Chen, D S*
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Vitamin D, either in its D2 or D3 form, is essential for normal human development during intrauterine life, kidney function and bone health. Vitamin D deficiency has also been linked to cancer development and some autoimmune diseases. Given this huge impact of vitamin D on human health, it is important for daily clinical practice and clinical research to have reliable tools to judge on the vitamin D status. The major circulating form of vitamin D is 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), although it is not the most active metabolite, the concentrations of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the serum are currently routinely used in clinical practice to assess vitamin D status. In the circulation, vitamin D - like other steroid hormones - is bound tightly to a special carrier - vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). Smaller amounts are bound to blood proteins - albumin and lipoproteins. Only very tiny amounts of the total vitamin D are free and potentially biologically active. Currently used vitamin D assays do not distinguish between the three forms of vitamin D - DBP-bound vitamin D, albumin-bound vitamin D and free, biologically active vitamin D. Diseases or conditions that affect the synthesis of DBP or albumin thus have a huge impact on the amount of circulating total vitamin D. DBP and albumin are synthesized in the liver, hence all patients with an impairment of liver function have alterations in their total vitamin D blood concentrations, while free vitamin D levels remain mostly constant. Sex steroids, in particular estrogens, stimulate the synthesis of DBP. This explains why total vitamin D concentrations are higher during pregnancy as compared to non-pregnant women, while the concentrations of free vitamin D remain similar in both groups of women. The vitamin D-DBP as well as vitamin D-albumin complexes are filtered through the glomeruli and re-uptaken by megalin in the proximal tubule. Therefore, all acute and chronic kidney diseases that are characterized by a tubular damage, are associated with a loss of vitamin D-DBP complexes in the urine. Finally, the gene encoding DBP protein is highly polymorphic in different human racial groups. In the current review, we will discuss how liver function, estrogens, kidney function and the genetic background might influence total circulating vitamin D levels and will discuss what vitamin D metabolite is more appropriate to measure under these conditions: free vitamin D or total vitamin D.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu D krev diagnóza MeSH
- protein vázající vitamin D metabolismus MeSH
- vitamin D analogy a deriváty krev MeSH
- vitaminy krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
XIV, 270 s.
- MeSH
- fraktury kostí krev metabolismus MeSH
- hyperparatyreóza komplikace MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu D krev metabolismus mortalita MeSH
- parathormon krev MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sekundární hyperparatyreóza krev metabolismus mortalita MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vitamin D analogy a deriváty krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- souhrny MeSH
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common disease during pregnancy that has adverse effects on both the mother and fetus. There are currently rare researches on the effect of vitamin supplementation on GDM pregnant mother and their offspring on animal and cell levels systematically. This work supplemented the GDM pregnant mouse model with vitamin D and found that vitamin D can effectively alleviate the hyperglycemia in GDM pregnant mice, increase blood insulin and adiponectin concentrations, and improve GTT and ITT in pregnant mice. In addition, vitamin D can reduce the incidence of death and high birth weight of offspring caused by GDM. The offspring of GDM pregnant mice had higher blood glucose levels in the first 5 weeks after birth compared to the normal group, and then returned to normal levels. Vitamin D can alleviate abnormal glucose metabolism in newborn mice. The therapeutic effect exhibited by vitamin D may be due to their anti-inflammatory effects, as vitamin D supplementation significantly reduces the levels of TFN-?, MCP-1, IL-1? and IL-8 in the blood. Vitamin D also regulates liver lipid metabolism, resulting in a decrease in liver lipid accumulation and a decrease in blood triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (CHO). The results of this study demonstrate that vitamin D supplementation can serve as an effective treatment strategy for alleviating GDM symptoms. Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Vitamin D, Glucose metabolism, Anti-inflammatory.
- MeSH
- gestační diabetes * metabolismus prevence a kontrola krev farmakoterapie MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- krevní glukóza * metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vitamin D * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
270 s. : barev. obr.Rejstřík.
- MeSH
- folikulární papilární karcinom * epidemiologie radioterapie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory štítné žlázy * epidemiologie radioterapie MeSH
- program SEER MeSH
- radioizotopy jodu * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sekundární malignity * epidemiologie MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- souhrny MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
Grey mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a widespread and harmful disease of tomato. Biocontrol agents derived from endophytic bacteria are known to hold great potential for inhibition of phytopathogen. We conducted this study to explore the tomato endophytic strains with inhibition activity against B. cinerea. Endophytic strain Bacillus velezensis FQ-G3 exhibited excellent inhibition activity against B. cinerea. Inhibitory effects against B. cinerea were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro assays displayed that FQ-G3 could significantly inhibit mycelia growth with inhibition rate of 85.93%, and delay conidia germination of B. cinerea. Tomato fruit inoculated with B. velezensis FQ-G3 revealed lower grey mold during treatment. The antifungal activity was attributed to activation of defense-related enzymes, as evidenced by the higher levels of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in tomatoes after inoculation. In addition, scanning electron microscope was applied to elucidate the interaction between endophytes and pathogen, and bacterial colonization and antibiosis appeared to be the underlying mechanisms that FQ-G3 could suppress growth of B. cinerea. Collectively, our present results suggested that FQ-G3 may potentially be useful as a biocontrol agent in postharvest tomatoes.
... Published in 2019 by Fair Winds Press, an imprint of The Quarto Group. 100 Cummings Center, Suite 265-D, ... ... 14 -- Ilustrace: Kuo Kang Chen Publisher: Samantha Warrington Co je akupresurní bod? ...
První vydání 128 stran : barevné ilustrace ; 22 cm
Autor se v příručce věnuje teorii, metodám a technikám, akupresurovým energetickým bodům na lidském těle i vhodným terapeutickým postupům pro různé zdravotní obtíže.; Moderní pojetí starověké praktiky zpřístupňuje akupresuru nové generaci čtenářů. Číňané už tisíce let zkoumají účinky tlaku na konkrétní místa v těle při léčbě potíží počínaje únavou, přes bolest až po nejrůznější onemocnění. Terapeut Bob Doto názorně vysvětluje, jak akupresuru využívat ke zlepšení vlastního života a dosažení pocitu životní pohody.
- MeSH
- akupresura MeSH
- Publikační typ
- populární práce MeSH
- příručky MeSH
