Úvod: Valvuloplastika aortálnej chlopne s extenziou cípov sa rutinne používa v liečbe chýb aortálnej chlopne u detí a dospievajúcich. Materiál použitý na valvuloplastiku môže ovplyvniť funkciu aortálnej chlopne a jej trvácnosť. Ciele: Zhodnotiť dlhodobé výsledky valvuloplastiky aortálnej chlopne technikou extenzie cípov pomocou autológneho perikardu alebo polytetraflóretylénu (Ptfe) a odhaliť rizikové faktory vedúce k reoperácii aortálnej chlopne na našom pracovisku. Metódy: retrospektívna analýza 89 pacientov, ktorí sa podrobili valvuloplastike aortálnej chlopne technikou extenzie cípov pomocou autológneho perikardu alebo Ptfe na našom pracovisku v období 2005 – 2023. Výsledky: 89 pacientov (75 % mužského pohlavia) sa podrobilo valvuloplastike aortálnej chlopne technikou extenzie cípov pomocou autológneho perikardu (n = 42) alebo Ptfe (n = 47). Medián veku pacientov bol 14 rokov (iQr: 7 mesiacov – 26 rokov). Počas strednej dĺžky sledovania 13,3 roka (iQr: 1 mesiac – 18 rokov) sme zaznamenali 4 úmrtia a u 41 (46 %) pacientov bola potrebná reoperácia priemerne 7,8 ± 4,2 roka od primárnej operácie. V skupine s autológnym perikardom to nastalo u 24 (57 %) pacientov a v skupine s Ptfe u 17 (36 %) pacientov. celkové prežívanie pacientov v čase 18 rokov od operácie bolo 95 %. reoperovanosť v celom súbore v 5 rokoch od operácie bola 12,4 %, v 10 rokoch 43 % a v 15 rokoch 64,6 %. Pri multivariabilnej coxovej analýze boli identifikované nasledujúce rizikové faktory pre reoperáciu na aortálnej chlopni: aortálna insuficiencia ako primárna diagnóza, diameter aortálnej chlopne, infekčná endokarditída, dĺžka klemu na aorte a mimotelového obehu a predchádzajúca valvuloplastika v minulosti. Záver: Dlhodobé výsledky aortálnej valvuloplastiky technikou extenzie cípov pomocou autológneho perikardu alebo Ptfe u pacientov s vrodenou chybou aortálnej chlopne odrážajú vynikajúce prežívanie bez významného rozdielu z hľadiska výskytu reoperácií kvôli dysfunkcii aortálnej chlopne medzi obomi skupinami pacientov.

Background: Aortic valve repair with leaflet extension is routinely utilized in the management of aortic valve disease in children and adolescents. The material chosen may have an effect on the valve function and durability. Aims: To evaluate long-term outcomes of aortic valve repair using autologous pericardium and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) leaflet extensions and to investigate risk factors for aortic valve reoperation at single centre. Methods: A retrospective single-centre review of 89 patients undergoing aortic valvuloplasty by leaflet extensions with either autologous pericardium or PTFE from 2005 to 2023. Results: Eighty-nine patients (75% male) underwent aortic leaflet extension valvuloplasty, using either autologous pericardium (n = 42) or PTFE (n = 47). Median age was 14 years (IQR: 7 months-26 years). During median follow-up duration of 13.3 years (IQR: 1 month-18 years), there were 4 deaths and 41 (46%) patients required reoperation at a mean of 7.8 ± 4.2 years, 24 (57%) within autologous pericardium group, and 17 (36%) within PTFE group. Overall survival at 18 years was 95%. Overall reoperation-free survival at 5, 10 and 15 years was 87.6%, 57%, and 35.4%, respectively. Multivariable Cox analysis identified primary diagnosis of aortic regurgitation, aortic annulus diameter, infective endocarditis, aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass time, and preoperative aortic surgical valvuloplasty as risk factors for aortic valve reoperation. Conclusions: Long-term results of aortic leaflet extension valvuloplasty, utilizing either autologous pericardium or PTFE, in patients with congenital aortic valve disease suggest excellent survival with no significant difference in the reoperation rate for aortic valve dysfunction between the groups.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• aortální chlopeň chirurgie   MeSH
• chirurgická náhrada chlopně metody   mortalita   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
• katetrizace * metody   mortalita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• onemocnění aortální chlopně * chirurgie   mortalita   vrozené   MeSH
• polytetrafluoroethylen terapeutické užití   MeSH
• reoperace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: The cannulation of the internal jugular vein (IJV) is a frequent procedure in critically ill patients. According to the guidelines, real-time ultrasound navigation is recommended. Traditional techniques pose several disadvantages, such as suboptimal needle visualization. Therefore, this non-inferiority trial aimed to describe the novel approach and compare the novel lateral in-plane short-axis approach for IJV access with the conventional short-axis out-of-plane approach. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of the trial was to prove that the first attempt success rate in the novel technique is non-inferior to the conventional technique. The secondary objectives were to demonstrate that the complication rate and the functional duration of the catheter in the novel technique are not inferior to those in the conventional technique. METHODS: Patients eligible for IJV cannulation were randomly assigned to either the novel technique (Group A) or the conventional one (Group B). The procedure duration, success rate and the number of attempts required were documented. The functionality of the catheter and complications were monitored from insertion until the catheter removal. Standard descriptive statistical methods were employed for the analysis. RESULTS: A total of 200 subjects were equally divided between Group A and Group B. For the primary outcome, there was no significant difference in first attempt success rate (Group A: 79, Group B: 77, p = 0.434). Secondary outcomes, including complications and catheter functional time, did not differ significantly between the groups. However, the novel technique demonstrated a significantly faster procedure time (Group A: 315 s, Group B: 330 s, p = 0.016). Notably, the novel approach was linked with significantly larger IJV diameter measured during the procedure (Group A: 18.2 mm, Group B: 12.1 mm, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The novel lateral in-plane short-axis approach for IJV cannulation is a non-inferior alternative with a lower incidence of posterior vessel wall puncture compared to the conventional approach.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Critical care of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with acute brain injury (ABI) is notable for a lack of high-quality clinical evidence. Here, we offer guidelines for neurological care (neurological monitoring and management) of adults during and after ECMO support. METHODS: These guidelines are based on clinical practice consensus recommendations and scientific statements. We convened an international multidisciplinary consensus panel including 30 clinician-scientists with expertise in ECMO from all chapters of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO). We used a modified Delphi process with three rounds of voting and asked panelists to assess the recommendation levels. RESULTS: We identified five key clinical areas needing guidance: (1) neurological monitoring, (2) post-cannulation early physiological targets and ABI, (3) neurological therapy including medical and surgical intervention, (4) neurological prognostication, and (5) neurological follow-up and outcomes. The consensus produced 30 statements and recommendations regarding key clinical areas. We identified several knowledge gaps to shape future research efforts. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of ABI on morbidity and mortality in ECMO patients is significant. Particularly, early detection and timely intervention are crucial for improving outcomes. These consensus recommendations and scientific statements serve to guide the neurological monitoring and prevention of ABI, and management strategy of ECMO-associated ABI.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• konsensus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mimotělní membránová oxygenace * metody   normy   MeSH
• monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody   MeSH
• péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu normy   metody   MeSH
• poranění mozku terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous rhizotomy of the Gasserian ganglion is a well-established intervention for patients suffering from refractory trigeminal pain, not amenable to pharmacological management or microvascular decompression. Traditionally conducted under fluoroscopic guidance using Hartel's technique, this study investigates a modified approach employing low-dose CT guidance to achieve maximal procedural precision and safety with the emphasis on minimizing radiation exposure. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing percutaneous rhizotomy of the Gasserian ganglion at our institution was undertaken. Procedures were divided into fluoroscopy and CT-guided foramen ovale (FO) cannulation cohorts. Radiation doses were assessed, excluding cases with incomplete data. The study included 32 procedures in the fluoroscopy group and 30 in the CT group. RESULTS: In the CT-guided group, the median effective dose was 0.21 mSv. The median number of CT scans per procedure was 4.5, and the median procedure time was 15 min. Successful FO cannulation was achieved in all 30 procedures (100%). In the fluoroscopy group, the median effective dose was 0.022 mSv, and the median procedure time was 15 min. Cannulation of FO was successful in 31 of 32 procedures (96.9%). The only complications in the CT-guided group were three minor cheek hematomas. Immediate pain relief in the CT-guided group was reported in 25 of 30 procedures (83.3%), 22 of 30 (73.3%) provided relief at one month, and 10 of 18 (55.6%) procedures resulting in pain relief at one month continued to provide relief after two years. CONCLUSION: Low-dose CT-guided percutaneous rhizotomy conducted in the radiology suite carries negligible radiation exposure for patients and eliminates it for personnel. This method is fast, simple, precise, and carries a very low risk of complications.

• MeSH
• dávka záření MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fluoroskopie metody   MeSH
• ganglion trigeminale chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuralgie trigeminu * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   radioterapie   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie * metody   MeSH
• radiační expozice * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizotomie * metody   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Persistent withdrawal occlusion (PWO) is a specific catheter malfunction characterized by the inability to withdraw blood through the device. The most common cause of PWO in ports is the presence of a fibroblastic sleeve (FS). If malfunction occurs, medication can be applied incorrectly with the increased risk of complications. METHODS: One hundred seventy-seven cases of PWO in venous ports were managed. We focused on evaluating the cause of PWO, the frequency of occurrence of FS, and the options to address the malfunction. The patients underwent fluoroscopy with a contrast agent administration. Mechanical disruption (MD) with a syringe of saline using the flush method was used; in case of its failure, subsequent administration of a lock solution with taurolidine and urokinase, or low-dose thrombolysis with alteplase was indicated. Demographic data were compared with a control group. RESULTS: A significantly higher proportion of female patients was found in the cohort of patients with PWO (80.3% vs 66.3%, p = 0.004), dominantly patients with ovarian cancer (12.8% vs 4.8%, p = 0.022). No effect of the cannulated vein or the type of treatment on the incidence of PWO was demonstrated. The presence of FS was verified in 70% of cases. MD with a syringe was successful in 53.5% of cases. A significantly shorter time to referral (3 weeks) was demonstrated with successful management. The overall success rate of achieving desobliteration by MD alone or in combination with a thrombolytic (urokinase or alteplase) administration was 97.4%. CONCLUSION: We created a method for resolving PWO using MD +/- application of thrombolytics with 97.4% success rate. Current evidence showed that FS is not likely to be affected by thrombolytic drugs; however, we have ascertained an effect of these drugs, proposing a hypothesis of microthrombotic events at the tip of the catheter if fibroblastic sleeve is present.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• katetrizace centrálních vén škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• neprůchodnost katétru etiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zaváděcí katétry škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Critical care of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with acute brain injury (ABI) is notable for a lack of high-quality clinical evidence. Here, we offer guidelines for neurological care (neurological monitoring and management) of adults during and after ECMO support. METHODS: These guidelines are based on clinical practice consensus recommendations and scientific statements. We convened an international multidisciplinary consensus panel including 30 clinician-scientists with expertise in ECMO from all chapters of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO). We used a modified Delphi process with three rounds of voting and asked panelists to assess the recommendation levels. RESULTS: We identified five key clinical areas needing guidance: (1) neurological monitoring, (2) post-cannulation early physiological targets and ABI, (3) neurological therapy including medical and surgical intervention, (4) neurological prognostication, and (5) neurological follow-up and outcomes. The consensus produced 30 statements and recommendations regarding key clinical areas. We identified several knowledge gaps to shape future research efforts. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of ABI on morbidity and mortality in ECMO patients is significant. Particularly, early detection and timely intervention are crucial for improving outcomes. These consensus recommendations and scientific statements serve to guide the neurological monitoring and prevention of ABI, and management strategy of ECMO-associated ABI.

• MeSH
• delfská metoda MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• konsensus * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mimotělní membránová oxygenace * metody   normy   MeSH
• monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody   normy   MeSH
• poranění mozku terapie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with femoral access is obtained through unilateral or bilateral groin cannulation. Whether one cannulation strategy is associated with a lower risk for limb ischemia remains unknown. We aim to assess if one strategy is preferable. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study based on the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry. SETTING: ECMO centers worldwide included in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry. PATIENTS: All adult patients (≥ 18 yr) who received peripheral venoarterial ECMO with femoral access and were included from 2014 to 2020. INTERVENTIONS: Unilateral or bilateral femoral cannulation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was the occurrence of limb ischemia defined as a composite endpoint including the need for a distal perfusion cannula (DPC) after 6 hours from implantation, compartment syndrome/fasciotomy, amputation, revascularization, and thrombectomy. Secondary endpoints included bleeding at the peripheral cannulation site, need for vessel repair, vessel repair after decannulation, and in-hospital death. Propensity score matching was performed to account for confounders. Overall, 19,093 patients underwent peripheral venoarterial ECMO through unilateral ( n = 11,965) or bilateral ( n = 7,128) femoral cannulation. Limb ischemia requiring any intervention was not different between both groups (bilateral vs unilateral: odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.82-1.02). However, there was a lower rate of compartment syndrome/fasciotomy in the bilateral group (bilateral vs unilateral: OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.97). Bilateral cannulation was also associated with lower odds of cannulation site bleeding (bilateral vs unilateral: OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76-0.99), vessel repair (bilateral vs unilateral: OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.38-0.79), and in-hospital mortality (bilateral vs unilateral: OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81-0.91) compared with unilateral cannulation. These findings were unchanged after propensity matching. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no risk reduction for overall limb ischemia-related events requiring DPC after 6 hours when comparing bilateral to unilateral femoral cannulation in peripheral venoarterial ECMO. However, bilateral cannulation was associated with a reduced risk for compartment syndrome/fasciotomy, lower rates of bleeding and vessel repair during ECMO, and lower in-hospital mortality.

• MeSH
• arteria femoralis MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ischemie etiologie   MeSH
• kompartment syndrom * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mimotělní membránová oxygenace * metody   MeSH
• mortalita v nemocnicích MeSH
• periferní katetrizace * metody   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Cerebral perfusion may change depending on arterial cannulation site and may affect the incidence of neurologic adverse events in post-cardiotomy extracorporeal life support (ECLS). The current study compares patients' neurologic outcomes with three commonly used arterial cannulation strategies (aortic vs. subclavian/axillary vs. femoral artery) to evaluate if each ECLS configuration is associated with different rates of neurologic complications. METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter (34 centers), observational study included adults requiring post-cardiotomy ECLS between January 2000 and December 2020 present in the Post-Cardiotomy Extracorporeal Life Support (PELS) Study database. Patients with Aortic, Subclavian/Axillary and Femoral cannulation were compared on the incidence of a composite neurological end-point (ischemic stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, brain edema). Secondary outcomes were overall in-hospital mortality, neurologic complications as cause of in-hospital death, and post-operative minor neurologic complications (seizures). Association between cannulation and neurological outcomes were investigated through linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: This study included 1897 patients comprising 26.5% Aortic (n = 503), 20.9% Subclavian/Axillary (n = 397) and 52.6% Femoral (n = 997) cannulations. The Subclavian/Axillary group featured a more frequent history of hypertension, smoking, diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, dialysis, peripheral artery disease and previous stroke. Neuro-monitoring was used infrequently in all groups. Major neurologic complications were more frequent in Subclavian/Axillary (Aortic: n = 79, 15.8%; Subclavian/Axillary: n = 78, 19.6%; Femoral: n = 118, 11.9%; p < 0.001) also after mixed-effects model adjustment (OR 1.53 [95% CI 1.02-2.31], p = 0.041). Seizures were more common in Subclavian/Axillary (n = 13, 3.4%) than Aortic (n = 9, 1.8%) and Femoral cannulation (n = 12, 1.3%, p = 0.036). In-hospital mortality was higher after Aortic cannulation (Aortic: n = 344, 68.4%, Subclavian/Axillary: n = 223, 56.2%, Femoral: n = 587, 58.9%, p < 0.001), as shown by Kaplan-Meier curves. Anyhow, neurologic cause of death (Aortic: n = 12, 3.9%, Subclavian/Axillary: n = 14, 6.6%, Femoral: n = 28, 5.0%, p = 0.433) was similar. CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis of the PELS Study, Subclavian/Axillary cannulation was associated with higher rates of major neurologic complications and seizures. In-hospital mortality was higher after Aortic cannulation, despite no significant differences in incidence of neurological cause of death in these patients. These results encourage vigilance for neurologic complications and neuromonitoring use in patients on ECLS, especially with Subclavian/Axillary cannulation.

• MeSH
• aorta * MeSH
• arteria femoralis * MeSH
• arteria subclavia MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiochirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• katetrizace metody   škodlivé účinky   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mimotělní membránová oxygenace * metody   škodlivé účinky   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• mortalita v nemocnicích trendy   MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému etiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• periferní katetrizace metody   škodlivé účinky   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

Limb ischaemia is a clinically relevant complication of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) with femoral artery cannulation. No selective distal perfusion or other advanced techniques were used in the past to maintain adequate distal limb perfusion. A more recent trend is the shift from the reactive or emergency management to the pro-active or prophylactic placement of a distal perfusion cannula to avoid or reduce limb ischaemia-related complications. Multiple alternative cannulation techniques to the distal perfusion cannula have been developed to maintain distal limb perfusion, including end-to-side grafting, external or endovascular femoro-femoral bypass, retrograde limb perfusion (e.g., via the posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis or anterior tibial artery), and, more recently, use of a bidirectional cannula. Venous congestion has also been recognized as a potential contributing factor to limb ischaemia development and specific techniques have been described with facilitated venous drainage or bilateral cannulation being the most recent, to reduce or avoid venous stasis as a contributor to impaired limb perfusion. Advances in monitoring techniques, such as near-infrared spectroscopy and duplex ultrasound analysis, have been applied to improve decision-making regarding both the monitoring and management of limb ischaemia. This narrative review describes the evolution of techniques used for distal limb perfusion during peripheral VA ECMO.

• MeSH
• arteria femoralis * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ischemie prevence a kontrola   etiologie   MeSH
• katetrizace metody   MeSH
• končetiny krevní zásobení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mimotělní membránová oxygenace * metody   MeSH
• perfuze metody   MeSH
• periferní katetrizace metody   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Post-cardiotomy extracorporeal life support (ECLS) cannulation might occur in a general post-operative ward due to emergent conditions. Its characteristics have been poorly reported and investigated This study investigates the characteristics and outcomes of adult patients receiving ECLS cannulation in a general post-operative cardiac ward. METHODS: The Post-cardiotomy Extracorporeal Life Support (PELS) is a retrospective (2000-2020), multicenter (34 centers), observational study including adult patients who required ECLS for post-cardiotomy shock. This PELS sub-analysis analyzed patients ́ characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, and long-term survival in patients cannulated for veno-arterial ECLS in the general ward, and further compared in-hospital survivors and non-survivors. RESULTS: The PELS study included 2058 patients of whom 39 (1.9%) were cannulated in the general ward. Most patients underwent isolated coronary bypass grafting (CABG, n = 15, 38.5%) or isolated non-CABG operations (n = 20, 51.3%). The main indications to initiate ECLS included cardiac arrest (n = 17, 44.7%) and cardiogenic shock (n = 14, 35.9%). ECLS cannulation occurred after a median time of 4 (2-7) days post-operatively. Most patients' courses were complicated by acute kidney injury (n = 23, 59%), arrhythmias (n = 19, 48.7%), and postoperative bleeding (n = 20, 51.3%). In-hospital mortality was 84.6% (n = 33) with persistent heart failure (n = 11, 28.2%) as the most common cause of death. No peculiar differences were observed between in-hospital survivors and nonsurvivors. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that ECLS cannulation due to post-cardiotomy emergent adverse events in the general ward is rare, mainly occurring in preoperative low-risk patients and after a postoperative cardiac arrest. High complication rates and low in-hospital survival require further investigations to identify patients at risk for such a complication, optimize resources, enhance intervention, and improve outcomes.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiochirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kardiogenní šok * terapie   etiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• katetrizace * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mimotělní membránová oxygenace * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• mortalita v nemocnicích MeSH
• pooperační komplikace etiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH