortality decrease with age after birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nonbiological causes are excluded, and the category "all diseases" is studied. It is analyzed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden during the period 1994-2011, and all possible models are screened. Age trajectories of mortality are analyzed separately: before the age category where mortality reaches its minimal value and after the age category. RESULTS: Resulting age trajectories from all diseases showed a strong minimum, which was hidden in total mortality. The inverse proportion between mortality and age fitted in 54 of 58 cases before mortality minimum. The Gompertz model with two parameters fitted as mortality increased with age in 17 of 58 cases after mortality minimum, and the Gompertz model with a small positive quadratic term fitted data in the remaining 41 cases. The mean age where mortality reached minimal value was 8 (95% confidence interval 7.05-8.95) years. The figures depict an age where the human population has a minimal risk of death from biological causes. CONCLUSION: Inverse proportion and the Gompertz model fitted data on both sides of the mortality minimum, and three parameters determined the shape of the age-mortality trajectory. Life expectancy should be determined by the two standard Gompertz parameters and also by the single parameter in the model c/x. All-disease mortality represents an alternative tool to study the impact of age. All results are based on published data.

• MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita trendy   MeSH
• naděje dožití trendy   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• statistické modely MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Skandinávie a severské státy epidemiologie   MeSH

The occurrence of depression is influenced by social relationships, however, most studies focus on individuals, not couples. We aimed to study how depressive symptoms of couples evolve over time and determine, which characteristics are associated with their distinct trajectories. A multi-centric cohort sample of 11,136 heterosexual couples (mean age = 60.76) from 16 European countries was followed for up to 12 years (SHARE study). Information on depressive symptoms measured by EURO-D scale was collected every 2 years. Dyadic growth mixture modeling extracted four distinct classes of couples: both non-depressed (76.91%); only women having consistently high depressive symptoms while men having consistently low depressive symptoms (8.08%); both having increasing depressive symptoms (7.83%); and both having decreasing depressive symptoms (7.18%). Couples with increasing depressive symptoms had the highest prevalence of relationship dissolution and bereavement. In comparison to the nondepressed class, individuals with any depressive symptoms were less psychologically and physically well. Our results suggest that distinct mechanisms are responsible for couples' various longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms.

• MeSH
• deprese * diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Age trajectories of total mortality represent an irreplaceable source of information about the relationship between mortality and age. Total mortality includes death from external causes. Age affects mortality from all diseases differently than it affects mortality from external causes. This study examines mortality with external causes excluded. The resulting category of all-diseases is examined as a helpful tool to better understand the relationship between mortality and age. Age trajectories of all-diseases mortality are studied in Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. Resulting age trajectories of all-diseases mortality show a strong minimum that is hidden in all-causes mortality. Two deterministic models fit the resulting age trajectories of mortality on either side of the strong mortality minimum. The inverse proportion between mortality and age is used from birth to the age when all-diseases mortality reaches the minimum value. The Gompertz relationship fits age trajectories of all-diseases mortality in 93 out of 183 cases. When extended with a small quadratic element, the Gompertz model is used to fit the remaining 90 cases.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita trendy   MeSH
• naděje dožití trendy   MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• stárnutí patologie   MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Maďarsko MeSH
• Polsko MeSH
• Rakousko MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: As the ageing population grows, it is important to identify strategies to moderate cognitive ageing. OBJECTIVE: We examined glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and diabetes in relation to level and change in episodic memory in older adults with and without diabetes. METHODS: Data from 4419 older adults with (n=950) and without (n=3469) diabetes participating in a nationally representative longitudinal panel study (the Health and Retirement Study) were examined. Average baseline age was 72.66 years and 58% were women. HbA1c was measured in 2006 and episodic memory was measured using immediate and delayed list recall over 4 biennial waves between 2006 and 2012. Growth curve models were used to assess trajectories of episodic memory change. RESULTS: In growth curve models adjusted for age, sex, education, race, depressive symptoms and waist circumference, higher HbA1c levels and having diabetes were associated with poorer baseline episodic memory (p=0.036 and <0.001, respectively) and greater episodic memory decline (p=0.006 and 0.004, respectively). The effect of HbA1c on episodic memory decline was smaller than the effect of age. The results were stronger for women than men and were not modified by age or race. When the main analyses were estimated for those with and without diabetes separately, HbA1c was significantly linked to change in episodic memory only among those with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Higher HbA1c and diabetes were both associated with declines in episodic memory, with this relationship further exacerbated by having diabetes and elevated HbA1c. HbA1c appeared more important for episodic memory performance among women than men.

• MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• diabetes mellitus krev   MeSH
• epizodická paměť * MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin metabolismus   MeSH
• kognitivní stárnutí * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH